棉铃虫雄性定向抑制剂的研究:风洞和田间试验中醇类物质的抑制效应(英文)

本文研究了棉铃虫雄蛾味刷中几种醇类物质对同种雄蛾行为反应的抑制效应。剂量范围从4×10－4到40μg的风洞剂量试验表明,当剂量为0．4μg,Z9－16∶Ald与Z11－16∶Ald两种混合物的比率为5∶95时,雄蛾有最高反应。当Z11－16∶OH加到上述混合物中,5％的醇浓度完全抑制定向行为。百分率进一步增加,不仅抑制定向行为,同时也影响起飞行为。将Z11－16∶OH与其他三种饱和醇14∶OH,16∶OH,18∶OH以及与结构上相似的Z9－16∶OH比较发现,Z11－16∶OH抑制雄蛾定向的行为最有效。田间施用Z11－16∶OH使其卵孵化率从处理前的34％降低到处理后的17％。     

大螟雄蛾触角对性外激素及其类似物的电生理反应

电生理试验显示出:大螟Sesamia inferens(Walker)雄蛾触角对Z11-16:Ac(A)oZ11-16:OH(B)激起强烈的触角电位(EAG)反应,Z11-16:ALD?,E11-16:Ac(D),Z9-14:Ac(E)和Z7-12:Ac(F)四种化合物也能激起较强的EAG反应;A化合物的刺激阈比B高,此两种化合物5:5比例时,激起的反应最强烈。电生理的试验推测,雄蛾触角对A和B两种化合物的感受,是通过触角内两种不同类型的嗅觉感受器。A和B不同比例混合后,田间诱蛾试验证明:在9:1,8:2,5:5的比例时,其诱蛾量远远超过单独的A化合物;E加入A与B的混合物中,起抑制诱蛾的效果,上述试验表明,Z11-16:OH是大螟的性诱剂。     

榆木蠹蛾雄蛾对性信息素不同组分及其不同比例和剂量混合物的风洞行为反应

【目的】本研究旨在深入了解榆木蠹蛾Holcocerus vicarius(Walker)信息素通讯系统。【方法】在风洞中观察了榆木蠹蛾雄蛾对合成性信息素不同组分及其不同比例及剂量混合物的行为反应。【结果】单组分试验结果表明,仅有Z7-14:Ac能够引起少量雄蛾完成从兴奋到接触诱芯并出现预交尾的全部行为反应,其余4个单组分(E3-14:Ac,Z3E5-14:Ac,E3-14:OH和Z3-14:OH)只能引起雄蛾兴奋,均不能引起雄蛾向性信息素源定向飞行。二元混合物(Z7-14:Ac+E3-14:Ac)明显增加雄蛾完整的性行为反应比例,三元混合物(Z7-14:Ac+E3-14:Ac+Z3E5-14:Ac)比例为10∶4∶4,剂量为1 300μg时有71.7%雄蛾发生预交尾,剂量为1 000μg时有70.3%雄蛾发生预交尾,两者差异不显著(P0.05)。【结论】榆木蠹蛾风洞行为实验为进一步研究其性信息素相关生物学特性及应用性信息素对榆木蠹蛾进行综合防治奠定了基础。     

东方粘虫雄蛾信息素的生成时期与释放行为

【目的】东方粘虫Mythimna separata (Walker)雄蛾味刷的表面超微结构、味刷位置变化节律还未被报道,并且雄蛾信息素的生成时期还没有被确定。【方法】本实验利用扫描电子显微镜观察味刷不同区域的表面结构。应用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测不同时间段的处于两种位置状态的味刷提取液中苯甲醇的含量,并分析交配过后味刷中苯甲醛的含量变化。【结果】东方粘虫雄蛾的前腹两侧各有一只味刷,电镜扫描发现味刷的毛干内部呈现中空网状,毛干近轴端的表面具有平行的纵脊与孔,过渡区的表面纵脊消失并且分布着大小不一的孔,末端表面呈"蜂窝"状。在雄蛾羽化后8 h,6.67%的味刷从腹部第2节节间膜处缩回到第3、第4腹节囊中;羽化后24 h,96.67%的味刷缩回至腹部囊中。雄蛾味刷缩回至囊内2 h后,所有雄蛾均检测到了苯甲醇;味刷在节间膜处时也有部分雄蛾检测到苯甲醇,尤其是在羽化后24h,80%的雄蛾生成了苯甲醇。雄蛾在交配后苯甲醛并没有显著下降。【结论】雄蛾信息素的生成取决于味刷的位置变化,味刷在节间膜处时信息素已经生成,并在完全缩回囊内后大量合成。雄蛾在求偶、交配过程中味刷不会外翻,只是通过挤压腹部使得囊的边缘张开,从而释放信息素。     

小地老虎雄蛾对雌蛾性信息的EAG反应

利用触角电位记录（EAG）技术,测定了小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon (Rottemberg) 雄蛾对性信息素标准化合物Z7-12：Ac（A）、Z9-14：Ac（B）、Z11-16：Ac（C）、Z5-10：Ac（D）和Z8-12：Ac（E）的EAG反应。结果表明：这些标准化合物均能引起EAG反应,其中组分A（Z7-12：Ac）引起的反应最强,为5.65 mV,组分B（Z9-14：Ac）和C（Z11-16：Ac）居中; 组分D（Z5-10：Ac）的EAG反应值最小,为2.50 mV。二元混合物、三元混合物、四元混合物和全组分的EAG反应较高,其EAG反应值均显著高于单组分的反应值。三元混合物ABC的反应值最高,与5头雌蛾腺体的正己烷浸提液的EAG值相当。在使用剂量为0.01 ng～100 μg反应内,小地老虎雄蛾触角对性信息素各组分及其混合物的剂量反应曲线大致呈“S”形。从不同日龄雄蛾对标准化合物的反应中,发现在羽化后第3天达到最高值,之后则随日龄增加EAG反应降低。     

笋秀夜蛾雄蛾对性信息素化合物的电生理和行为反应

利用气质联用仪对笋秀夜蛾雌蛾性腺体粗提物成分进行了分析比对,通过触角电位(EAG)试验研究了笋秀夜蛾雄成虫对性信息素组分的电生理反应,以Y形嗅觉仪进行了室内和林间的行为生测.结果表明： 雌蛾性腺体粗提物中顺11-十六碳乙酸酯(Z11-16:Ac)和顺11-十六碳烯醇(Z11-16:OH)为笋秀夜蛾性信息素活性组分,性腺粗提物、两种化合物及其混合物均能激发雄蛾明显的EAG反应,且EAG反应值随性信息素组分浓度增加而增加.Z11-16:Ac和Z11-16:OH按57∶43配置成的二元混合物所激发的EAG反应强于同等剂量下的单一组分.室内的行为生测和林间诱捕试验结果与EAG反应基本一致,Z11-16:Ac+Z11-16:OH(57∶43)混合物对雄蛾引诱力最强,在林间单诱捕器(诱芯浓度为10⁴ng·μL^-1)的平均诱捕量达到(48.5±6.7)头.     

斜纹夜蛾在风洞中对性信息素的行为反应及田间诱捕试验

雌蛾腺体内含量最高的组份9,11-14∶Ac（A）在风洞中能引起雄蛾从搜索气迹、定向飞行到撒开味刷企图交尾连续的行为反应,而雌蛾腺体内其它组份单独使用时均不能引起雄蛾上述行为反应。一定量的Z9,E12-14∶Ac（B）对A的活性有增效作用,诱芯中B数量过多,不但失去对A的活性增效作用,还对雄蛾接近诱芯和企图交尾有强烈的抑制作用。9-14∶Ac（C）与11-14∶Ac (D)对雄蛾的定向行为无影响,诱芯中含有50%的C时,反而对雄蛾接近诱芯和企图交尾有抑制作用。A与B在滤纸诱芯中的含量比例与诱芯释放的挥发物比例明显不同,从9∶1（A∶B）诱芯释放的挥发物比例更接近于雌蛾腺体内的天然比例。田间诱捕试验中两组份诱芯的诱捕量随两组份比例不同而变化, 9∶1（A∶B）诱芯的诱捕量最大,1∶1（A∶B）诱芯的诱捕量低于单一的A组份诱芯。     

大螟成虫性信息素生物合成和释放及求偶和交配行为的昼夜节律

【目的】探索大螟Sesamia inferens性信息素顺11-十六碳烯乙酸酯(Z11-16∶Ac)和顺11-十六碳烯醇(Z11-16∶OH)的合成和释放及求偶和交配行为的昼夜节律,及其与田间性信息素诱捕的关系。【方法】通过溶剂浸提和固相微萃取(solid phase microextraction, SPME)分析大螟雌蛾性信息素Z11-16∶Ac和Z11--16∶OH的滴度,结合行为观测和多地田间实时性信息素诱捕数据,调查大螟性信息素的生物合成、释放及求偶和交配行为的昼夜节律。【结果】大螟雌蛾腺体内性信息素Z11-16∶Ac和Z11-16∶OH含量可检测到的时间始于暗期前1 h,暗期后4 h快速增加,暗期8 h为第1次高峰,但光期1h又一次高峰,光期5 h还可以被显著检测到。分泌至腺体外的性信息素化合物可检测到的时间始于暗期后6 h,高峰期在暗期后10 h,光期后1 h性信息素Z11-16∶Ac滴度达到96.9±20.9 ng/雌。采用溶剂浸提法获得的Z11-16∶Ac和Z11-16∶OH的比例在暗期平均为2.8±1.9,在光期平均为2.5±0.9,统计上二者没有显著差异,而SPME法获得的Z11-16∶Ac和Z11-16∶OH的比例在暗期平均为8.5±1.2,在光期平均为5.7±0.6,统计上二者差异显著。产卵器伸出时间发生在暗期6-8 h,产卵器伸出持续时间平均为80.8±4.4 min。大螟的交配发生在暗期4-10 h,交配持续时间平均为83.4±5.0 min。广东、四川、浙江、江苏四省性诱自动计数的田间每日每小时实时计数数据显示,越冬代诱蛾比较集中,之后的世代则比较分散,田间雄蛾的性诱昼夜节律受地理环境、季节和世代等因子的影响。【结论】本研究发现大螟交配和性信息素释放的昼夜节律在时间上不一致,交配时间在暗期较早时段。雌蛾性信息素有效的释放时间范围比雄蛾对性信息素反应的要小。产卵器伸展与雌蛾性信息素化合物的释放速率加快和扩散 范围有关。     

交配和温度对草地贪夜蛾性信息素通讯的影响

【目的】明确交配和温度对草地贪夜蛾Spodopterafrugiperda性信息素通讯的影响,为田间草地贪夜蛾的性信息素防治提供参考。【方法】采用溶剂浸提法提取草地贪夜蛾雌蛾性信息素腺体中的化学组分;利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术对提取物中的组分进行化学鉴定;利用气相色谱（GC）技术分析雌蛾腺体中各组分的含量;利用触角电位（EAG）技术测定雄蛾对腺体各组分及性信息素类似物的电生理反应。在不同温度（20-35）℃下饲养草地贪夜蛾,以研究温度对其性信息素通讯的影响。【结果】GC-MS分析发现,草地贪夜蛾雌蛾腺体内含有Z7-12:Ac等7种组分。交配实验表明,雌蛾在1个暗期内只交配1次,在羽化后7 d内可交配多次,其中交配2次及以上的占44%（单对放置）和67%(30对放置)。交配显著抑制雌蛾在次日暗期（交配后第1个暗期）的求偶活动,但在交配后第2个暗期基本恢复正常;在交配后第1个暗期,雌蛾腺体中主要组分Z9-14:Ac的含量和比例较对照雌蛾显著升高,其他组分无显著变化。在20-35℃的饲养温度范围内,雌蛾腺体内16:Ac的含量在35℃时最高,在20℃时未能检测出;各测试温度下Z11-16:Ac的含量相差不显著;其余5种组分均在25℃时最高;主要活性组分Z7-12:Ac和Z9-14:Ac在35℃时显著降低。饲养温度对腺体内各组分的相对比例也有较大影响,12:Ac、Z11-14:Ac、Z11-16:Ac和16:Ac所占比例均在30-35℃时较高,而Z9-14:Ac则在20-25℃时较高。不同饲养温度所得雄蛾对腺体主要组分的触角电位反应无显著差异。【结论】交配显著抑制草地贪夜蛾雌蛾在次日的求偶行为;25℃饲养条件最适宜雌蛾腺体内性信息素等组分的合成。     

褛裳夜蛾的交配行为及雄蛾对性腺提取物的反应节律

详细观察了褛裳夜蛾成虫的交配行为,利用风洞、触角电位技术研究了雄蛾对性腺提取物的反应节律,通过林间诱蛾试验进行了验证,旨在为褛裳夜蛾性信息素的精确提取及性信息素组份分离、鉴定提供依据。研究结果表明:成虫的求偶、交配行为均发生在暗期,有一定的节律性:雌蛾在羽化3d以后开始求偶,1周左右表现最为强烈,3-4日龄雌蛾在暗期4-6h开始求偶,最大求偶率在暗期6-8h;5-9日龄在进入暗期就开始求偶,最大求偶率出现在暗期4-6h。风洞试验表明,3-7日龄的雄蛾对性腺提取物均有明显的性行为反应,5日龄雄蛾在暗期4-6h对性腺提取物的反应最为强烈。3-6日龄的成虫在暗期4-6h开始交配,而7-8日龄的成虫于暗期2-4h开始交配,6日龄的成虫交配率最高,交配高峰在暗期4-8h。雄蛾对性腺提取物的触角电位反应也有一定的节律性:雄蛾对4日龄雌蛾性腺提取物开始有电生理反应,对6-7日龄暗期5h性腺提取物反应最为强烈。林间诱蛾试验测定了性腺提取物的引诱活性,7日龄雌蛾性腺提取物林间诱蛾量最高,引诱高峰在暗期4-6h,该结果也验证了褛裳夜蛾雄蛾对性腺提取物的反应节律。     

MALE ORIENTATION INHIBITOR OF COTTON BOLLWORM: IDENTIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BY MALE HAIRPENCIL GLANDS1)

Abstract  Extracts of hairpencils ffom male cotton bollworm moth were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, acid methanolysis, and GC-MS. Ten components have been identified as_: 14; OH, 14: Ac, 14: COOH, 211–16: OH, 16: OH, 16: Ac, 16: COOH, 18: OH, 18: Ac, and 18: COOH. Based on the statistics of titer of each chemical, the total amount of three saturated alcohols is over 75%. The amounts of the chemicals in the hairpencils are related to the age of males. There are no chemicals identified in the extracts from males less than 10 h after eclosion, then the quantity of compounds increased rapidly during 48 h after adult eclosion. After 5 days, the quantity decreased.     

Identification of the sex pheromone of Isoceras sibirica Alpheraky (Lepidoptera, Cossidae)

We discovered that extracts of the female sex pheromone gland of the carpenterworm moth Isoceras sibirica Alpheraky, a pest of Asparagus officinalis Linn., contained (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-ol (Z7-14:OH), (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z9-14:OH), (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14:Ac), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), and (Z)-9-hexadecadecenyl acetate (Z9-16:Ac). The average levels of the chemicals in a single sex pheromone gland of a calling moth were (0.71 +/- 0.24) ng, (1.42 +/- 0.44) ng, (4.36 +/- 0.32) ng, (8.71 +/- 0.26) ng, and (0.82 +/- 0.38) ng, respectively. The electroantennography (EAG) analysis of these chemicals and their analogues demonstrated that Z9-14:Ac triggered significantly the male EAG response. Traps with rubber septa lure impregnated with Z9-14:Ac (500 microg/septum), Z7-14:Ac (250 microg/septum), and Z9-16:Ac (50 microg/septum) were more effective in catching male moths than traps with other baits or virgin females. Addition of Z7-14:OH and Z9-14:OH to rubber septa did not enhance the efficiency of the trap.     

雄性白杨透翅蛾单个嗅觉感受细胞对性信息素的反应(英文)

电生理学记录表明,雄性白杨透翅蛾触角的一个毛形感器中,存在两类性信息素感受细胞。A型感受细胞对性信息素的主要组分E_3,Z_(13)-18:OH发放大振幅的神经脉冲;B型感受细胞对次要组分的侯选化合物Z_3,Z_(13)-18:Ac发放小振幅的神经脉冲,尚需作野外试验和行为反应试验证明其为性信息素的次要组分;选择性适应试验证明A型和B型感受细胞互不适应:Z_3,Z_(13)-18:Ac和E_3,E_(13)-18:Ac是兴奋同种类型的感受细胞,E_3,Z_(13)-18:Ac是一种性信息素组分类似物。     

MALE ORIENTATION INHIBITOR OF COTTON BOLLWORM: INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLS IN WIND-TUNNEL AND IN THE FIELD*

Abstract The inhibitory effects of several alcohols identified from male hairpencil of cotton bollworm on conspecific male behavior responses were studied. In the wind tunnel dose tests ranging from 4 × lo^p4 to 40 pg, male moths of cotton bollworm produced the highest response to the binary components of 29–16: Ald and Z11 —16: Ald in a ratio of 5 : 95 at the dosage of 0.4 μg. When 211–16:OH was added to 0.4 μg dose of binary blend, 5% of the alcohol completely inhibited male orientation behavior. Further increment of percentage of alcohol in binary blend inhibited not only orientation behavior but also takeoff behavior. Comparisons among 211 —16: OH and other three saturated alcohols, 14 : OH, 16 : OH, and 18 : OH as well as structurally similar compound Z9–16: OH indicated that Z11–16: OH was more effective in inhibiting male orientation behavior than other tested alcohols. Field application of 211–16: OH decreased egg hatch rate from untreated 34% to 17% by spraying or coating the alcohal on plastic tubes.     

Oddity in diel periodicity of Ditula angustiorana (Haw.) (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) female calling behaviour,pheromone titre and reproductive activity

The diel periodicity of female calling behaviour in Ditula angustiorana (Haw.) was studied under laboratory conditions. Observations throughout photophases and scotophases showed that D. angustiorana females presented a rare diurnal calling behaviour with two distinct calling periods, one at the first part of the photophase (L+5) and another one at the end (L+14). Mating only occurred during the second calling period (L+14). Five components were identified in extracts of the pheromone glands: Z10–14:Ac, 14:Ac, Z10–14:OH, Z8–14:Ac, Z8–14:OH in the average ratio of 74.1/18.2/4.8/2.2/0.6 respectively. The blend ratio remains similar throughout the photoperiod, whilst the total quantity of pheromone components reached a maximum during the calling period overlapping the mating period (L+14). Wind tunnel experiment confirms that the synthetic blend baited with the identified pheromone components was as attractive as calling females for males. The particular chemical structure of the components within Tortricidae and the particular occurrence of the two calling periods, one not matching any reproductive behaviour are discussed in terms of phylogeny and sexual selection.     

Identification of the sex pheromone of Copitarsia decolora (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Chemical and electrophysiological analyses and field trials were used to identify the female sex pheromone of Copitarsia decolora (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of the female gland extract showed the presence of two EAD-active peaks, which were identified by GC-mass spectrometric (MS) analysis as (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac) and (Z)-9-tetradecenol (Z9-14:OH). The field evaluation of the EAD-active compounds indicated that traps baited with either Z9-14:Ac or Z9-14:OH caught few males. In contrast, traps baited with the binary blend of both components caught significantly more males than traps baited with the single compounds. Captures in traps baited with a mixture of Z9-14:Ac and Z9 -14:OH at 4:1, 10:1, and 100:1 ratios were not significantly different from the catches in traps baited with virgin females. Few males were captured in traps baited with a blend of Z9-14:Ac and Z9-14:OH at 1:4, 1:10, and 1:100 ratios.     

RESPONSES OF SINGLE OLFACTORY RECEPTOR CELL TO SEX PHEROMONES IN MALE MOTH PARANTHRENE TABANZFORMIS

Abstract Electrophysiological recording showed two types of pheromone receptor cell in one sensillum trichodeum of the male Paranthrene tabani formis . Type A receptor cell fired larger nerve impulse to the major pheromone component E₃, Z₁₃,-18:OH; type B receptor cell fired smaller nerve impulse to the candidate compound of minor pheromone component Z₃, Z₁₃-18:Ac. Pheromonal effect should be tested still in field and behavior response. The selective adaptation demonstrated that Z₃, Z₁₃,-18:Ac and E₃, Z₁₃-18: Ac excited the same receptor cell. E₃, Z₁₃-18:Ac was an analog of pheromone.