EPHIPPIA OF CLADOCERA FROM THE TERTIARY OF CHINA

The present paper deals with the fossil ephip-pia of Cladocera obtained separately from theShahejie(Late Eocene to Oligocene)and Dongying(Oligocene)Formations in the coastal region ofthe Bohai Sea,the 2nd and 3rd members of theHetaoyuan Formation(Late Eocene to Oligocene)in Southwest and Central Henan,the Shangzashaimember of the Anjihaihe Formation(Eocene toOligocene)in the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang andthe Linxia Formation(Pliocene)in the Jingyuanarea in Gansu.They contain 8 new species and 2indeterminable species assigned to 3 genera(Daph-nia,ceriodaphnia and Simocephalus)of the fami-ly Daphnidae.     

甘肃党河下游地区早渐新世哺乳动物化石的发现

描述了产于党河下游地区的狍牛泉组下部地层中的叮当沟哺乳动物群。化石共计 1 1属 1 4种 :Palaeoscaptorcf.P .acridens、Palaeoscaptorsp .、Oligosciurusdangheensisgen .etsp .nov.、Tataromyscf.T .sigmodon、Karakoromysdecessus、Coelodontomysasiaticus、Parasminthusspp .、Cricetidaegen .etsp .indet.、Desmatolagusgobiensis、D .pusillus、Allaceropssp .、Schizotheriumordo sium和Parabrachyodussp .。党河鲜松鼠 (新属、新种 )的主要特征是个体较小而原始 ,下颌骨咬肌窝前缘达m2下方 ;冠状突前缘近于垂直 ,起于m2后部下方 ,颊齿齿冠很低 ,臼齿具明显的下内尖、下次脊和下中附尖 ,但无下中尖。上述化石的已知时代分布表明 ,狍牛泉组下部的叮当沟哺乳动物群的时代为早渐新世     

Genomic diversity of chickpea-nodulating rhizobia in Ningxia (north central China) and gene flow within symbiotic Mesorhizobium muleiense populations

Diversity and taxonomic affiliation of chickpea rhizobia were investigated from Ningxia in north central China and their genomic relationships were compared with those from northwestern adjacent regions (Gansu and Xinjiang). Rhizobia were isolated from root-nodules after trapping by chickpea grown in soils from a single site of Ningxia and typed by IGS PCR-RFLP. Representative strains were phylogenetically analyzed on the basis of the 16S rRNA, housekeeping (atpD, recA and glnII) and symbiosis (nodC and nifH) genes. Genetic differentiation and gene flow were estimated among the chickpea microsymbionts from Ningxia, Gansu and Xinjiang. Fifty chickpea rhizobial isolates were obtained and identified as Mesorhizobium muleiense. Their symbiosis genes nodC and nifH were highly similar (98.4 to 100%) to those of other chickpea microsymbionts, except for one representative strain (NG24) that showed low nifH similarities with all the defined Mesorhizobium species. The rhizobial population from Ningxia was genetically similar to that from Gansu, but different from that in Xinjiang as shown by high chromosomal gene flow/low differentiation with the Gansu population but the reverse with the Xinjiang population. This reveals a biogeographic pattern with two main populations in M. muleiense, the Xinjiang population being chromosomally differentiated from Ningxia-Gansu one. M. muleiense was found as the sole main chickpea-nodulating rhizobial symbiont of Ningxia and it was also found in Gansu sharing alkaline-saline soils with Ningxia. Introduction of chickpea in recently cultivated areas in China seems to select from alkaline-saline soils of M. muleiense that acquired symbiotic genes from symbiovar ciceri.     

甘肃临夏盆地的渐新世巨犀化石

描述了 2种巨犀化石 :霍尔果斯准噶尔巨犀 (Dzungariotheriumorgosense)和牙沟副巨犀(新种 ) (Paraceratheriumyagouensesp .nov.)。新种的主要特征是 :个体小 ;上颊齿齿冠高 ,有薄层白垩质覆盖 ;DP2～M1反前刺大 ,原尖后收缩沟明显 ,次尖有深的前收缩沟 ,中谷和后凹中常有附属小柱等。巨犀的演化历史可能比过去想象的更复杂。Indricotherium、Dzungariotherium和Paraceratherium为代表不同进化水平和支系的 3个属 ,不应合并为Paraceratherium一属。牙沟含巨犀化石层位的地质时代为晚渐新世。     

新疆柯坪和甘肃平凉上奥陶统底部附近的牙形刺

新疆柯坪大湾沟和甘肃平凉官司庄剖面是Nemagraptusb gracilis带及上奥陶统底界的重要剖面,研究这两剖面的牙形刺具有十分重要的意义。本文描述了采自新疆柯坪大湾沟和甘肃平凉官司庄剖面上奥陶统底界附近的牙形刺共13属18种。     

DISCOVERY OF TWO MID-TERTIARY MAMMALIAN FAUNAS FROM HAIYUAN, NINGXIA, CHINA

Inl988-199otheRegionalGeologicalSurveyTeamoftheGeologicalBureauofNingxia(RGSN)foundsomefossilmammalsinthelowerpartoftheHo11g1iugouFormationandtheupperpartoftheOligocene.Inl992ajointteamoflnstituteofVertebratePaleontologyandPaleoanthropo1ogy,AcademiaSinica(IVPP),andtheRGSNwenttoHaiyuailCountyandcollectedmorefossilmamma1sfromtheYuanjia-wowoareausi11gascreen-washingmethodThemammalfaunafromthelowerpartoftheHongliugouFormationiscomposedofAprotodonsp.,Indricotheriidaeindet.,Rhinoceroti…     

临夏盆地的新生代地层及其哺乳动物化石证据

临夏盆地的新生代地层相当发育 ,保存了从渐新世至全新世的连续沉积序列。更为重要的是 ,这些沉积物中含有丰富的哺乳动物化石 ,为划分和对比临夏盆地的新生代地层提供了可靠的证据。然而 ,此前关于这个盆地地层层序和时代的认识有许多矛盾之处 ,地层命名繁复 ,化石证据混乱。近年来我们对临夏盆地的野外考察已理清了沉积序列 ,并在充分的哺乳动物化石证据的基础上重新厘定了各个岩石地层单位所对应的地质时代。临夏盆地的新生代哺乳动物化石以晚渐新世的巨犀动物群、中中新世的铲齿象动物群、晚中新世的三趾马动物群和早更新世的真马动物群最为丰富。     

中药贝母类的资源利用研究

贝母为传统中药,中国药典（1990）收载了川贝母（Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don.)、暗紫贝母（F. unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia)、甘肃贝母（F.przeuxalskii Maxim ex Batak.）、梭砂贝母（F.delapayiFranch.）、浙贝母（F.thambergii Miq.）和平贝母（F.ussuriensis Maxim）.等8种。最近对四川、甘肃、新疆、湖北、浙江和江苏等省区的药源调查结果表明,各地药用的贝母有25个种和变种,其中最常用的有暗紫贝母、甘肃贝母、梭砂贝母、伊贝母、新疆贝母、托理贝母、平贝母和湖北贝母。20余种贝母所含生物碱的TLC和HPLC分析结果表明各种贝母所含生物碱有一定区别,并与产地有关,产于湖北、浙江和江苏省的种类都含有去氢贝母碱,大多含贝母碱和异贝母碱;产于四川、甘肃和新疆的种类都含有西贝素和去氢梭砂贝母碱,大多含茄次碱,产于四川的种类都含去氢川贝碱,产于新疆的种类都含梭砂贝母碱。本研究为建立贝母的品质评价方法和开发药用资源提供了科学依据。     

始鼠化石在甘肃省党河地区上渐新统的发现

<正>始鼠科(Ｅｏｍｙｉｄａｅ)是一类已绝灭的小型的鼠类,在古近纪和新近纪时广布全北区,以北美(中始新世—晚中新世)和欧洲(早渐新世—晚上新世)发现的化石较丰富。过去在亚洲发现的始鼠化石极少。亚洲的第一个始鼠化石是１９８２年才发现的(郑绍华等,１９８２)。２０世纪９０年代以来,在亚洲陆续发现了一些始鼠化石,表明从中始新世到上新世时在亚洲已有始鼠生存过(Ｗａｎｇ ａｎｄ Ｅｍｒｙ,１９９０;Ｑｉｕ,１９９４,１９９６;Ｔｏｍｉｄａａｎｄ Ｓｅｔｏｇｕｃｈｉ,１９９４;Ｅｍｒｙ ｅｔ     

长尾小蜂属二新种(膜翅目:长尾小蜂科)

记述采自新疆皮山和甘肃文县的长尾小蜂属Torymus Dalman 2新种：宽翅长尾小蜂Torymus latialatus,sp．nov．和甘肃长尾小蜂Torymus gansuensis,sp．nov．。模式标本保存在浙江大学应用昆虫学研究所。     

陕西省苹果蠹蛾阻截防控实践与入侵路径分析

苹果蠹蛾是威胁果业生产的检疫性有害生物,已在新疆、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、黑龙江、辽宁、吉林等7个省发生分布。陕西省是我国主要的苹果优质产区,阻截苹果蠹蛾向陕西扩散是保护陕西乃至全国果业生产的重要举措。通过对陕西苹果蠹蛾入侵风险、阻截防控过程取得的数据进行分析,明确了入侵路径,探讨防控策略。由新疆、甘肃、宁夏等地果汁加工原料果携带幼虫远距离方式传入陕西的风险较大;由甘肃、宁夏等地经过陕西西部果区自然传播方式进入陕西的风险加剧。提出加强果汁企业监管,拒绝携带苹果蠹蛾果品进入非疫区,是防止远距离传播的最有效措施;做好自然传播的防控策略与措施研究,已迫在眉睫。     

葡萄生长季内需水特征

为了定量评估我国鲜食葡萄主产区降水量对葡萄生长发育过程需水量的满足程度,本研究基于研究区域内(东北地区的吉林和辽宁,华北地区的山西和河北,西北地区的甘肃、宁夏和陕西,西南地区的四川、贵州和云南以及东南地区的江苏、山东、浙江、安徽、福建、河南、湖北、湖南和广西)1981—2016年429个气象站逐日气象数据,分析葡萄不同生育阶段降水量、需水量和水分亏缺量时空分布特征。结果表明: 研究期间,葡萄各生育阶段降水量整体由北向南、由西向东增加;萌芽-开花阶段的降水量最少且呈下降趋势,成熟-落叶阶段也呈下降趋势,开花-着色和着色-成熟阶段呈上升趋势。研究区各生育阶段的葡萄需水量均呈上升趋势,新疆和甘肃省北部的葡萄需水量最高。新疆、甘肃省北部、宁夏、陕西省北部、山西省北部、河北省、辽宁省西部和吉林省西部各生育阶段以及云南省北部、四川省南部萌芽-开花生育阶段的降水量无法满足葡萄需水量,其他地区,特别是我国东南和西南部部分地区水分盈余明显;萌芽-开花和成熟-落叶阶段的葡萄水分亏缺量呈上升趋势,开花-着色和着色-成熟阶段呈下降趋势。     

西北方头甲科两新种(鞘翅目)(英文)

本文记述产于新疆和甘肃的方头甲科昆虫两新种CybocephalusaksuensisTian ,sp .nov .和Cybo cephaluskuangiTian ,sp .nov .,模式标本存放在华南农业大学昆虫标本室。阿克苏方头甲 (新种 )Cybo cephalusaksuensisTian ,sp .nov .体长 :0 90— 1 0 2mm (不包括下弯的头部 ) ,宽 0 70— 0 83mm。体黑褐色到黑色 ,体表具较弱铜绿色油脂状光泽 ,密被明显而细致刻纹。正模 :♂ ,新疆阿克苏阿拉尔 ,196 6 VI 18,廖定熹采于红柳树上 ,为盾蚧之捕食性天敌。副模 :10♂♂ 9♀♀ ,同上。新种与C .au rocupreusReitter ,190 0较近似 ,但其前胫节不明显斜截 ,雄性外生殖器基片端部较阔 ,阳茎较为粗壮 ,可以区别。匡氏方头甲 (新种 )CybocephaluskuangiTian ,sp .nov .体长 :1 10— 1 11mm (不包括下弯的头部 ) ,宽 0 91— 0 99mm。正模 :♂ ,甘肃省敦煌县三危乡胜利村 ,1972 VII 17,匡海源采于杨树上。副模 :7♂♂ 7♀♀ ,同正模。本种与产于新疆的阿克苏方头甲C .aksuensisTian ,sp .nov .很相似 ,但前者前胫节较短而壮 ,雄性外生殖器式片前缘具一些纤毛 ,阳茎结构也明显不同。     

Early Tertiary fossil plants and paleoclimate of Lanzhou Basin

Fossil plants from the lower part of Xianshuihe Formation in the Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province were studied. The flora contains 29 species, representing 20 genera and 12 families, which include Lauraceae ( Daphnogene ), Lardizabalaceae ( Akebia ), Berberidaceae ( Berberis ), Ulmaceae ( Planera, Ulmus, Zelkova ), Betulaceae ( Alnus, Carpinus ), Myricaceae( Myrica ), Salicaceae ( Populus, Salix), Myrsinaceae(Ardisia), Rosaceae ( Prunus, Sorbus, Sorbaria, Spiraea ), Leguminosae ( Gleditsia, Sophora), Anacardiaceae (Rhus), Caprifoliaceae(Viburnum). An analysis of the floristic elements and their foliar physiognomy shows that most members of the flora are deciduous broad-leaved trees or shrubs with a few evergreen shrubs. The most noteworthy species is Rhus turcomanica which was present in the Middle Eocene to Late Eocene of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan). Generally, Rhus turcomanica occurred at the same beds as Palibinia, an extinct fossil plant whose presence indicates a subtropical dry climate. Another species, Sorbaria callicomifolia Kornilova was present from the Early Oligocene to Early Miocene of Central Asia (Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan). According to an analysis of spores and pollen, this flora contains over 20 species. It is predominated by the angiosperm pollen. There appeared Ephedripites and Nitrariadites which were important elements in the dry area. Ephedripites was found from the Upper Cretaceous to Early Tertiary. Nitrariadites occurred in the Late Miocene, whereas Rhus turcomanica and Sorbaria callicomifolia were both reported in the subtropical dry area from the Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene. The latest record of Rhus turcomanica is from the Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene of Central Asia. The presence of this element in the lower part of Xianshuihe Formation may indicate that itsage is the latest stage of the Early Oligocene.     

兰州盆地早第三纪植物及古气候意义

化石采自甘肃省兰州盆地咸水河组底部,经研究认为有29种,归属20属12科。它们是：樟科 Lauraceae (Daphnogene),木通科Lardizabalaceae(Akebia),小檗科Berberidaceae(Berberis),榆科Ulmaceae (Planera,Ulmus,Zelkova),桦木科Betulaceae(Alnus,Carpinus),杨梅科Myricaceae(Myrica),杨柳科Sali- caceae(Populus,Salix),紫金牛科Myrsinacese(Ardisia),蔷薇科Rosaceae (Prunus,Sorbus,Sorbaria,Spir- aea),豆科Leguminosae(Gleditsia,Sophora),漆树科 Anacardiaceae(Rhus),忍冬科Caprifoliaceae(Viburnum) 等。经植物区系组成与叶相分析显示,该植物区系的大多数成员是落叶阔叶乔、灌木,少数为常绿灌木。其中特殊的分子是 Rhus turcomanica Korov．ex Vassilvesk,该成分是早第三纪中、晚期的标志化石植物。另一化石植物 Sorbaria callicomifolia Kornilova曾出现在中亚的早渐新世,最晚至早中新世。同一层位采集的孢粉样分析结果显示：该组合仅约20种,种类相对贫乏,并以被子植物的花粉占优势。其中出现裸子植物的麻黄粉,被子植物的白刺粉及蒿粉等,这几个类型均指示沉积时期经历干旱气候。综合植物大化石及孢粉分析研究,均出现一些指示气候为亚热带干旱或周期性干旱气候的特点,并据Rhus turcomanica出现的最晚记录,推测咸水河组底部的地质时代大约是早渐新世晚期。     

TWO NEW SPECIES OF CYBOCEPHALIDAE (COLEOP-TERA) FROM NORTHWEST CHINA

Abstract  Two species of CybocePhalus Erichson (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae), C. aksuensis from Xinjiang. and C. kuangi from Gansu, China, are described as new to science in this paper. The type specimens are preserved in the Insect Collections of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.     

中国西北地区天然胡杨群体遗传多样性及核心保护单元的构建

胡杨(Populus euphratica)是极端干旱荒漠区的珍稀乔木树种。为了确定天然胡杨群体遗传多样性保护单元并挖掘优异的种质资源, 本研究以中国西北地区新疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古的58个天然胡杨群体为研究对象, 利用120个位点的SNPs标记对这些胡杨群体进行群体遗传结构和遗传多样性分析, 并根据不同群体间Nei’s遗传相似度, 采用逐步聚类优先取样法对初始群体、遗传多样性保护单元和剩余群体进行t检验。群体结构和主成分分析表明, 胡杨群体可分为新疆南疆(SX)、新疆北疆(NX)、青海(QH)和混合群(甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古混合群, GNM) 4个分支, 遗传多样性分析表明新疆南疆(SX)遗传多样性高于其他群体。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明天然胡杨群体的遗传变异主要分布在各个群体内。构建了天然胡杨群体一级核心保护单元3个群体(CU3), 二级核心保护单元33个群体(CU33)。南疆存在较多优异抗逆的天然胡杨古树资源, 南疆分布区的平均遗传多样性水平最高。综上所述, 南疆地区胡杨古树遗传多样性整体高于北疆及疆外地区, 结合新疆地区干旱严重指数等生境信息, 建议加大对南疆胡杨古树群体的保护力度, 重视北疆胡杨林的更新换代。     

肩盲蝽属中国种类记述(半翅目:盲蝽科)(英文)

本文为肩盲蝽属Allorhinocoris Reuter盲蝽科盲蝽亚科在中国的首次报道。共记载两种:分布于新疆的黄绿肩盲蝽A. flavus J. Sahlberg和发现于甘肃、山西、河北的新种中国肩盲蝽A. chinensis Lu,sp. noV.。文中附有中国种类检索表。模式标本存南开大学生物系。     

中国西北地区青霉及其有性型初报

本文报道分离自中国西北地区—新疆、青海、甘肃和陕西的青霉菌Penicillium及其有性型正青霉Eupenicillium和篮状菌Talaromyces共47种,包括三个中国新记录种: 皮壳正青霉Eupenicillium crustaceum,真灰绿正青霉Eupenicillium euglaucum和西奈正青霉Penicillium sinaicum,并对此三个种作了描述并附线条图和子囊孢子的扫描电镜照片。     

THE GENUS ALLORHINOCORIS REUTER FROM CHINA (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)

Abstract  In this paper the mirine genus Allorhinocoris Reuter is reported for the first time in China. Two species are included: A. flavus J. Sahlberg 1878 is recorded from Xinjiang, A. chinensis Lu. sp. nov. is described from Gansu, Shanxi and Hebei. A key to the Chinese species is appended.