深圳市龙华地区快速城市化过程中的景观结构研究：城市建设用地？…

利用多时段景观遥感制图信息和景观格局研究方法,对深圳市龙华地区快速城市化过程中城镇建成区和新开发区两种建设用地类型的结构和空间分布特征进行了研究,结果表明,两种类型研究期间斑块数量、平均面积大幅度增加,碎裂化程度不断降低;建成区增长主要有大型居民点持续扩张和独立小斑块不断产生两种模式。开发区建设的高峰时期是１９９０－１９９４年;受地形和交通等因素的影响,建成区一直表现出显著宏观异质性分布特征,但孔     

Characteristics of built-up land change in resource-based cities and their impact on land surface temperature—Taking Wu'an as an example

The effects of built-up land on land surface temperature (LST) and its spatial patterns remain poorly understood over resource-based cities. Using Landsat-5,8 satellite imagery of Wu'an, a resource-based city in China, from 2001, 2007, and 2015, this paper classified the land use types and calculated the percentage of built-up land (PLAND). Changes in built-up land and their effects on the distribution of LST were analyzed through statistics and regression analysis. Statistical results showed that the amount of built-up land in 2007 and 2015 increased significantly compared with 2001. The same PLAND level increased LST more in 2007 and 2015. Furthermore, PLAND = 35% split the heating effects of PLAND on LST. The LST in areas with high PLAND (PLAND >35%) was mainly impacted by the local built-up land. However, the LST in the areas with low PLAND (PLAND <35%) was mainly correlated with the built-up land of areas with high PLAND. The results of regression analysis showed that the k value (slope of the correlation analysis) in 2007 and 2015 was larger than that in 2001, indicating the local heating effects of built-up land on LST. The spatial regression analysis results revealed that there was a closer spatial correlation between PLAND and LST in 2015, and built-up land with high PLAND (PLAND >35%) would increase the LST of surrounding built-up land with low PLAND (PLAND <35%). These research results could provide more references for urban expansion in urban design and planning.     

北京城市土地利用/覆盖变化及其对雨洪调节服务的影响

深入认识城市土地利用/覆盖变化对雨洪调节服务的影响对于提升城市生态系统服务和雨洪管理具有重要意义。基于多期Landsat遥感影像,利用混合像元分解与人工目视解译集成的方法提取了北京市1991—2014年的土地利用/覆盖数据,模拟评估了不同降雨情景下的地表产流与雨洪调节服务,并分析了城市建成区的土地利用/覆盖变化对雨洪调节服务的影响。结果表明:1991—2014年,北京城市用地面积增长了1096.53 km²,建成区内不透水面比例上升了9.83%。城市建成区雨洪调节服务总体呈下降趋势,1a、10a、25a和100a一遇降雨情景下平均地表径流调节率分别下降了5.37%、2.40%、1.75%和1.04%,一定程度上加剧了城市的雨洪产流风险。同时,城市新扩张区的土地利用/覆盖变化对雨洪调节服务的影响较老城区更强,贡献度超过84%。建议未来城市新区发展应合理配置不透水地表和绿地空间以提升城市雨洪调节服务。     

景观生态学原理在城市土地利用分类中的应用

根据城市相同土地利用类型具有相似景观格局特征的原理,探讨了融合景观格局特征指数和遥感技术的城市土地利用信息提取的新方法。以北京市五环内建城区为例,研究表明,在斑块类型水平和景观水平上,居住用地和非居住用地内景观斑块的大小、形状、边缘特征、空间连接度、核心区面积特征、多样性、均匀性等特征都有极显著的差异。进一步融合TM遥感影像和这些景观格局特征指数,提取了居民用地和非居民用地类型,总分类精度是79.7%,Kappa系数达到59.8%。研究揭示,景观生态学原理的引入,为传统的遥感技术应用提供了新的思路,在格局复杂的城市土地利用信息提取中有很大的应用发展潜力。     

深圳市龙华地区快速城市化过程中的景观结构研究——城市建设用地结构及异质性特征分析

利用多时段景观遥感制图信息和景观格局研究方法,对深圳市龙华地区快速城市化过程中城镇建成区和新开发区两种建设用地类型的结构和空间分布特征进行了研究.结果表明,两种类型研究期间斑块数量、平均面积大幅度增加,碎裂化程度不断降低;建成区增长主要有大型居民点持续扩张和独立小斑块不断产生两种模式,开发区建设的高峰时期是1990～1994年;受地形和交通等因素的影响,建成区一直表现出显著宏观异质性分布特征,但孔隙度水平不断降低,中小尺度的分布差异仍然比较明显;新开发区受与建成区相同的约束条件限制,同样表现为宏观异质性特征,空间不均匀分布的表现尺度大于建成区.工作区内因城建用地快速膨胀引起的各种生态问题急需通过土利用政策的调整加以解决.     

关中平原城市群扩张对生态用地的多尺度影响

城市扩张与生态空间保护的矛盾是新型城镇化和国土空间规划过程中急需解决的问题之一。作为黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的核心区域,关中平原城市群面临更加严峻的生态和资源胁迫。但相关研究主要对研究区整体的生态环境变化进行测度,少有研究分析城市群发展对生态用地的多尺度影响,且忽略了城市群中土地变化最剧烈,生态受胁迫最严重的城市边缘区。因此,基于土地利用数据,结合土地利用转移矩阵、景观指数、估算城市扩张间接影响的生态用地面积等方法,研究从城市群、重点城市和主要城市边缘区3个尺度分析1990-2018年城镇扩张对生态用地的直接和间接影响。结果表明：（1）关中平原城市群土地利用类型以半生态用地（耕地）为主,面积占比超过40%。而城市边缘区主要以半生态用地和建设用地为主。1990-2018年城市群建设用地面积比例由3.67%增长至5.93%,耕地面积共计减少3032.11 km²,自然生态用地的面积增加628.03 km²。受耕地占补、退耕还林等多重政策的影响,半生态用地和自然生态用地的变化呈现为"拉锯式"发展特征。（2）城市扩张对半生态用地的直接影响大于对自然生态用地的直接影响,各尺度土地利用转移变化大同小异,新增建设用地的主要来源均为耕地,其中城市边缘区的耕地受城镇扩张的挤占最为突出。（3）城市扩张对自然生态用地的间接影响大于直接影响,且不同城市建设用地对自然生态用地的间接影响因耕地补偿机制的不同而有所差异。因此,对关中平原城市群实施"一刀切"的耕地补偿政策实际上并不合理,应当因地制宜,考虑地区土地资源条件,适当调整发展和约束政策,更有利于城市群的可持续发展。     

城市土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响——以淮北市为例

城市是一类以人类活动为中心的社会-经济-自然复合生态系统.城市的快速蔓延及强烈的人类活动显著地改变了城市的土地利用结构,进而严重影响了城市生态系统服务及人居环境.通过遥感、GIS技术及生态系统服务价值评估等方法,对淮北市1987年、2000年和2007年3个时期20a间的土地利用结构及生态系统服务价值的演变进行定量评价.研究结果表明:1987-2007年间淮北市生态用地空间结构和面积发生剧烈变化,生态用地占城市面积的比例由91.45％降低至71.86％.1987-2000年,农田面积大幅度下降,而林地和水体都呈不同程度的增加趋势,建设用地面积增长迅速.2000-2007年,农田面积有所增加,林地和水体面积却明显下降,建设用地总面积虽然没有明显变化,但其聚集度显著增加.20年间,城市生态服务功能的价值呈现先增加后减少的趋势,在2000年达31.32亿元.2000-2007年,以废物处理和水源涵养功能退化最为严重.可见,城市土地利用结构的变化与生态服务功能密切相关,此结果可为淮北市景观格局优化及土地合理调控和管理提供一定的科学依据.     

Land cover dynamics of different topographic conditions in Beijing,China

Topographic conditions play an important role in controlling land cover dynamic processes.In this study,remotely sensed data and the geographic information system were applied to analyze the changes in land cover along topographic gradients from 1978 to 2001 in Beijing,a rapidly urbanized mega city in China.The study was based on five periods of land cover maps derived from remotely sensed data:Landsat MSS for 1978,Landsat TM for 1984,"1992,1996 and 2001,and the digital elevation model (DEM) derived from 1:250,000 topographic map.The whole area was divided into ten land cover types:conifer forest,broadleaf forest,mixed forest,shrub,brushwood,meadow,farmland,built-up,water body and bare land.The results are summarized as follows.(1) Shrub,forest,farmland and builtup consist of the main land cover types of the Beijing area.The most significant land cover change from 1978 to 2001 was the decrease of the farmland and expansion of the builtup area.Farmland decreased from 6354 to 3813 km2 in the 23 years,while the built-up area increased from 421 to 2642 km2.Meanwhile,the coverage of forest increased from 17.2% to 24.7% of the total area.The conversion matrix analysis indicated that the transformation of farmland to the built-up area was the most significant process and afforestation was the primary cause of the replacement of shrub to forest.(2) Topographic conditions are of great importance to the distribution of land cover types and the process of land cover changes.Elevation has an intensive impact on the distribution of land cover types.The area below 100 m mostly consists of farmland and built-up areas,while the area above 100 m is mainly covered by shrub and forest.Shrub has the maximum frequency in areas between 100 and 1000 m,while forest has dominance in areas above 800 m.According to the analysis of land cover changes in different ranges of elevation,the greatest change below 100 m was the process of urbanization.The process of the main land cover change occurred above 100 m was the transformation from shrub to forest.This result was consistent with the vertical change of natural vegetation distribution in Beijing.(3) Slope has a great influence on the distribution of land cover.Farmland and built-up areas are mostly distributed in fiat areas,while shrub and forest occupy steeper areas compared with other land cover types.Forest frequency increased with the increasing slope.Land cover changes differed from the slope gradients.In the plain area,the land cover change occurred as the result of urbanization.With the increasing of the slope gradient,afforestation,which converts shrub to forest,was the process of the primary land cover change.     

Land cover dynamics of different topographic conditions in Beijing, China

Topographic conditions play an important role in controlling land cover dynamic processes. In this study, remotely sensed data and the geographic information system were applied to analyze the changes in land cover along topographic gradients from 1978 to 2001 in Beijing, a rapidly urbanized mega city in China. The study was based on five periods of land cover maps derived from remotely sensed data: Landsat MSS for 1978, Landsat TM for 1984, 1992, 1996 and 2001, and the digital elevation model (DEM) derived from 1:250,000 topographic map. The whole area was divided into ten land cover types: conifer forest, broadleaf forest, mixed forest, shrub, brushwood, meadow, farmland, built-up, water body and bare land. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Shrub, forest, farmland and builtup consist of the main land cover types of the Beijing area. The most significant land cover change from 1978 to 2001 was the decrease of the farmland and expansion of the builtup area. Farmland decreased from 6354 to 3813 km2 in the 23 years, while the built-up area increased from 421 to 2642 km2. Meanwhile, the coverage of forest increased from 17.2% to 24.7% of the total area. The conversion matrix analysis indicated that the transformation of farmland to the built-up area was the most significant process and afforestation was the primary cause of the replacement of shrub to forest. (2) Topographic conditions are of great importance to the distribution of land cover types and the process of land cover changes. Elevation has an intensive impact on the distribution of land cover types. The area below 100 m mostly consists of farmland and built-up areas, while the area above 100 m is mainly covered by shrub and forest. Shrub has the maximum frequency in areas between 100 and 1000 m, while forest has dominance in areas above 800 m. According to the analysis of land cover changes in different ranges of elevation, the greatest change below 100 m was the process of urbanization. The process of the main land cover change occurred above 100 m was the transformation from shrub to forest. This result was consistent with the vertical change of natural vegetation distribution in Beijing. (3) Slope has a great influence on the distribution of land cover. Farmland and built-up areas are mostly distributed in flat areas, while shrub and forest occupy steeper areas compared with other land cover types. Forest frequency increased with the increasing slope. Land cover changes differed from the slope gradients. In the plain area, the land cover change occurred as the result of urbanization. With the increasing of the slope gradient, afforestation, which converts shrub to forest, was the process of the primary land cover change. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(2): 239–251 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

Influences of Different Land Use Spatial Control Schemes on Farmland Conversion and Urban Development

Land use planning is always officially implemented as an effective tool to control urban development and protect farmland. However, its impact on land use change remains untested in China. Using a case study of Hang-Jia-Hu region, the main objective of this paper was to investigate the influence of different land use spatial control schemes on farmland conversion and urban development. Comparisons of farmland conversion and urban development patterns between the urban planning area and the non-urban planning area were characterized by using remote sensing, geographical information systems, and landscape metrics. Results indicated that farmland conversion in the non-urban planning area was more intensive than that in the urban planning area, and that farmland patterns was more fragmented in the non-urban planning area. Built-up land patterns in the non-urban planning area showed a trend of aggregation, while those in the urban planning area had a dual trend of fragmentation and aggregation. Existing built-up areas had less influence on built-up land sprawl in the non-urban planning area than that in the urban planning area. Built-up land sprawl in the form of continuous development in the urban planning area led to farmland conversion; and in the non-urban planning area, built-up land sprawl in the form of leapfrogging development resulted in farmland areal declines and fragmentation. We argued that it is a basic requirement to integrate land use plans in urban and non-urban planning areas for land use planning and management.     

城市化与生态系统服务的空间交互关系研究——以长株潭城市群为例

探索生态系统服务与城市化的空间交互关系为城市发展和保护提供新的视角。以长株潭城市群为例,以其2015年的土地利用、经济社会等数据为基础,利用格网分析和空间自相关模型解析城市化与生态系统服务的空间交互规律。结果表明:(1)长株潭城市群城市化水平空间分布区域差异性显著,城市化水平由高到低依次为城市化地区、正在城市化地区和生态绿心保护区,表现出从城市化地区向周边地区依次递减的态势。(2)受城市化水平和土地利用变化等影响,生态系统服务空间分布具有明显的差异性,并呈现出"中心-外围"逐步升高的趋势。(3)长株潭城市群城市化与各项生态系统服务之间呈显著负相关,由于驱动机制的不同,城市化地区、正在城市化地区和生态绿心保护区的城市化对生态系统服务的影响存在显著差异。(4)长株潭城市群的各项生态系统服务与城市化之间存在四种空间相关类型。高高集聚区和低低集聚区零散分布在整个研究区域,面积较小;高低集聚区分布在湘潭县西南部、株洲县东南部,面积较大;低高集聚区分布集中在城市化地区,呈现块状分布,面积较大。     

曼谷城市扩张生态环境效应

利用1990、2000、2010和2015年4期Landsat数据和2000—2015年的MODIS NDVI数据,开展了泰国曼谷地区近25年来城市扩张分析,包括城市建设用地扩张时空变化和扩张模式分析、扩张的生态环境效应分析以及扩张驱动力分析。结果表明:(1)自1990年以来,曼谷城市建设用地面积持续增长,经历了先快后慢再快的增长过程。城市扩张主要沿东北方向,且在距离城市中心14—20km的范围内扩张最为明显,扩张模式以边缘式和填充式为主。(2)在城市化进程中,植被和热岛对城市扩张分别有不同的响应。植被绿度整体呈下降趋势,下降明显的地区位于距城市中心10—20km的范围内,即城市建设用地明显扩张的区域。热岛分布与城市建成区分布具有空间一致性,自1990s以来,热岛效应整体增强,但局部变异越来越不明显。(3)曼谷城市扩张受到自然地理条件、社会经济、城市布局等多重因素的影响。     

山水林田湖草健康发展时空异质性及其驱动力——以广西北部湾经济区为例

深入评估典型资源要素生态健康的时空异质性及其社会经济自然驱动机理,对实现可持续发展目标具有重要意义。然而,探究区域山水林田湖草(海)健康发展时空异质性及其驱动力的研究案例较少。广西北部湾经济区覆盖内陆与沿海6市,定位为生态环境综合治理先行区。以此为研究区,运用正态云模型、Dagum基尼系数、主成分分析和时空地理加权回归等模型,在综合评价的基础上,分析其2005-2020年山水林田湖草(海)健康发展的时空异质性,并依据系统论深入解析驱动力。结果表明:(1)除北海市的山水林田湖草(海)为亚健康外,其他均为健康状态,经济区内陆3市健康指数的基尼系数(0.095)高于沿海3市(0.016),存在时空非均衡性,超变密度(46.71%)和市域间差异(44.93%)是主要原因;(2)影响健康发展的驱动因子主要为:城镇土地利用率(0.427)>城乡居民可支配收入(0.397)>年均降水量(0.377)>房地产开发投资规模(-0.333)>建成区绿化覆盖度(0.261);(3)影响健康发展的驱动要素表现为:土地投入程度(0.611)>土地利用程度(0.442)>经济城镇化(-0.393)>自然条件(0.23),各因素均存在时空非平稳性。研究表明土地集约利用、城镇化发展和自然环境条件是广西北部湾经济区山水林田湖草(海)健康发展的主要驱动力,表现为自然环境条件起基础保障、土地集约利用起正向促进、经济城镇化起负向抑制的作用机理,提高城镇土地利用率、提升城乡居民可支配收入、扩大建成区绿化覆盖度并控制房地产开发规模是促进健康发展的关键抓手。     

重庆市土地利用冲突多尺度时空演化与多情景演化模拟

土地利用冲突是区域土地开发利用过程中存在的客观问题,对区域经济社会发展和生态安全具有重要影响。识别、测度区域土地利用冲突,明晰其时空演化格局,有助于优化区域土地利用结构,促进土地资源的可持续利用。以重庆市为例,基于景观格局构建了土地利用冲突测度模型,从县域、镇域以及格网3个尺度全面和系统地分析了1995-2020年重庆市土地利用冲突的时空演化特征,并耦合多目标规划(Multi-Objective Programming,MOP)-斑块生成土地利用变化模拟模型(Ptach-generating Land Use Simulation,PLUS)模拟了重庆市2030年不同发展情景下土地利用冲突格局。结果表明:(1)1995-2020年重庆市县域、镇域与格网不同尺度下的土地利用冲突格局具有较大相似性,不同尺度的土地利用重度冲突区主要分布在重庆中心城区及周边地区,区县建成区。土地利用一般冲突区主要分布于渝东南和渝东北地区。研究期内土地利用冲突有所加剧,其中土地利用重度冲突区占比增加了3.09%。(2) 1995-2005年重庆市土地利用冲突区主体位于乡村地域,但冲突程度较低,随着工业化、城市化进程及人口的集聚,2005年后土地利用冲突热点区域的城市地域集聚效应显著,城市及周边地区土地利用冲突区面积和土地利用冲突度均显著提升。(3) 区域土地利用冲突空间格局不仅受到了人为经济社会活动的驱动影响,在空间格局上受自然生态环境基底影响显著,其中地形地貌的限制加剧了土地利用重度冲突区。(4)不同发展情景模拟中经济优先发展情景下土地利用冲突最为严重,生态优先发展情景下土地利用冲突最小,可持续发展情景兼顾了经济和生态发展的用地需求,土地利用冲突强度处于中间范围,但区域发展总福利最大,是未来区域发展路径最优选择。     

1980-2010年鄱阳湖地区土地覆盖与景观格局变化

以1980、2005和2010年鄱阳湖地区的土地覆盖数据为基础,采用GIS、RS及景观生态学的方法,分析1980-2010年该区土地覆盖及景观格局变化情况,并定量分析了土地覆盖类型变化度、斑块面积指数、斑块形状指数、边缘密度指数以及多样性指数等指标.结果表明：1980-2010年,研究区水田、内陆水体、常绿阔叶林和城镇建设用地不仅是该区域的主要土地覆盖类型,而且变化最强烈.总体上,内陆水体、城镇建设用地面积显著增加,水田和旱地面积有所减少.从景观格局变化来看,虽然鄱阳湖地区受到人口增长和经济发展的影响,其景观破碎度变化和景观多样性指数略呈下降趋势,但变化并不大,这反映出前期环境管理对于区域环境保护已经发挥重要作用,但仍然面临长期挑战.     

地市尺度气候调节服务评估——以福州市为例

生态系统服务是衔接生态系统功能和人类福利的桥梁,气候调节服务在生态系统服务中占有极其重要的地位。对气候调节服务发生的全过程进行评估,对科学开展生态系统服务评估具有重要意义。本研究以福州市为案例,开展地市尺度气候调节服务评估,分析气候调节服务在行政单元、地类尺度上的时空变化特征。结果表明: 2015、2018年,福州市气候调节服务总实物量分别为4.01×10¹² MJ(价值量6139.44亿元,GDP为5618.08亿元)和4.66×10¹² MJ(价值量7140.02亿元,GDP为7856.81亿元),气候调节服务价值大致与当年GDP相当。主要的土地利用/覆被类型是森林、耕地、水域,分别占福州市国土面积的57%、15%和9%;水域对福州市气候调节服务贡献最大,2018年贡献度超过60%,高于林地(12%)及耕地(13%)。建成区、东部农耕区域气候调节服务价值较低。2015、2018年,福州市土地利用/覆被变化面积为1805.5 km²,变化最大的用地类型是耕地、林地,主要的土地利用转移方向是耕地与林地、林地与园地、耕地与城镇村及工矿用地之间的转化;气候调节服务总实物量变化了6.74×10¹¹ MJ,相应的价值变化量为1035.8亿元;气候调节服务变化集中在闽侯、闽清、永泰等中西部地区,以及罗源、福清等西部山区;水域的气候调节服务变化最剧烈,水域类型转化会产生极为强烈的气候调节服务变化,远高于其他用地类型转换的效果。     

不同规模城镇的扩展过程分析——以北京为例

基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,利用Landsat系列遥感图像的解译成果,分析了北京地区1984～2002年不同规模城镇的扩展过程。研究表明,（1）北京近18a来,各区县城镇规模对其扩展度具有较大的正面影响,且随着城市化的进程其影响程度日益增长。（2）北京近18a来,各区县的城镇用地的扩展强度是以城区为中心,四周辐射逐渐变慢,且对扩展度起到重要作用的是空间位置和地形条件,也就是说地形条件越趋向于平原,空间位置越接近于市中心,城镇用地扩展机会将越大。（3）北京近18a来,大部分区（县）城镇用地不断向外扩张,迅速侵占、同化周边其他土地利用类型（以农业用地、草地、其他用地为主）,原有城镇扩展迅速,城镇分布局部集中,范围也不断扩大。     

Identifying the contradiction between the cultivated land fragmentation and the construction land expansion from the perspective of urban-rural differences

Land use contradictions and conflicts between arable and construction land areas have long been major topics in the field of land use research. However, few studies have explored the impact of differences in development between urban and rural areas on the amount and landscape level of arable land. In this study, two decades of data were combined to classify the Yangtze River Delta mega-city cluster area, where urbanization has been evident in China, into urban and rural areas. Based on this, we analyzed the differences in the changes in the amount of arable land caused by the expansion of urban and rural construction land. In this study, a comprehensive framework of arable land fragmentation indicators was constructed and the geographically weighted regression model was introduced to detect spatial and temporal dynamic change patterns of arable land fragmentation caused by different urbanization processes in urban and rural areas. The results show the following: (a) The expansion of urban and rural construction land caused arable land loss, and both contributed non-negligibly to arable land loss. (b) The distribution of the arable land fragmentation index showed obvious spatial heterogeneity, and its low-value area corresponded to a lower level of urban/rural construction land development. However, its high-value area did not show a stable dependence on the level of urban/rural construction land development. (c) Changes in urban and rural built-up land were the driving factors for changes in the degree of arable land fragmentation. In general, the expansion of the urban fringe increased the fragmentation of arable land, and the intensive expansion of urban centers curbed the fragmentation of arable land. However, rural construction land exhibited a stronger and more widespread impact than urban areas as a whole. This study contributes new ideas for arable land conservation policies under the growing mechanization of agriculture, especially in areas with large differences in development between urban and rural areas. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for rational planning of construction land in rural areas. The results of this study can provide references for urban-rural development planning, rural revitalization, and implementation of arable land protection.     

基于SLEUTH模型的上海城市增长预测

基于SLEUTH模型,利用1989-2005年高分辨率土地利用数据,模拟4种土地资源保护情景下,2006-2035年上海的城市增长,以及城市化对城市景观格局的影响.结果表明:在各种情景下,城市土地利用类型的面积均呈增长趋势,增量随着保护等级的提高而逐渐减少;城市增长方式主要是边缘增长,扩散增长和道路影响增长出现在郊区,增长主要发生在西北方向,西南和东南方向次之;城市化显著影响城市景观格局,并存在阶段性;早期阶段城市化导致景观破碎化,斑块密度增加,景观多样性和异质性提高;后期阶段,城市化将导致景观多样性和异质性降低,城市景观趋于均质化,加大农田和绿地景观的保护等级将减缓城市化降低景观多样性和增加均质化的趋势.     

城市绿色基础设施生态系统服务供给与需求的空间关系——以西安市为例

城市绿色基础设施(Urban Green Infrastructure,UGI)是城市自然景观和生态环境的主要营造者,为居民提供关键的生态系统服务。探讨UGI生态系统服务供给及其需求之间的空间关系,对城市生态建设和绿地系统规划具有重要科学意义。本文运用生态系统服务测算的方法基于人口、GDP以及土地利用数据构建需求测算模型,对西安市建成区UGI的生态系统服务供给与需求的空间格局进行研究,并分析了城市各功能区内UGI生态系统服务供给与需求的空间关系。结果表明:西安市建成区UGI生态系统服务供给总价值为4.23亿元;生态系统服务供给从研究区边缘向中心区逐渐减少,而生态系统服务需求表现出相反的格局,在空间上明显不一致,并且在城市各功能区内差别显著;西安市建成区UGI生态系统服务供给与城市对生态系统服务需求在空间分布上不相匹配。因此为了实现城市的生态环境与经济社会的可持续发展,迫切需要通过合理的UGI建设使生态系统服务供需趋于协调。