非小细胞肺癌FGFR1OP和p57／Kip2的表达及临床意义

探讨FGFR1OP和p57/Kip2在非小细胞肺癌中的表达情况。选取58倒非小细胞肺癌手术切除标本,采用SP法进行免疫组织化学染色。FGFR1OP和p57/Kip2在肺癌中的阳性表达率分别为91.4%和56.9%。FGFR1OP的表达强度与肿瘤的分化程度、病理类型密切相关,在低分化腺癌(P=0.003)和低分化鳞癌(P=0.001)中的表达强度要高于高分化的腺癌和鳞癌,在鳞癌中的表达强度高于腺癌(P=0.002);与之相反,p57/Kip2随着肿瘤分化程度降低(腺癌P=0.008,鳞癌P=0.000),表达强度也显著下降,在鳞癌中的表达强度要低于腺癌(P=0.000)。FGFR1OP的高表达与p57/Kip2的低表达可能参与肿瘤的生长分化和进展,并提示预后不良。     

High-dose neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone followed by surgery in potentially-resectable stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC. A multi-institutional retrospective study by the Oncologic Group for the Study of Lung Cancer (Spanish Radiation Oncology Society)

BackgroundThe optimal induction treatment in potentially-resectable stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC remains undefined.AimTo compare neoadjuvant high-dose chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CHT) in patients with resectable, stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsRetrospective, multicentre study of 99 patients diagnosed with stage cT1-T3N2M0 NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant treatment (high-dose CRT or CHT) followed by surgery between January 2005 and December 2014.Results47 patients (47.5%) underwent CRT and 52 (52.5%) CHT, with a median follow-up of 41 months. Surgery consisted of lobectomy (87.2% and 82.7%, in the CRT and CHT groups, respectively) or pneumonectomy (12.8% vs. 17.3%). Nodal downstaging (to N1/N0) and Pathologic complete response (pCR; pT0pN0) rates were significantly higher in the CRT group (89.4% vs. 57.7% and 46.8% vs. 7.7%, respectively; p < 0.001)). Locoregional recurrence was significantly lower in the CRT group (8.5% vs. 13.5%; p = 0.047) but distant recurrence rates were similar in the two groups. Median PFS was 45 months (CHT) vs. “not reached” (CRT). Median OS was similar: 61 vs. 56 months (p = 0.803). No differences in grade ≥3 toxicity were observed. On the Cox regression analysis, advanced pT stage was associated with worse OS and PFS (p < 0.001) and persistent N2 disease (p = 0.002) was associated with worse PFS.ConclusionsCompared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, a higher proportion of patients treated with preoperative CRT achieved nodal downstaging and pCR with better locoregional control. However, there were no differences in survival. More studies are needed to know the optimal treatment of these patients.     

ITGB1 enhances the Radioresistance of human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by modulating the DNA damage response and YAP1-induced Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition

Objectives: Radiotherapy has played a limited role in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to the risk of tumour radioresistance. We previously established the radioresistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H460R. In this study, we identified differentially expressed genes between these radioresistant H460R cells and their radiosensitive parent line. We further evaluated the role of a differentially expressed gene, ITGB1, in NSCLC cell radioresistance and as a potential target for improving radiosensitivity.Materials and Methods: The radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, colony formation assays, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Bioinformatics assay was used to identify the effect of ITGB1 and YAP1 expression in NSCLC tissues.Results: ITGB1 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in H460R than in the parental H460 cells. We observed lower clonogenic survival and cell viability and a higher rate of apoptosis of ITGB1-knockdown A549 and H460R cells than of wild type cells post-irradiation. Transfection with an ITGB1 short hairpin (sh) RNA enhanced radiation-induced DNA damage and G2/M phase arrest. Moreover, ITGB1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC cells. Silencing ITGB1 suppressed the expression and intracellular translocation of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a downstream effector of ITGB1.Conclusions: ITGB1 may induce radioresistance via affecting DNA repair and YAP1-induced EMT. Taken together, our data suggest that ITGB1 is an attractive therapeutic target to overcome NSCLC cell radioresistance.     

EGFR基因在非小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌中突变的研究

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因酪氨酸激酶域体细胞突变与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者对酪氨酸激酶抑制剂吉非替尼敏感性密切相关。文章分析和检测本院75例非小细胞肺癌、10例乳腺癌患者石蜡包埋标本EGFR基因突变状况。采用PCR技术进行EGFR基因19和21外显子突变分析。结果显示:75例NSCLC患者中有13例(13/75,17.33%)酪氨酸激酶域存在体细胞突变。其中7例(7/75,9.33%)为19外显子缺失突变,6例(6/75,8%)为21外显子替代突变(2573T>G,L858R)。病理分型显示,腺癌突变率高于其他几种类型NSCLC。乳腺癌患者均为免疫组化HER-2阳性女性,EGFR基因的19、21外显子中未见突变发生。中国非小细胞肺癌患者总突变率高于高加索人种,女性患者较男性患者突变率高,提示肺腺癌的患者突变率高可能在吉非替尼的治疗中获益。     

MMP14在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其与预后的关系

肺癌5年生存率低,侵润和转移是导致其死亡的主要原因.探讨MMP14(matrix mettallo proteinase 14)在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织中的表达,及其与浸润转移和预后的关系.通过采用免疫组化检测92例NSCLC组织及25例癌旁正常组织中MMP14蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床病理学特征及预后的关系.免疫组化结果显示,MMP14蛋白在NSCLC组织中表达的阳性率为64.1%(59/92),显著高于癌旁正常组8%(2/25)(P<0.001).MMP14阳性率与NSCLC的分化程度、T分期、淋巴结转移和TNM分期相关(P<0.05),而与性别、年龄、吸烟及组织学类型无关(P>0.05).Kaplan-meier生存曲线显示,MMP14阳性表达组的患者5年生存期显著低于阴性表达组(P=0.004).Cox多因素回归分析显示,MMP14不是NSCLC的独立预后因素(P>0.05).MMP14在肺癌的分化、浸润和转移中扮演着重要的作用,并对生存期有一定的影响.     

Knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 suppresses cell proliferation and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the effects of LncRNAZFAS1 on cell proliferation and tumor metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we detected the expression level of LncRNAZFAS1 in NSCLC-related tissues and cells. qRT-PCR results revealed that LncRNAZFAS1 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue, especially significantly up-regulated in stage III / IV and in metastatic NSCLC tissues. LncRNAZFAS1 expression was dramatically up-regulated in 4 NSCLC-related cells (A549, SPC-A1, SK-MES-1, and NCI-H1299), with having the highest expression level in A549 cells. Furthermore, we implemented a knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 in A549 cells, and the results of CCK8 and Transwell assays suggested that knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 significantly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis. Next, we constructed a tumor xenograft model to evaluate the effect of LncRNAZFAS1 on the NSCLC cell proliferation in vivo. The results indicated that knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 dramatically inhibited A549 cells proliferation and repressed tumor growth. Additionally, knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 drastically weakened the expressions of MMP2, MMP9 and Bcl-2 proteins, whereas noticeably strengthened the expression of BAX protein. Our results altogether suggest that knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 has a negative effect on the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cell, which implying LncRNAZFAS1 is a potential unfavorable biomarker in patients with NSCLC.     

Interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor and interleukin-6 receptor in NSCLC progression

Even though the interaction between epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) has been found in many tumors, there is a lack of relevant in-depth study of lung cancer. The following study investigates the interaction of EGFR and IL-6R in lung cancer. In the current study, EGFR, IL-6, and glycoprotein 130 (GP130) were highly expressed in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples and were associated with clinicopathological features and poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Furthermore, the effect of EGF and IL-6 on biological behavior of lung cancer cells (cell proliferation, invasion, cycle, and apoptosis) and the expression of EGFR, GP130, p-protein kinase B (p-AKT), and p-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p44/42 MAPK) was significantly stronger compared with other treatment groups (all P < 0.05). These results suggest that EGFR and IL-6R have synergistic effects on NSCLC progression. This could help to solve the problem of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer resistance and improve the efficacy of current treatment for lung cancer through a combination of EGFR and IL-6R signaling pathways.     

Ets-1在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

原癌基因Ets-1,与肿瘤的发生、浸润转移、血管生成及预后密切相关.通过采用免疫组化SP法和RT-PCR技术检测非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织及癌旁正常组织中Ets-1的表达,并分析与临床病理特征及预后的关系.免疫组化结果显示Ets-1蛋白在NSCLC组织中的阳性率为67%(65/97),显著高于对应的癌旁正常组织0%(0/30)(P<0.001).Ets-1阳性率随着肿瘤T分期的增加、淋巴结转移和临床分期的增加而增加(P<0.05),而与性别、年龄、吸烟、组织学类型及分化程度等无关(P>0.05).RT-PCR结果显示Ets-1 mR-NA在20例癌组中和癌旁组中的相对表达强度分别为0.5570±0.0593和0.2965±0.0869(P<0.001).Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,Ets-1阳性组的生存时间显著低于阴性组(P<0.05).Cox多因素分析模型显示Ets-1不是NSCLC患者的独立影像因素(P>0.05).结果表明,Ets-1的表达在NSCLC的浸润和转移中扮演了重要的角色,并对NSCLC患者生存期有一定的影响.     

Determinants of differential doxorubicin sensitivity between SCLC and NSCLC

Doxorubicin (DOX) transport activity of Ral-interacting protein (RLIP76) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is approximately twice that of in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Since protein-kinase-C (PKC)alpha mediated phosphorylation of RLIP76 causes doubling of the specific activity of RLIP76, and NSCLC cells are known to have greater PKCalpha activity, we examined the contribution of PKC mediated phosphorylation of RLIP76 towards intrinsic DOX-resistance in human NSCLC. Expression of a deletion mutant RLIP76(delPKCalpha-sites) followed by depletion of the wild-type RLIP76 using a siRNA targeted at one of the deleted regions resulted in generation of cells expressing only the mutant protein, which could not be phosphorylated by PKCalpha. DOX-transport activity of the mutant RLIP76 purified from NSCLC and SCLC was similar and comparable to that of RLIP76 purified from the wild-type SCLC. However, this activity was significantly lower than that of RLIP76 purified from the wild-type NSCLC. After siRNA mediated depletion of PKCalpha, DOX-transport activities of RLIP76 purified from SCLC and NSCLC were indistinguishable. Depletion of PKCalpha inhibited the growth of NSCLC more than SCLC cells (70+/-3% vs. 43+/-5%, respectively). PKCalpha-depletion lowered the IC(50) of NSCLC cell lines for DOX to the same level as that observed for SCLC. RLIP76(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were significantly more sensitive to DOX as compared with RLIP76(+/+) MEFs (IC(50) 25 vs. 125nM, respectively). However, PKCalpha-depletion did not affect DOX-cytotoxicity towards RLIP76(-/-) MEFs, as opposed to RLIP76(+/+) MEFs which were sensitized by 2.2-fold. These results demonstrate that RLIP76 is a primary determinant of DOX-resistance, and that PKCalpha mediated accumulation defect and DOX-resistance in NSCLC is primarily due to differential phosphorylation of RLIP76 in SCLC and NSCLC.     

PTEN、p57／Kip2和CK19在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义研究

探讨非小细胞肺癌中PTEN、p57/Kip2和CK19的表达情况和临床意义。选取58例非小细胞肺癌手术切除标本,采用SP法进行免疫组织化学染色。PTEN、p57/Kip2和CK19的阳性表达率分别为44.8%、56.9%和98.3%。PTEN和p57/Kip2在低分化肿瘤中表达显著降低或缺失,在腺癌中的表达强度高于鳞癌;CK19几乎在所有的肺癌组织中均表达,且在腺癌中的表达强度高于鳞癌。PTEN和p57/Kip2的低表达参与肿瘤的生长分化和进展,并提示预后不良。     

DDX5、E-cadherin在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨DEAD-box家族的DDX5(RNA解旋酶)和E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中表达,并分析其临床病理意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法(SP法)和Western blot法检测手术切除的NSCLC组织74例及癌旁组织(距肿瘤5 cm)36例中DDX5和E-cadherin的表达情况,并对其与NSCLC患者的临床病理特征的相关性进行统计学分析。结果:NSCLC组织中DDX5的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织(63.5%vs 30.6%),E-cadherin的阳性表达率显著低于癌旁组织(60.8%vs 100%),差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);DDX5和E-cadherin蛋白的表达水平与NSCLC的TNM分期以及淋巴结是否转移具有显著相关性(P0.05),但二者与NSCLC患者的年龄、性别和肿瘤组织类型均无显著相关性(P0.05)。DDX5和E-cadherin蛋白的表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.327,P0.05)。结论:DDX5的过度表达及E-cadherin的表达下调可能参与了NSCLC的发生发展,且二者在其中可能也具有相互作用的关系。     

Targeting LIMK1 with luteolin inhibits the growth of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. LIM domain kinase (LIMK) 1 is a member of serine/threonine kinase family and highly expressed in various cancers. Luteolin, a polyphenolic plant flavonoid, has been reported to suppress tumour proliferation through inducing apoptosis and autophagy via MAPK activation in glioma. However, the mechanism of luteolin on suppressing lung cancer growth is still unclear. We found that luteolin targeted LIMK1 from the in silico screening and significantly inhibited the LIMK1 kinase activity, which was confirmed with pull-down binding assay and computational docking models. Treatment with luteolin inhibited lung cancer cells anchorage-independent colony growth and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Luteolin also decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and increased the levels of cleaved caspase-3 by down-regulating LIMK1 signalling related targets, including p-LIMK and p-cofilin. Furthermore, luteolin suppressed the lung cancer patient-derived xenograft tumour growth by decreasing Ki-67, p-LIMK and p-cofilin expression in vivo. Taken together, these results provide insight into the mechanism that underlies the anticancer effects of luteolin on lung cancer, which involved in down-regulation of LIMK1 and its interaction with cofilin. It also provides valuable evidence for translation towards lung cancer clinical trials with luteolin.     

Orally active microtubule-targeting agent,MPT0B271, for the treatment of human non-small cell lung cancer,alone and in combination with erlotinib

Microtubule-binding agents, such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, are used in the treatment of cancer. The limitations of these treatments, such as resistance to therapy and the need for intravenous administration, have encouraged the development of new agents. MPT0B271 (N-[1-(4-Methoxy-benzenesulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-7-yl]-1-oxy-isonicotinamide), an orally active microtubule-targeting agent, is a completely synthetic compound that possesses potent anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Tubulin polymerization assay and immunofluorescence experiment showed that MPT0B271 caused depolymerization of tubulin at both molecular and cellular levels. MPT0B271 reduced cell growth and viability at nanomolar concentrations in numerous cancer cell lines, including a multidrug-resistant cancer cell line NCI/ADR-RES. Further studies indicated that MPT0B271 is not a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as determined by flow cytometric analysis of rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) dye efflux and the calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein AM) assay. MPT0B271 also caused G2/M cell-cycle arrest, accompanied by the up-regulation of cyclin B1, p-Thr161 Cdc2/p34, serine/threonine kinases polo-like kinase 1, aurora kinase A and B and the downregulation of Cdc25C and p-Tyr15 Cdc2/p34 protein levels. The appearance of MPM2 and the nuclear translocation of cyclin B1 denoted M phase arrest in MPT0B271-treated cells. Moreover, MPT0B271 induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner; it also reduced the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 and increased the cleavage of caspase-3 and -7 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Finally, this study demonstrated that MPT0B271 in combination with erlotinib significantly inhibits the growth of the human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells as compared with erlotinib treatment alone, both in vitro and in vivo. These findings identify MPT0B271 as a promising new tubulin-binding compound for the treatment of various cancers.     

CircRNA fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 promotes tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating Galectin-1-AKT/ERK1/2 signaling

The dysregulation of circular RNA (circRNA) expression is involved in the progression of several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of circRNA FGFR3 (circFGFR3) in NSCLC progression remains unknown. Here, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to validate that circFGFR3 expression was higher in NSCLC tissues than in the paratumor tissues. Furthermore, our study indicated that the forced circFGFR3 expression promoted NSCLC cell invasion and proliferation. Mechanistically, we found that circFGFR3 promoted NSCLC cell invasion and proliferation via competitively combining with miR-22-3p to facilitate the galectin-1 (Gal-1), p-AKT, and p-ERK1/2 expressions. Clinically, we revealed that the high circFGFR3 expression correlates with the poor clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC. Together, these data provide mechanistic insights into the circFGFR3-mediated regulation of both the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways by sponging miR-22-3p and increasing Gal-1 expression.     

Synergistic action by multi-targeting compounds produces a potent compound combination for human NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo

By screening a collection of one hundred combinations of thiazolidinone compounds, we identified one combination (M4) that synergistically inhibited the growth of H460 and H460/TaxR cells and tumor growth in H460/TaxR xenograft mice. A whole genome microarray assay showed that genes involved in negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization, intracellular protein kinase cascade, positive regulation of histone acetylation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were upregulated. Further analysis proved that the four compounds act as either microtubule polymerization inhibitors or histone deacetylase inhibitors. They act synergistically targeting multiple proteins and leading to the regulation of cell cycle checkpoint proteins, including p53, p21, cdc25C and cdc2, the activation of caspases, JNK, p38 cascades and the inactivation of Akt. These events resulted in the G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. These data provide a new strategy for discovering anticancer drugs and drug combinations for drug-resistant cancers.     

小细胞肺癌药物治疗的研究进展

小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)约占肺癌患者总数的15%-20%,与吸烟关系密切,约60%-70%的患者就诊时已处于广泛期,预后很差,内科药物治疗仍然为其主要的治疗手段。由于其细胞生物学行为复杂,恶性程度高,易出现复发及耐药,通过多药联合、优化给药顺序、改变用药方法及调整药物剂量强度并没有获得预期的疗效,且毒副反应较多,其死亡率依然高居各种肿瘤之首,寻求有效的治疗方案变得迫切而棘手。近年来,随着SCLC内科治疗药物研究的不断深入,一些研究热点药物如bcl-2抑制剂、Hedgehog信号通路抑制剂、ipilimumab、贝伐单抗等已在Ⅱ期或Ⅲ期试验中显示出良好的抗肿瘤活性,为SCLC的药物治疗提供了新的方向。本文就目前针对SCLC的药物治疗进展情况作一综述。