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1.
Chauvin Jean-Eric Marhadour Sylvie Cohat Joseph Le Nard Marcel 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1999,58(3):213-217
Successful plant transformation requires effective regeneration and selection systems. The regeneration of tulip scape segments,
gladiolus cormel slices, and tobacco leaf pieces were compared on media solidified with different gelling agents and with
kanamycin at various concentrations. Increasing concentration of kanamycin generally resulted in full or partial inhibition
of regeneration. However, regeneration was observed with one of the gelling agents, a κ-carrageenan, and 200 mg l−1 kanamycin in the medium. With other gelling agents, 50% of this concentration was generally sufficient to totally inhibit
regeneration. Therefore, the choice of the gelling agent is critical when establishing a plant transformation procedure.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Culture medium pH is influenced by basal medium,carbohydrate source,gelling agent,activated charcoal,and medium storage method 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary When four carbohydrates were tested against six commonly cited inorganic basal media, post-autoclave pH was highest for carbohydrate-free and sucrose containing media, and progressively lower for maltoseglucose and fructose-containing media, respectively. Post-autoclave pH for these media without carbohydrates was related to medium buffering capacity. Addition of gelling agents (10 of 11 tested) increased the postautoclave pH of MS medium containing sucrose. Neutralized and acid-washed activated charcoal also increased the post-autoclave pH of liquid and agarsolidified MS medium, and the pH changed further during 8 weeks of storage. Changes in medium pH caused by gelling agents, but not charcoal, could be alleviated by adjusting the pH after their addition but prior to autoclaving. 相似文献
3.
Berrios E. Flores Gentzbittel L. Serieys H. Alibert G. Sarrafi A. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1999,57(1):65-69
Fourteen recombinant inbred lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and their parents (PAC-2 and RHA-266) were tested for their organogenesis ability. Seeds were surface sterilized and
germinated on hormone free half strength MS basal medium containing 10 g l-1 sucrose solidified with five different gelling agents: Phytagar (Gibco laboratoires) 3 g l-1, Phytagel (Sigma) 3 g l-1, Agarose (Sigma) 5 g l-1, Arcagel (Sigma) 4 g l-1 and Agar-Agar (Fisher France) 7 g l-1. Cotyledons from 2-day-old seedlings were split in half and the four explants of each seed were cultived in 55 mm diameter
petri dishes containing 10 ml of MS medium supplemented with 50 μM KNO3, 1 μM myo-inositol, 5 μM casein hydrolysate, 4.4 μM of BA and 5.4 μM of NAA solidified with the same gelling agents. The
experimental design was a randomized complete block with 3 replications. A replicate for each genotype consisted of ten petri
dishes containing four explants. The statistical analysis showed significant differences among genotypes and gelling agents.
Of the fourteen recombinant inbred lines tested `C93' presented the highest values for all regeneration traits in the five
different media and it was better than the best parent. Agarose and Agar-Agar were more better than other gelling agents for
shoot induction.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Plantlets were obtained from leaf explants of a Labiatae tree — Leucosceptrum canum Sm. using plant tissue culture techniques. Two types of calli proliferated from the leaf explants when grown on different media, one of which was amenable to somatic embryogenesis. Differentiation of the embryoids started from the fourth passage of culture and continued up to the seventh passage. The number of embryoids decreased with the age of the callus. The capacity of such embryoids to form entire plantlets was studied using different nutrient mileux. Embryoids formed plantlets on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium fortified with benzylaminopurine plus indolebutyric acid. Organogenesis was observed in shoot-buds derived from explants of in vitro regenerated plantlets on MS basal medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine. Culture regenerated plantlets were transferred to MS medium without sucrose and growth hormones; finally transferred to pots containing sterile vermiculite where they are growing.Abbreviations MS
Murashige and Skoog's medium
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- IBA
indolebutyric acid
- Kn
kinetin
- BAP
benzylaminopurine
- CW
coconut water 相似文献
5.
A factorial experiment was performed to develop a medium which would support initiation and proliferation of callus in a diverse group of exotic lines of Gossypium hirsutum. Seed hypocotyls of T1, T25 and T133 were cultured on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) basal medium (1965) with NAA or 2,4-D tested in combination with BA or kinetin. The best medium from this study was then compared to five published media for support of callus initiation and growth of the varieties Acala 1517-75, Coker 500, Dunn 120, Paymaster 303 and TM1. Furthermore, the effects of two gelling agents, Difco-Bacto agar and Kelco Gelrite, were investigated with each of the six media. Significantly more callus was initiated on media solidified with Gelrite than with agar. The best callus production occurred on LS medium supplemented with 30gl-1 glucose, 0.1 mgl-1 BA and 0.1 mgl-1 2,4-D. 相似文献
6.
Summary Androgenic plants have been obtained via anther culture in four natural populations of Hordeum spontaneum. Microscopic observations revealed that androgenesis started with the formation of two vegetative-type nuclei derived from the mitotic division of the uninucleate microspores. In this species androgenesis was affected by the type and concentration of the sugars added to the culture medium: the highest response (17% of callusing anthers) was observed on media containing 80 g l–1 maltose. The highest production of androgenic plants (per 100 anthers, 5.9 green and 4.3 albino plants) was obtained from callus grown on these same media. About half of the green plants regenerated were haploid, while the others were diploid and set seed.Abbreviations IAA
indolacetic acid
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine 相似文献
7.
Axillary buds from 5 genotypes of mulberry belonging to 4 species were cultured on modified MS basal medium. A total of 30 media combinations were tried for all the genotypes. The response of axillary buds and the requirement for growth regulators varied with genotype. In Morus indica BAP (0.25–0.5 mg/l), and in M. alba and M. rotondifolia GA3 (0.5–1.0 mg/l)were found to induce sprouting. Two genotypes of M. bombycis, namely Schimanochi and Mizusawa, developed healthy shoots on the incorporation of 2,4-D (0.5–1.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.5–2.0 mg/l), respectively. IBA (0.5 mg/l), along with cytokinin/auxin/gibberellin, had no effect on bud growth but helped root induction. Shoots developed from the axillary buds were further multiplied as nodal explants. MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA and LS vitamins was found best to produce healthy plantlets in all the genotypes. An average 89% survival was observed on transferring the plantlets to soil.Abbreviations MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- LS
Linsmaier and Skoog (1965)
- IBA
3-indole-butyric acid
- GA3
Gibberellic acid
- BAP
6-Benzylaminopurine
- Kn
Kinetin
- 2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
8.
Gehad M. Mohamed Ahmed M. Amer Neama H. Osman Mohammed Z. Sedikc Mona H. Hussein 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(10):5738-5744
Plant tissue culture technology offers a solution for meeting the increasing commercial demand on economically important plants such as rice, a widespread dietary staple. However, significant genotype-specific morphogenetic responses constitute a considerable on rice regeneration in plant biotechnology contexts. Aside from genotype dependency, the components of the nutrient media including gelling agents have an important impact on regeneration efficiency. The current study explores the effect of different gelling agents on various stages of rice regeneration in two Egyptian rice cultivars-Sakha104 and Giza178. Media solidified with varying concentrations of a variety of gelling agents (agar, bacto agar, gelrite and phytagel) were tested for their impact on the frequency of callus induction, shoot regeneration and rooting. The results indicated gellan gum (gelrite and phytagel) was superior to agar products (agar and bacto agar) for callus induction. By contrast, no significant differences were found between different gelling agents for shoot regeneration. Gellan gum and media solidified with bacto agar were found to lead to significantly higher root regeneration than agar. The Sakha104 cultivar showed better responses than Giza 178 for callus induction and similar performance to the Giza 178 cultivar for root regeneration irrespective of the gelling agent. This work provides insights into the impact of different gelling agents on the morphogenetic response of two rice cultivars and can be used to help maximize the frequency of rice regeneration. 相似文献
9.
In somatic hybrids between tumourous Nicotiana tabacum (B6S3) and normal mesophyll Atropa belladonna cells, the following traits, directly or indirectly connected with T-DNA gene expression and tumourous growth, were analysed: lysopine dehydrogenase activity (LpDH), shoot suppression, root suppression, ability to grow on media with D-lactose as a sole carbon source and resistance to 2-aminoethylcysteine, 5-bromodeoxyuridine and 5-methyltryptophan. Dominant (semidominant) expression was observed for all but one trait studied, e.g. shoot suppression which behaved as a recessive character.Abbreviations LS-H
Linsmaier and Skoog (1965) hormone-free medium
- NAA
Naphtaleneacetic acid
- BAP
6-Benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 5-BUdR
5-Bromodeoxyuridine
- 2-AEC
2-Aminoethylcysteine
- 5-MT
5-Methyltryptophan 相似文献
10.
Adina Breiman 《Plant cell reports》1985,4(2):70-73
Callus cultures were initiated from isolated immature embryos of Hordeum spontaneum and Hordeum bulbosum on MS or B5 basal medium supplemented with 2 mg/1 2,4-D. Shoot regeneration occurred on transfer of tissue to media containing 1 mg/1 IAA and 1 mg/1 zeatin. The regenerated shoot buds were rooted on basal medium without hormones. The in vitro regenerated plants were transferred to soil and were grown to fertile mature plants. A low percentage of albino plants was observed among the regenerated plants. No major differences were detected between the two species in respect to their potency to form callus or to the regeneration capacity. The regeneration capacity of calli decreased gradually and ended after 6 months in culture.Abbreviations IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium 相似文献
11.
A method for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures, using explants from mature leaves of Vicia narbonensis L., is described. Callus developed on a solid medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962), which was supplemented with low concentrations of picloram and benzylaminopurine. Subsequent culture was carried out in different liquid media (culture length four months). The gradual reduction of auxin and cytokinin concentrations, and the addition of glutamine and pyridoxal·HCl were favourable. Somatic embryos appeared on solid media without phytohormones.Abbreviations MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- 2,4 D
dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
- KIN
6-furfurylaminopurine
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- picloram
4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid
- NAA
1-naphthalene acetic acid
- p-CPA
parachlorophenoxy acetic acid
-
M1 - M7
media numbers (details in materials and methods) 相似文献
12.
Gregory F. Payne Nadine N. Payne Michael L. Shuler Masanori Asada 《Biotechnology letters》1988,10(3):187-192
Summary A significant fraction (10–40%) of the indole alkaloids produced byCatharanthus
roseus was observed to be secreted into the medium. When a neutral polymeric resin, known to adsorb these alkaloids, was added to the cultivation medium, the accumulation of total indole alkaloids and the specific alkaloids, ajmalicine and serpentine were stimulated. Sorbent addition was also observed to result in increased ratios of ajmalicine to serpentine, which suggests the potential of using in situ adsorption to direct metabolism toward a specific product or intermediate within a given pathway. 相似文献
13.
K. Klimaszewska M. bernier-Cardou D. R. Cyr B. C. S. Sutton 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(4):279-286
Summary Maturation of somatic embryos of Pinus strobus L. was evaluated on media containing various types (agars and gellan gum), brands and concentrations of gelling agents in
the presence of 80 μM ABA and 0.09 M sucrose. The media were characterized with respect to gel strength, water potential and water availability. Embryogenic tissue
and somatic embryos cultured on medium with various concentrations of gellan gum were used to determine their water potential
(Ψ). Regardless of the type of gelling agent used, gel strength increased with gelling agent concentration and was critical
to the maturation response. High gel strength was associated with reduced water availability from the medium to the cultures.
The water potential of gelled maturation medium remained constant between 0.4 and 1.0% gellan gum. It is concluded that the
embryogenic tissue was exposed to varying amounts of water at the onset of and during the culture period, and that the amount
of water in the culture environment in turn influenced the maturation response. Cotyledonary somatic embryos derived from
gellan gum medium of high gel strength had a lower Ψ than somatic embryos matured on medium of lower gel strength. Once somatic
embryos developed to the cotyledonary stage on the maturation medium, they were transferred to the germination medium. The
germination frequency and the number of morphologically normal germinants were higher for somatic embryos matured on medium
of high gel strength. Raising the concentration of the gelling agent in the maturation medium may be an alternative to the
use of solutes to restrict water available to the embryogenic cultures. 相似文献
14.
Ottó Toldi Gábor Gyulai József Kiss Imre A. Tamás Ervin Balázs 《Plant cell reports》1996,15(11):851-854
An in vitro method was developed for microshoot initiation from thin-layer explants prepared from the elongated epicotyls of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Intact epicotyls of 14-day-old seedlings were excised from the hypocotyls above the cotyledons and allowed to elongate on De Greef and Jacobs (1979) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l 6-benzyladenine, 0.2 mg/l gibberellic acid and 0.1 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid in darkness. After a 21-day-incubation, the elongated epicotyls were halved to obtain apical and basal segments prior to removing the leaves and lateral buds. Subsequently, 5–8 mm long, 2–3 mm wide and 0.8–1.0 mm thick tangential sections were prepared longitudinally from the exterior parts of the halved epicotyls. These thin-layer explants were incubated on microshoot initiating media containing various growth regulators. The combination of 1.0 mg/l 6-benzyladenine and the antiauxin 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (1.0 mg/l) resulted in maximum microshoot development (6.3±0.2 microshoots/thin-layer explant). The final efficiency of our tissue culture system was significantly increased by the NaCl (100 mg/l) initiated in vitro rooting of microshoot originated plantlets.Abbreviations AC
activated charcoal
-
asdp
apical segment derived plantlet
-
asTLE
apical segment derived thin-layer explant
- BA-6
benzyladenine
-
bsdp
basal segment derived plantlet
-
bsTLE
basal segment derived thin-layer explant
- EEM1-4
epicotyl elongation media
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- GM
germinating medium
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- KN
kinetin
- MES
morpholino-ethanesulfonic acid
- MSI1-6
microshoot initiating media
- NAA
-naphthalene acetic acid
- PGoB
De Greef and Jacobs (1979) medium
- RM1-3
rooting media
- SDM
shoot developing medium
- SE
standard error
- TIBA 2,3,5
triiodobenzoic acid
- TLE
thin-layer explant
- ZEA
zeatin 相似文献
15.
In vitro regeneration of plantlets and multiplication of Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.F. Wight plants from cultured callus tissue were demonstrated. Callus was established from both cotyledons and mature leaflets on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg/l) and 2,4-D (2 mg/l). Callus mediated shoot bud differentiation was studied under defined nutritional, hormonal and cultural conditions. Various concentrations of BAP or kinetin (Kn) with coconut milk (CM) in MS media induced different levels of shoot bud differentiation as well as multiplication. Multiple shoot bud differentiation occurred in most of the primary calli. The best medium for shoot bud differentiation from cotyledon derived callus, contained BAP (2 mg/l) and 15% CM (V/V). More efficient shoot bud organogenesis was recorded with BAP than Kn. Supplementation with CM in MS media accelerated shoot bud organogenesis in differentiating callus tissue. Rooting of differentiated shoots was achieved by a three step culture procedure involving (a) MS solid medium containing IBA (2 mg/l), (b) growth regulator free half strength MS medium with 1% charcoal, and (c) half strength MS liquid medium free of vitamins, growth regulators and charcoal.Abbreviations IAA
indoleacetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- Kn
kinetin
- CM
coconut milk
- MS
Murashige and Skoog's medium
- SBI
shoot bud inducing medium 相似文献
16.
Hideyuki Tamaki Satoshi Hanada Yuji Sekiguchi Yasuhiro Tanaka Yoichi Kamagata 《Environmental microbiology》2009,11(7):1827-1834
Since Robert Koch and colleagues found agar to be an effective gelling agent over a century ago, the pure culture method using agar plates has long been a standard of microbiology. Agar is undoubtedly easy to handle and useful for culture of microorganisms, but recent discovery of the ubiquity of microorganisms that cannot be cultured on agar raises a question: is agar really the best agent? In this study, we investigated the effect of two gelling agents, agar and gellan gum, on colony formation of a diverse array of microorganisms (total 108 strains) newly isolated from freshwater sediments and a representative microorganism as a slow grower on agar medium, Gemmatimonas aurantiaca, to clarify (i) whether they can grow on both agar and gellan gum plates, and (ii) the difference in time required for colony formation between the two gelling agents. Interestingly, 22 of 108 isolates showed no ability to form any visible colonies on the agar medium but did so on the gellan gum medium, and showed low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to their closest species. The remaining 86 isolates grew on both agar and gellan gum, but 52 of them grew much faster on gellan gum than on agar. Moreover, gellan gum also significantly stimulated the colony formation of the representative slow‐growing microorganism G. aurantiaca. Our results demonstrate that the gelling agent is a crucial factor for the growth of bacteria on plate media, and that alternatives to agar will be very important for increasing the culturability of yet‐to‐be cultured microorganisms. 相似文献
17.
Various components of culture media were tested to characterize factors affecting plantlet regeneration from rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus. It was found that plantlet regeneration from rice callus was affected by concentrations of gelling agents, osmoticum,
and the combination of hormones in the regeneration medium. High concentrations (4–6 g/l gellan gum, 10–16 g/l agar) of gelling
agents promoted regeneration frequency. However, the total number of plantlets decreased with gellan gum concentrations above
4 g/l. Addition of sorbitol (15–75 g/l) promoted plantlet regeneration. However, the addition of mannitol was inhibitory and
no regeneration was observed at concentrations above 30 g/l. This difference in the effects on regeneration suggests that
sorbitol had another function besides as a osmoticum. High regeneration frequency was obtained with combinations of NAA (0.05–0.5
g/l) and kinetin (0.5–2 mg/l). However, higher concentrations (2 mg/l) of NAA are preferred to increase the total number of
regenerated plantlets. 相似文献
18.
Laine E. Lamblin F. Lacoux J. Dupre P. Roger D. Sihachakr D. David A. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,63(1):77-80
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) hypocotyls were cultivated on regeneration media containing various concentrations of kanamycin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic
commonly used to select transgenic plant material) solidified with three different gelling agents: gellan gum, agar and a
mixture of both. The inhibitory effect of kanamycin on bud regeneration was analyzed. A significant interaction was observed
between the nature of the gelling agent and the kanamycin concentration. The antibiotic concentration needed to strongly inhibit
bud production varied greatly with the nature of the gelling agent. Gellan gum lowered the inhibitory effect of kanamycin.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Cost-effective in vitro conservation of banana using alternatives of gelling agent (isabgol) and carbon source (market sugar) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anuradha Agrawal Rajkumari Sanayaima Rajesh Tandon Rishi K. Tyagi 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2010,32(4):703-711
To decrease the cost of in vitro conservation of banana cv. Karpura Chakkarakeli (AAB; Mysore subgroup) without any adverse
effects on cultures, expensive components of medium such as sucrose and gelling agents, i.e. phytagel or agar (90% of the
total cost of the medium), were replaced with inexpensive alternates such as market sugar and isabgol, respectively (Experiment
1). In general, no significant effects of isabgol and market sugar were observed on shoot (1.0–1.3 shoots/shoot explant) and
root (1.5–2.0 roots/shoot explant) regeneration. Up to 12 months, 100% of cultures survived on isabgol-media, which was significantly
higher than that on agar-media (79–83%) and on phytagel-media (51–57%). Isabgol-media with or without other constituents of
medium were also tested for survival of banana cultures (Experiment 2); significant differences were observed for survival
of cultures (20–100%). Slow growth of the cultures on isabgol-media was attributed to low availability of free water and consequently
slower rate of transport of nutrients from isabgol matrix to the plantlets than that of other media tested, as evidenced by
significantly lower relative matric potentials (0.801 and 0.804) of isabgol-media. In vitro conservation-derived plants grown
in the field exhibited no significant morphological variations. The total cost of medium used for in vitro conservation of
banana was decreased by 59% by using isabgol as an alternate gelling agent to agar and phytagel. 相似文献
20.
Because most interspecific Medicago embryos abort before they can be excised and cultured, our objective was to grow young pods in vitro. Various media were used to grow three-day-old pods of annuals [diploids, M. blancheana Boiss., M. disciformis DC., tetraploid M. scutellata (L.) Mill.] and perennials (diploid M. falcata L., tetraploid M. sativa L.).Few pods of perennial species grew to maturity on media containing modified Hoagland's plus 1% glucose or sucrose with or without 5% potato extract. Increasing sucrose to 6% increased the percentage of M. sativa pods that produced mature seeds. On DM (differentiation medium), the best medium, the percentage of pods producing viable seeds was: M. blancheana (82), M. disciformis (81), M. scutellata (48), M. sativa (63), M. falcata (15). DM plus 1 ppm indoleacetic or gibberellic acid did not enhance seed production.Abbreviations DM
Differentiation medium
- DMI
DM plus 1 ppm indoleacetic acid
- DMG
DM plus 1 ppm gibberellic acid 相似文献