黑龙江桦南县中新世道台桥组孢粉植物群

黑龙江桦南县中新世道台桥组孢粉植物群中柔荑花序植物花粉占统治地位,尤其是山毛榉科和桦科最多;胡桃科、榆科也很常见。此外,还有椴树科、槭树科、杨柳科以及一些可能和蔷薇科、豆科有关的三孔沟花粉。单子叶植物花粉较少。裸子植物以松科为主,并有少量柏科花粉。蕨类植物不多,主要为水龙骨科孢子。道台桥组孢粉植物群的主要成分都属于温带型。亚热带成分无论从类型或数量上都比较少。孢粉植物群中含有相当数量的外来属种,重要的如铁杉属、山毛榉属、山核桃属等。从习性上看,陆生木本植物远远多于水生草本植物。桦南县中新世化石孢粉植物群反映了当地中新世植被的主要成分和古气候特征与现代植被和气候有着显著不同。当时的针阔叶混交林中栎属、山毛榉属为重要成分。气候较现代温暖,可能和我国东北南部及华北北部地区的现代气候相似。我国北方自中中新世晚期以后存在一个范围相当广阔的干旱半干旱地区。但是桦南地区当时的气候温暖潮湿,可以归入中新世中国东部落叶阔叶林植物区。这与现代植物区系分区相似。     

淮南地区新元古代九里桥组的疑源类化石组合及其生物地层学意义

淮南地区新元古代九里桥组主要由砂质和泥质灰岩、叠层石灰岩以及白云质灰岩组成,含有著名的“淮南生物群”的重要分子。研究采用浸解法在该组碳酸盐岩中发现了大量的疑源类化石,它们以球形亚类为主,在组合面貌上继承了其下伏刘老碑组的疑源类组合特征。但化石个体较大,多细胞植物碎片含量明显增加,化石在不同层位的分布不均匀是九里桥组疑源类组合的显著特征。另外在该组中还发现了一些新的疑源类化石如：Bailikania diligena,?Lomentunella vagtinata Hermann。文中还对九里桥组的凝源类组合与宏体化石、叠层石礁体的发育之间的关系等进行了探讨。     

江苏南京地区晚第三纪植物

前言近年来,江苏省区调队不断从南京地区采集到上第三系植物化石。与邻省山东、浙江等相比,江苏省上第三系的植物化石甚为贫乏。过去只有过零星报道(黄宝玉等,1982)。当前植物化石主要采自下列地点和层段(插图1):六合四合墩上曹村六合组顶部,六合马集任家凹黄岗组,浦镇林场洞玄观组(原浦镇组),六合灵岩山六合组顶部,南京菊花台雨花台组,共有200余块标本。除灵岩山产的标本保存较好外,其余都不太好,数量也少。尽管如此,由于过去发     

湖南道县下石炭统的一个海蕾化石

1960年8月,中南矿冶学院地质系师生在湖南道县龙江桥附近下石炭统孟公均组的上部,采得一枚保存极为完好的海蕾化石。此类化石在我国颇为罕见,过去所知,仅有贵州独山下石炭统的Mesoblastus tushanensis,和黑龙江密山中泥盆统的Devonoblastus heitaiensis。因此有必要将这一枚海蕾化石加以研究,予以报导。标本的详细产地是湖南省道县城东约9公里的龙江桥附近,层位是下石炭统孟公均组上部灰色薄层泥灰岩中,共生的化石有Camarotoechia kinglingensis(Grabau)等。     

安徽含山含山组植物化石及时代

安徽含山县彭庄村西分布一套红色地层,假整合在富含植物化石的象山群中、下部之上,安徽区测队曾将其认作象山群上部(新近命名为含山组),并与南京地区北象山和中山陵前所见的紫红色砂、页岩层及皖南洪琴组对比。在它的近底部浅黄色泥岩中发现不少植物化石,还有瓣鳃类、叶肢介、鲎虫、介形类、腹足类及昆虫化石等。这些化石的发现为确定这段地层的时代提供了依据。苏皖两省长江沿线的象山群,均由两组由粗到细含煤线(或薄煤层)的碎屑岩(在南京地     

甘肃靖远早侏罗世植物化石

前言靖远煤田位于甘肃省中部,笔者曾根据岩性、岩相及少量植物化石划出下侏罗统(徐福祥等,1976),并与兰州阿干镇煤田的大西沟组相对比。后来,笔者又重测了煤田南部的刀楞山剖面,采得大量植物化石,经研究计有18属32种,本文描述其中部分属种。野外工作中曾得到133煤田勘探队的支持,化石研究中又得到中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所周志炎同志的指导和中生代组诸同     

塔里木北缘早侏罗世塔里奇克组植物化石

描述了新疆库车塔里奇克组的植物化石７属９种，根据植物化石及有关的动物化石，结合地层层序，指出塔里奇克组属早侏罗世早期。进一步阐明我国晚三叠世植物分区西端的界线不在天山而在昆仑山。     

黑龙江嘉荫古新世乌云组植物化石

一、地层简介本文研究的植物化石系笔者近年来在黑龙江嘉荫县乌云煤矿乌云组的粉砂岩中采集的。经研究有7属9种(包括1新种)。该地层剖面自上而下层序如下:     

新疆西准噶尔中泥盆世呼吉尔斯特植物群的特征、时代、古环境以及古植物地理学意义*

阐述呼吉尔斯特植物群的定义、分布、时代、组成和特点。呼吉尔斯特植物群主要代表我国北方区中泥盆世晚期的植物群,其具有全球广布型属种,也具有特化型植物。该植物群生物量巨大,发育小规模的森林,也形成了若干薄的煤层,成煤植物和森林冠层植物为石松类。结合该植物群化石埋藏学、沉积岩石学、煤岩学等研究,对呼吉尔斯特植物群的古环境以及古植物地理学意义进行探讨,提出:呼吉尔斯特组若干条保存有丰富植物化石和煤层的剖面,代表中泥盆世晚期区域性的陆相沉积环境,新疆西准噶尔在中泥盆世是重要的植物迁徙大陆桥。     

第三届现生和化石轮藻国际学术讨论会论文集——2000年10月16-19日,南京

Science Press,Beijing,2 0 03序第三届现生和化石轮藻国际学术讨论会于 2 0 0 0年 1 0月 1 6日至 1 9日在中国南京召开 ,来自世界各地的 30余位轮藻学者参加了会议 ,本期的《微体古生物学报》专辑即为这次轮藻学术讨论会的论文集。轮藻国际学术讨论会每四年召开一次 ,第一、第二届国际学术讨论会分别在欧洲 (法国 )和美洲 (美国 )召开 ,会议宗旨在于促进轮藻植物多学科交叉研究及加强各国同行间的学术交流。本专辑收录的论文源于南京国际学术讨论会上交流的系列学术报告 ,这些报告集中反映了各国学者对现生和化石轮藻植物研究的最新进展 …     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.