葡萄籽中原花青素提取方法优化处理

溶剂提取法是提取葡萄籽原花青素的常用方法 ,然而 ,在不同提取条件下 ,提取效果并不一致。利用水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮及它们的水溶液提取葡萄籽中的原花青素 ,而后用铁盐催化比色法测原花青素含量 ,考察了提取剂的浓度、粉碎度对提取的影响。在优化处理的基础上 ,获得了有效的提取条件 :葡萄籽粉碎度 10 0目 ,提取剂 70 %甲醇水溶液。     

原花青素提取及微胶囊化研究

作为葡萄加工的副产物,葡萄籽中富含葡萄籽油和低聚原花青素。作者利用超临界二氧化碳萃取葡萄籽后所得的残渣为原料,以含有0.8%醋酸的乙醇溶液为提取剂来提取其中的原花青素,在55℃条件下进行两次重复提取,葡萄籽残渣与提取液的比例控制在1∶8(W/V),每次提取60 min,原料中原花青素的提取率可以达到98.2%;为提高产品的贮藏稳定性,还对以阿拉伯胶与麦芽糊精组合作为原花青素微胶囊壁材来进行微胶囊化的工艺进行研究,结果表明在阿拉伯胶占壁材40%、芯壁材比为3∶7,混合液中固形物含量为20%的条件下,经喷雾干燥后所得原花青素的产率为88.84%,微胶囊化效率达到99.2%。检测结果表明,原花青素紫外吸收光谱在微胶囊化前后没有变化,而其贮藏稳定性得到提高。     

超临界CO2萃取刺葡萄籽原花青素的工艺研究

刺葡萄(Vitis davidii Foex．)是属于葡萄属东亚种群的一个种,在湖南西部和南部的山区分布广泛,资源丰富,其果实酸甜、风味浓,但其果粒小,种子多,从种子中提取天然活性物质——原花青素的前景可能更为广阔。目前关于刺葡萄的研究报道少,为此本文以“紫秋”刺葡萄种子为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验,探讨了超临界CO2萃取刺葡萄籽原花青素的工艺。研究结果表明,超临界CO2萃取刺葡萄籽原花青素的适宜工艺条件为:萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度55℃,料液比1:0．8,60％的乙醇为夹带剂,在此条件下,原花青素的产率为17．58 mg/100g,纯度可达89．7％。     

山葡萄籽中原花青素的提取

研究了提取溶剂、温度、时间、料液比4个因素对山葡萄籽中原花青素得率的影响.确定最佳提取工艺以70%丙酮为提取剂,在60℃条件下,提取120 min,料液比为17,原花青素的得率为2.31%     

山葡萄籽中原花青素的提取

研究了提取溶剂、温度、时间、料液比4个因素对山葡萄籽中原花青素得率的影响。确定最佳提取工艺：以70％丙酮为提取荆,在60℃条件下,提取120min,料液比为1：7,原花青素的得率为2．31％     

超声集成双水相体系提取葡萄籽中的原花青素

采用响应面优化超声集成双水相体系提取葡萄籽中的原花青素最佳工艺条件.首先利用Plackett-Burmart(PB)实验设计对6个相关因素进行了筛选,结果表明,乙醇质量分数、硫酸铵质量分数和超声时间对葡萄籽中原花青素提取率影响较大.用最陡爬坡试验及Box-Benhnken设计进一步优化,利用Design-Expert软件进行二次回归分析,得出主要因素最佳条件为:按乙醇质量分数21.45％,硫酸铵质量分数23.46％配制双水相,在料液比1∶7,50℃温度下超声提取45.46 min,原花青素的提取率可达30.23％,分配系数可达11.5,提取率比优化前提高了6倍.     

葡萄籽原花青素对白色念珠菌抑菌作用的体外研究

目的研究葡萄籽原花青素对白色念珠菌的抑菌作用,通过观察其对生物膜活性的影响,探讨其在口腔微生态中变化的意义。方法采用MTT法确定葡萄籽原花青素体外对白色念珠菌的抑菌作用,激光共聚焦显微镜观察不同浓度药物作用后的效果,并进行红绿荧光染色定量分析。结果与阴性对照组相比,最小抑菌浓度为32 mg/m L,在所实验的浓度范围内随着药物浓度的增加抑菌性逐渐增大,CLSM观察,葡萄籽原花青素作用于白色念珠菌生物膜后可使生物膜内活菌比例下降,生物膜活性降低。结论葡萄籽原花青素对白色念珠菌起到了明显的抑制作用。     

原花青素对亚硝化反应的抑制作用研究

研究了葡萄籽原花青素的最佳提取条件,及其对亚硝化反应的抑制作用。结果表明：原花青素的最佳提取条件为60％乙醇,料液比1：5,50℃水浴回流1h,其对亚硝胺合成的最大阻断率为91．2％,对亚硝酸钠的最大清除率为88．3％。     

葡萄籽原花青素对糖尿病大鼠肾脏Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的探讨葡萄籽原花青素对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用以及对肾皮质血管紧张素Ⅱ(ANGⅡ)和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响。方法清洁级雄性SD大鼠,链脲佐菌素诱导大鼠糖尿病模型,随机将大鼠分为正常对照组、糖尿病组和葡萄籽原花青素治疗组,每组10只,葡萄籽原花青素治疗组使用葡萄籽原花青素500mg/(kg·d)灌胃,余给予等量生理盐水。4周后,检测血糖、血尿素氮、血肌酐和肾皮质Na+-K+-ATP酶活性,放免法检测24h尿微量蛋白、血浆和肾组织ANGⅡ。结果与正常组比较,糖尿病大鼠血糖、蛋白尿、血肌酐、血尿素氮升高,血浆和肾组织ANGⅡ升高,肾皮质Na+-K+-ATP酶活性降低;与DM组相比,葡萄籽原花青素治疗组微量蛋白尿、血肌酐、血尿素氮减轻,血浆和肾组织ANGⅡ降低,肾皮质Na+-K+-ATP酶活性升高。结论葡萄籽原花青素可用于治疗早期糖尿病肾病,可能通过改变Na+-K+-ATP酶活性保护糖尿病大鼠的肾脏。     

葡萄籽原花青素提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

为了研究葡萄籽原花青素提取物(Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extracts,GSPE)对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用及其机制,本文中采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(ALX)构建糖尿病动物模型.造模成功后,将糖尿病小鼠分为模型对照组、格列本脲处理组、葡萄籽原花青素提取物低、中、高三个剂量(50、100、150 mg/kg)处理组,另设正常对照组.连续灌胃给药21天,每天一次,以糖尿病小鼠的体重、血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性胰岛素水平、空腹血糖值和糖耐量为测定指标,研究不同剂量葡萄籽原花青素提取物对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用及机制.结果显示原花青素高剂量组能促进体重增长,显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平和糖耐量(P＜0.01);同时降低糖尿病小鼠血清MDA水平,提高其SOD活性.通过本实验研究可以看出葡萄籽原花青素提取物具有较强的降血糖作用,降糖机制可能与其提高胰岛素水平和抗氧化能力有关.     

The antioxidative function, preventive action on disease and utilization of proanthocyanidins

Proanthocyanidins, which belong to a class of polyphenols, are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Most people ingest trace amounts of proanthocyanidins through foods such as red wine and cranberry juice. However, the functional properties of proanthocyanidins have been little understood. Since 1983, we have studied the antioxidative functions, preventive actions on diseases and utilization of proanthocyanidins. The antioxidative activities of proanthocyanidins were found to be much stronger than vitamin C or vitamin E in aqueous systems. The mechanisms for their antioxidative actions were shown to involve radical scavenging, quenching, and enzyme-inhibiting actions. The preventive actions of proanthcyanidins on diseases relating to reactive oxygen species was examined using animal tests. Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract was showed to have preventive actions on diseases such as atherosclerosis, gastric ulcer, large bowel cancer, cataracts and diabetes. In human intervention trials, grape seed extract was shown to have preventive effects on the increase in lipid peroxides in human plasma after exercise and on muscle fatigue after training. The uses and manufacturing techniques of proanthocyanidin products were subsequently developed. The products were launched as antioxidants in food additives, ingredients in nutritional supplements, and cosmetics.     

Extraction of RNA from tissues containing high levels of procyanidins that bind RNA

Commonly used methods for extraction of RNA from plants are not effective for isolation of high quality RNA from the pigmented seed coats of soybeans that produce procyanidins (tannins) during seed coat development. We demonstrate a significant modification of the phenol-LiCl method that yields high quality RNA from a black seed coat variety. In this method, seed coat material was ground in a buffer containing a high concentration of bovine serum albumin (100 mg BSA/50 mg of lyophilized seed coats) to competitively inhibit proanthocyanidin binding. The presence of hydrated insoluble polyvinylpoly-pyrrolidone (PVPP) was also necessary to bind proanthocyanidins and remove them from solution. Proteinase K was added to digest the remaining BSA, and phenol extraction was used to remove both the proteins and small molecular weight complexes formed by BSA and proanthocyanidins. After LiCl and ethanol precipitations, the RNA quality was examined by UV absorbance spectra, gel electrophoresis, and hybridization. Using this method, good quality RNA can be extracted from pigmented seed coats of soybean varieties that are homozygous for the recessivei allele and also contain the dominantT gene that results in production of procyanidins in the seed coat. The method is also effective for tissues from other plant species that contain abundant polyphenolic compounds.     

葡萄籽油的提取研究

利用葡萄饮料厂生产加工的废料葡萄籽提取葡萄籽油,并对影响葡萄籽油提取率的因素,如提取溶剂的选择、提取温度、提取时间及提取料液比等条件进行研究,初步确定了获得最大提取收率的条件。即:以石油醚(60～90)作为提取剂;提取温度65℃;提取时间为3h;提取料液比为17。并对提取的葡萄籽粗油进行精制。得到具有透明黄色,核桃仁味道的葡萄籽油。     

Antihypertensive and cognitive effects of grape polyphenols in estrogen-depleted, female, spontaneously hypertensive rats

Both endogenous and dietary estrogens reduce hypertension and enhance cognitive abilities in estrogen-depleted female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Many of the beneficial effects of estrogens/phytoestrogens also appear to be provided by other polyphenols (e.g., proanthocyanidins) in grape seed, which lack appreciable estrogenic receptor binding. The present study tested the hypothesis that similar to phytoestrogens, proanthrocyanidins in grape seed polyphenols reduce salt-sensitive hypertension in young, estrogen-depleted SHR. SHR were ovariectomized at 4 wk of age and placed on phytoestrogen-free diets with or without 0.5% grape seed extract added and with high (8.0%) or basal (0.6%) NaCl. After 10 wk on the diets, grape proanthrocyanidin supplementation significantly reduced arterial pressure in the rats fed the basal (10 mmHg) and high (26 mmHg)-NaCl diet, compared with the nonsupplemented controls. In vitro superoxide production was significantly reduced (23%) by the grape seed polyphenols. Spatial learning (8-arm-radial maze) in the SHR on the basal NaCl diets was improved by dietary grape seed polyphenols. These results indicate that grape seed polyphenols decrease arterial pressure in SHR, probably via an antioxidant mechanism.     

Alleviation Effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on Neuronal Apoptosis in Rats with Iron Overload

Biological Trace Element Research - We aimed to evaluate the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPCs) on neuronal apoptosis, particularly through their roles in maintaining divalent mineral...     

Influence of maceration temperature in red wine vinification on extraction of phenolics from berry skins and seeds of grape (Vitis vinifera)

The extraction of phenolics from berry skins and seeds of the grape, Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, during red wine maceration and the influence of different temperature conditions (cold soak and/or heating at the end of maceration) were examined. Phenolics contained mainly in berry skins, viz., anthocyanin, flavonol, and epigallocatechin units within proanthocyanidins, were extracted during the early stage of maceration, whereas those in seeds, viz., gallic acid, flavan-3-ol monomers, and epicatechin-gallate units within proanthocyanidins, were gradually extracted. In addition to their localization, the molecular size and composition of the proanthocyanidins possibly influenced the kinetics of their extraction. Cold soak reduced the extraction of phenolics from the seeds. Heating at the end of maceration decreased the concentration of proanthocyanidins. Thus, modification of the temperature condition during maceration affected the progress of the concentration of phenolics, resulting in an alteration of their make-up in the finished wine.     

Activin,a Grape Seed-derived Proanthocyanidin Extract,Reduces Plasma Levels of Oxidative Stress and Adhesion Molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin) in Systemic Sclerosis

This study evaluated whether a new generation antioxidant Activin derived from the grape seed proanthocyanidins, could reduce the induction of the adhesion molecules as a result of inflammatory response in the plasma of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. SSc patients were divided into two groups: one group was treated with Activin, a grape seed‐derived proanthocyanidins, while the other group served as control. Patients were given Activin 100 mg/day orally for one month after which the blood samples were withdrawn from both groups of the patients. Blood was also taken from normal human volunteers. Plasma was obtained in fasting state between 8 to 9 A.M. from two groups of SSc patients and controls. Soluble adhesion molecules including ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, E‐selectin and P‐selectin as well as malonaldehyde, a marker for oxidative stress, were measured. The results of our study demonstrated up‐regulation of these soluble adhesion molecules except for P‐selectin, in the plasma of the SSc patients compared to those obtained from human volunteers. Activin significantly attenuated the increased expression of these adhesion molecules. In addition, there was a significant increase in the amount of malondialdehyde formation in the plasma of the SSc patients, which was also attenuated by Activin. The results of this study demonstrated that Activin could reduce the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress developed in SSc patients.     

吸附层析法制备低聚原花青素

以AB 8大孔吸附树脂对葡萄籽原花青素粗提物进行了分级分离 ,所得乙酸乙酯洗脱产物总酚含量为 91% ,经高效液相色谱检测 ,酚类物质中单体约 2 8% ,低聚原花青素占 6 4 % ,多聚体仅为 8%。