生物遗传资源的元所有权、衍生所有权和修饰权

本文探讨了生物遗传资源的元所有权与衍生所有权、生物遗传资源的修饰权概念。所谓生物遗传资源的元所有权即对生物遗传资源的载体——生物体、生殖细胞以及生物的遗传信息都拥有的所有权。生物遗传资源的衍生所有权即在一种生物遗传资源被商业修饰后,那些对这种生物遗传资源拥有元所有权的国家仍拥有的部分所有权利。目前生物资源获取与惠益分享中的许多混乱是因为未能区分生物遗传资源的元所有权与衍生所有权。对任何生物遗传资源的修饰应本着“尊重生命”的原则,这个原则与《生物多样性公约》序言中强调的“意识到生物多样性的内在价值”的观点一致,生物多样性的内禀价值既包括物种的生存价值,也包括物种生存价值的外延,即物种个体的生存价值。行使生物遗传资源的修饰权还应本着“保存”、“善意修饰”、“预防恶意修饰”的掌握,以及促进人类福祉的原则,如增加农作物产量、降低有害物质含量、增加作物和家畜的抗病性、有益生态环境保护等等。人类自身的生物遗传资源的修饰权由人类的多数公意决定或国家行使。对任何生物遗传资源的修饰还应防止有意危害人类、野生生物的遗传结构稳定、甚至在实验室创造新的、自然界原本不存在的有害生物的恶意修饰。     

Left bundle,right diagnosis

Netherlands Heart Journal -     

Being at the right place at the right time

I am tremendously honored to receive the 2012 Women in Cell Biology Junior Award. In this essay, I recount my career path over the past 15 years. Although many details are specific to my own experiences, I hope that some generalizations can be made to encourage more women to pursue independent scientific careers. Mine is a story of choosing a captivating question, making the most of your opportunities, and finding a balance with life outside the lab.It is a great honor to have been awarded the 2012 Women in Cell Biology Junior Award from the ASCB. Looking back at the 15 years I have spent doing research in cell biology, my overwhelming feeling is that it has been and still is a lot of fun. I am extremely fortunate to have a job that I truly enjoy and that gives me complete intellectual freedom. My lab choices over the years were motivated by scientific curiosity and enthusiasm for new environments and topics, rather than by career building. It is thus truly amazing to be rewarded for (rather a lot of) work enjoyed.     

Being in the right location at the right time

Taking each coding sequence from the human genome in turn and identifying the subcellular localization of the corresponding protein would be a significant contribution to understanding the function of each of these genes and to deciphering functional networks. This article highlights current approaches aimed at achieving this goal.     

To be at the right place at the right time

Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease through MRI neuroimaging biomarkers has been used as a complementary marker for traditional clinical markers to improve diagnostic accuracy and also help in developing new pharmacotherapeutic trials. It has been revealed that longitudinal analysis of the whole brain atrophy has the power of discriminating Alzheimer's disease and elderly normal controls. In this work, effect of involving intermediate atrophy rates and impact of using uncorrelated principal components of these features instead of original ones on discriminating normal controls and Alzheimer's disease subjects, is inspected. In fact, linear discriminative analysis of atrophy rates is used to classify subjects into Alzheimer's disease and controls. Leave-one-out cross-validation has been adopted to evaluate the generalization rate of the classifier along with its memorization. Results show that incorporating uncorrelated version of intermediate features leads to the same memorization performance as the original ones but higher generalization rate. As a conclusion, it is revealed that in a longitudinal study, using intermediate MRI scans and transferring them to an uncorrelated feature space can improve diagnostic accuracy.