共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
The hepatic elimination of phenytoin has been studied in the isolated rat liver perfused at constant flow with Krebs solution alone and in the presence of albumin. At an albumin concentration of 0.5 g/dl, 46.6% of the phenytoin was bound in the perfusate and the comparable value at 5.0 g/dl was 87.4%. The increase in binding resulted in a reduction in the hepatic extraction ratio from 0.67 in Krebs to 0.54 and 0.28 at the two albumin concentrations, respectively. Analysis of this data together with that from the literature on propranolol and warfarin indicated that they were consistent with the perfusion-limited model of hepatic clearance. Accordingly, the general relationship between the extraction ratio and the free fraction of drug in the blood is hyperbolic with the precise shape being determined by the ratio of the clearance of the drug from liver water to the hepatic blood flow rate. 相似文献
3.
Albert P. Li 《Chemico-biological interactions》2009,179(1):1-176
Drug metabolism can be a key determinant of drug toxicity. A nontoxic parent drug may be biotransformed by drug metabolizing enzymes to toxic metabolites (metabolic activation). Conversely, a toxic drug may be biotransformed to nontoxic metabolites (detoxification). The approaches to evaluate metabolism-based drug toxicity include the identification of toxic metabolites and the evaluation of toxicity in metabolically competent and metabolically compromised systems. A clear understanding of the role of drug metabolism in toxicity can aid the identification of risk factors that may potentiate drug toxicity, and may provide key information for the development of safe drugs. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
Xiang Ping LI Shun Zhen XIAO * Qiao Qin WAN Sen Lin SONG Yan Xia TENG School of Nursing Peking University Beijing China Department of Psychiatry DaXing Hospital Beijing Drug Abuse Treatment Center Beijing China 《Cell research》2005,(Z1)
INTRODUCTION Today, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become a public health and social problem that has caused significant harm to the survival and development of humanbeings. Route of transmission of Human Im- munodeficiency Virus (HIV) is still predominantly through shared syringes by drug abusers. Currently, there is no efficient medicine, treatment or educational method to prevent HIV transmission in China. Intervention is prob- ably the best “vaccine” [1]. Despi… 相似文献
7.
The objective of this study is to explore a potentially effective training method for the hospital professionals to educate drug users and to enhance their knowledge of HIV infection. One hundred and sixty one subjects, who came from 13 different provinces and were admitted in a drug relief hospital in Beijing, were recruited for this study. The average age of these subjects was 35.21 +/- 6.24 year old. The average numbers of years for drug addiction were 7 years, and the average numbers of drug relief treatment received in the past was 5.5 times. The level of AIDS knowledge of these subjects, including pathogenic factors, source of infection, route of transmission and preventive measures, were evaluated before and after receiving the AIDS educational training to these drug users. Our results showed that there was a statistically significant increase (P<0.01) in the knowledge of HIV infection and prevention among these subjects. Positive attitude and behavioral tendencies toward HIV prevention were also improved. Therefore, it is imperative for the medical professionals to incorporate AIDS education into drug relief treatment to achieve the maximum effect on the knowledge of AIDS and improvement of positive attitudes and behaviors toward HIV prevention among drug users. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
H L Davis D G Bailey G E Johnson T W Wilson 《Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology》1976,54(6):850-858
A survey of 'steady-state' serum levels of anticonvulsant drugs from 221 epileptic patients at a university hospital was conducted. Serum concentrations of phenobarbital, primidone, and diphenylhydantoin were determined by a gas chromatographic method. Sixty-five percent (130) of the patients receiving diphenylhydantoin had levels below the therapeutic range of 10-20mug/ml. Subtherapeutic levels appear to be due to inadequate dosage adjustment. Only 25% (33) of the patients receiving phenobarbital had levels below the therapeutic range. Serum levels of diphenylhydantoin or phenobarbital could not be predicted from dosage. Most patients received two or more drugs. Over 10% of the patients had potentially toxic levels of anticonvulsant drugs. High levels of diphenylhydantoin were easily recognized clinically but high levels of phenobarbital were not. 相似文献
11.
Behavioral economic concepts have proven useful for an overall understanding of the regulation of behavior by environmental commodities and complements a pharmacological perspective on drug abuse in several ways. First, a quantitative assessment of drug demand, equated in terms of drug potency, allows meaningful comparisons to be made among drug reinforcers within and across pharmacological classes. Second, behavioral economics provides a conceptual framework for understanding key factors, both pharmacological and environmental, that contribute to reductions in consumption of illicit drugs. Finally, behavioral economics provides a basis for generalization from laboratory and clinical studies to the development of novel behavioral and pharmacological therapies. 相似文献
12.
Pardridge WM 《Molecular interventions》2003,3(2):90-105, 51
As human longevity increases, the likelihood of the onset of diseases of the brain (and other organs) also increases. Clinical therapeutics offer useful long-term treatments, if not cures, if drugs can be delivered appropriately and effectively. Unfortunately, research in drug transport to the brain has not advanced very far. Through better characterization of the transport systems utilized within the blood-brain barrier, a greater understanding of how to exploit these systems will lead to effective treatments for brain disorders. Pardridge reviews the functions of the various known transport systems in the brain and discusses how the development of BBB drug-targeting programs in pharmaceutical and academic settings may lead to more efficacious treatments. 相似文献
13.
14.
Tomohiro Nabekura Tatsuya Kawasaki Misuzu Jimura Koichi Mizuno Yuichi Uwai 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2020
This study examined the effects of microtubule-targeting anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, cabazitaxel, and eribulin) on the expression of drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, which is encoded by MDR1. Paclitaxel and eribulin induced MDR1 promoter activity in a concentration-dependent manner, while cabazitaxel had little effect in human intestinal epithelial LS174T cells. Overexpression of the nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) gene (NR1I2) enhanced paclitaxel- and eribulin-induced MDR1 activation, but expression of the nuclear receptor co-repressor silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors (SMRT) gene (NCOR2) repressed MDR1 activation. Eribulin increased the mRNA and protein expression of P-glycoprotein in LS174T cells. Cellular uptake of rhodamine 123 and calcein-acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM), P-glycoprotein substrates, decreased in paclitaxel- or eribulin-treated LS174T cells. Eribulin also increased MDR1 promoter activity in human breast cancer MCF7 cells. The results suggest that the microtubule-targeting anticancer drug eribulin can induce the drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein via PXR in human intestinal and breast cancer cells and thus influence the efficacy of anticancer drugs. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
Chemoproteomics represents a new research discipline at the interface of medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, and cell biology focused on studying the molecular mechanisms of action of drugs and other bioactive small molecules. Research strategies frequently combine phenotypic screening with subsequent target identification, and aim at a proteome-wide characterization of drug-induced changes in cellular protein expression and post-translational modifications. In recent years quantitative mass spectrometry has taken center stage in many of these approaches. This review describes experimental strategies in current chemical proteomics research, discusses recent examples of successful applications, and highlights areas in drug discovery where chemical proteomics-based assays using native endogenous proteins are expected to have substantial impact. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
目的研究一株临床分离广泛耐药恶臭假单胞菌(extensively drug resistant Pseudomonas putida,XDR-PP)的耐药机制,以期指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法采用VITEK-2compact全自动微生物分析系统对菌株进行鉴定及药敏试验;改良Hodge试验初筛碳青霉烯酶;EDTA-亚胺培南协同试验和亚胺培南双纸片增效法初筛金属酶;PCR检测16SrRNA甲基化酶基因、金属β-内酰胺酶基因及可移动性遗传元件基因,产物测序,结果经BLAST软件比对分析。结果该菌株对所检测的抗菌药物均耐药。改良Hodge试验、EDTA-亚胺培南协同试验和亚胺培南双纸片增效法结果均为阳性。基因检测结果显示,金属β-内酰胺酶基因阳性的有blaVIM-2和blaIMP-4两种基因,16SrRNA甲基化酶基因阳性的有armA基因,13种可移动性遗传元件中,intI、tnpU和merA基因阳性,其余均为阴性。结论blaVIM-2、blaIMP-4、armA、intI、tnpU以及merA基因是导致其广泛耐药的重要机制。恶臭假单胞菌中同时检出blaVIM-2和blaIMP-4两种金属β-内酰胺酶基因及armA基因为国内首次报道。 相似文献