基因工程抗体中噬菌体抗体库技术的应用

通过基因工程可以大规模地制备能与人相容的单克隆抗体或片段。其中,噬菌体抗体抗库技术可以模拟体内抗体产生和成熟过程,不经细胞杂交,甚至不经免疫制备针对任何抗原的单克隆抗体。就基因工程抗体及噬菌抗体库技术的发展与应用作一概述 。     

抗体基因工程

抗体基因工程阎锡蕴,田华松,田波（中国科学院微生物研究所,北京１０００８０）自从１９７５年杂交瘤技术问世以来,单克隆抗体在临床诊断和基础研究中的应用越来越广泛。但在疾病治疗方面还没有达到令人满意的效果。其主要原因是目前所获得的单克隆抗体绝大多数都来源...     

基因工程抗体：单克隆抗体技术发展的新时代

基因工程抗体：单克隆抗体技术发展的新时代俞晓峰,黄策（军事医学科学院微生物与流行病研究所,北京１０００７１）关键词基因工程抗体,单克隆抗体Ｋｏｈｌｅｒ和Ｍｉｌｓｔｅｉｎ于１９７５年创立的用杂交瘤技术制备单克隆抗体（ＭＡｂ）的新方法标志着细胞工程抗体时...     

抗体库技术

基因工程抗体可称为第三代抗体,其较前两代抗体有免疫原性低,用途多样等优点。其中抗体库技术又较另两种基因工程抗体（嵌合抗体,改型抗体）优越,可不经免疫制备抗体,又可实现完全人源化,理论上若构建出有足够库容量及多样性的抗体库,便可从中筛选任何抗原的单克隆抗体。该技术有可能取代杂交瘤技术,本文综述了抗体库技术的产生,发展,优点及应用前景等。     

基因工程抗体研究进展

基因工程抗体研究进展刘喜富,黄华梁（中国科学院遗传研究所北京１００１０１）自１９７５年Ｋｏｈｌｅｒ和Ｍｉｌｓｔｅｉｎ等创立了杂交瘤技术以来,单克隆抗体已广泛应用于临床疾病的诊断,治疗和预防以及基础理论研究等多个领域,取得了令人鼓舞的结果。但由于鼠单克隆抗体对人体具有免疫原性,不能重复使用,影响疗效,而且生产单抗的成本较高,难以普及使用,围绕如何降低鼠源单克隆抗体的免疫原性以及在大肠杆菌中表达抗体基因的问题, 基因工程抗体技术得以产生和发展。     

噬菌体抗体库技术与高通量筛选抗体

噬菌体抗体库技术是组合技术与基因工程抗体技术相结合的产物 ,为快速筛选特异性抗体提供了简便而高效的操作系统 ,随着蛋白质组学的飞速发展 ,对抗体的大规模制备的需求日益增加 ,迫切需要发展高质量的抗体库和与之相整合的高通量筛选技术。近年来 ,以上技术的发展和自动化设备的引入为大规模抗体制备的实现提供了条件 ,对这一领域的研究进展做一概述。     

基因工程抗体的性质及应用前景

一、基因工程抗体的理化 及生物学性质 如果需要全抗体分子,目前仍主要选用哺乳动物细胞表达的,而抗体片段则主要用大肠杆菌或噬菌体所表达的。在诊断及治疗,特别是肿瘤的诊断及治疗上,功能抗体片段显示其特殊的优越性。小鼠IgA PMC 603在与抗原结合时或不与抗原结合时的晶体结构已研究得很清楚。通过对这个抗体的研究,掌握了抗体各个区段的基本特征。 1.嵌合抗体(Chimeric antibodies) 嵌合抗体的制作通常是把分泌高亲和力抗体的鼠杂交瘤细胞林中分离到的V基因(VH和VL)连接起来,在骨髓瘤或杂交瘤细胞内表     

基因工程抗体的研究进展

基因工程抗体以其独特的优点（免疫原性低、可按人的意愿加以改造等）正逐渐取代动物源性单抗。随着基因工程和蛋白质工程等生物技术在抗体研制领域的广泛应用,适应不同需要的基因工程抗体的种类日趋多样化,构建日趋合理化,在体内的生物学效应与日臻完善,使之较天然单抗的治疗效果更好,范围更广,并在初步临床试用中展示了光辉的前景。     

抗体库的发展及未来

抗体库的出现为制备人源性单抗开辟了一条行之有效的途径．虽然该技术问世只有短短几年的时间,但其筛选系统已有了很大的改进;现已能够快速地从抗体库中筛选出各种具有不同用途的抗体．从而克服了传统杂交瘤技术的某些局限性．文章就抗体库的发展及其应用前景进行了概述.     

抗体库技术与策略进展

抗体库为基因工程抗体领域带来了革命性的突破,其技术核心是将抗体的表型与基因型偶联,从抗体库中找到针对特异抗原的抗体基因。抗体库的基因可来自免疫或非免疫的策略;抗体分子形式包括Fab、单链抗体、单域抗体、微型抗体、最小识别单位等;展示平台包括噬菌体、核糖体、酵母、细菌、杆状病毒、哺乳细胞等;筛选策略包括抗原、细胞、组织切片、体内筛选等。抗体库在操作上具有高通量、工程化的特点,便于实现产业化,显示出巨大的商业开发价值。     

噬菌体抗体库的优化

噬菌体抗体组合文库技术作为噬菌体展示和抗体组合文库两种技术的集成,由于它具有库容量大、特异性高、和敏感性强的优点而被誉为抗体技术的第三次革命。但是由于一些技术上的原因,使得它无法得到广泛的应用,本文就其优化进行综述。     

噬菌体抗体库技术

噬菌体抗体库技术是指从人外周血、脾或骨髓淋巴细胞提取总RNA,利用逆转录-多聚酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法扩增抗体的全套可变区基因,通过噬菌体表面展示技术,把抗体Fab段或单链抗体表达在噬菌体表面,构建人源抗体库.噬菌体抗体将基因型（genotype）和表型（phenotype）统一于一体,将选择能力和扩增能力偶联起来,具有强大的筛选能力,能够在体外模拟体内的抗体生成过程,使抗体工程技术进入了一个新的时代.     

人源性抗腮腺炎病毒噬菌体抗体库的构建

应用噬菌体表面呈现技术,从腮腺炎病毒抗体阳性者淋巴细胞中提取总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增出抗体重链Fd和轻链基因,经XhoI/SpeI、SacI/XbaI双酶切,先后克隆入噬粒载体pComb3中,再电转化大肠杆菌XL1-blue,以辅助噬菌体VCSM13进行超感染。从分离出的淋巴细胞中共提取高质量RNA约110μg,经逆转录、PCR,分别扩增出约700 bp大小的κ、λ和Fd基因。PCR产物和载体经纯化、双酶切后进行连接,在2.5 kV、200 Ω、25μF的条件下电转化,转化率为2.48×107。最终得到库容量为6.4×106,滴度为7.8×1013 cfu/L的噬菌体抗体库。所构建的抗腮腺炎病毒特异性噬菌体抗体库容量中等大小,能满足从中筛选抗HN蛋白噬菌体抗体的需要。     

An anti-leukemic single chain Fv antibody selected from a synthetic human phage antibody library

The display of human antibody repertoire on the cell surface of the filamentous bacteriophage has offered a novel strategy for selecting antibodies to a diverse range of purified targets. However, the selection of antibodies with biological functions has not yet been fully investigated. To select phage antibodies with therapeutic potential, a synthetic human single chain Fv (scFv) phage antibody library was panned on whole premyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL60). Phages binding to common receptors and undesirable phages were subtracted by incubating the library with human glioma cells. High affinity binding phages to HL60 cells were enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. After the 6th round of selection, 50% of the selected phage antibodies showed significant binding to HL60 cells, whereas none of the analyzed phage antibodies bound to human pre-B cells (Nalm-6). In addition to binding, one scFv antibody inhibited HL60 cell proliferation by 90% compared to irrelevant scFv antibodies. Taken together the data demonstrate that specific scFv antibodies with biological functions can be isolated by using whole cells as affinity matrix.     

IgG rheumatoid factors isolated by the surface-displaying phage library technique

 Our analysis of IgG rheumatoid factors (RFs) from three patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) revealed that most contained significant numbers of skewed mutations per V region, suggesting that these RFs arose from antigen-driven responses. To further study IgG RFs in RA, we used pComb3 vector to construct an IgG1,λ combinatorial antibody library from a synovial fluid sample. After panning against human IgG, Fab fragments from 71/96 phage clones bound to Fc-coated wells. Sequence analysis of 20 randomly chosen Fc-binders showed that 17 (85%) clones had identical heavy (H) and light (L) chain V regions, represented by Humha311 and Humla211, respectively. Of the remaining three clones, two had the same Humla211 L chain, but each with a different H chain V region. All the putative germline V genes for these RFs also encode RF in RA patients. However, none of these RF V regions are similar to those of the two IgG RFs derived by the hybridoma technique from the same synovial fluid. The Humha311 H chain has two frameshifts: a one-base insertion upstream of the JH region and a four-base deletion near the end of the CH1 region, resulting in a mainly unconventional amino acid sequence in the CH1 region. In the future, it will be important to study the presence of IgG molecules with such unconventional CH1 amino acid sequences, and the effects of these amino acid sequences on the structures and immunological properties of the IgG molecules. Received: 4 September 1996 / Revised: 22 October 1996     

Specific glycosidase activity isolated from a random phage display antibody library

Carbohydrates serve as key receptor sites in various cellular events such as viral attachment, tumor formation, and tissue inflammation. A potential route to control these events is to manipulate targeted carbohydrate structures in vivo using specifically designed glycohydrolases. Here we show that a stereospecific catalytic activity designed toward a particular sugar and linkage can be readily isolated from a phage display antibody library derived from a nonimmunized host. The activity was isolated using a transition-state analogue mimicking an alpha-glucosidasic linkage as antigen and showed a 20-fold specificity for that sugar and linkage. The DNA sequence, however, contains a large deletion in the antibody gene, which also changes the downstream reading frame, resulting in a translated sequence containing only 57 amino acids that has a predominantly hydrophobic amino terminal and a strongly hydrophilic carboxy terminal. The isolated catalytic activity has a strong pH dependence, attributable to one or more of the numerous potentially charged groups in the carboxyl terminal. While the protein readily forms more stable multimers, the 7.3-kD monomer represents by far the smallest glycosidase enzyme reported to date and can provide substantial new information toward understanding and modifying glycosidase activity.     

Isolation of broad-specificity domain antibody from phage library for development of pyrethroid immunoassay

An antibody to phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA), the conserved chemical region of pyrethroids, was developed using a domain antibody (DAB) library to enable pyrethroid detection in agricultural products. The DAB library, constructed without animal immunization and based on a human VH framework, displayed repertoires on filamentous bacteriophage. After four rounds of panning, we obtained five domain antibodies that are capable of binding to PBA. Antibody A3 has strong identification capability to cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, and fenvalerate. The antibody A3 was used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IC₅₀ values were 2.586, 1.814, and 2.251 μg/ml for cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, and fenvalerate, respectively. The assay shows weak competition with flucythrinate but shows no competition with fenpropathrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin. The developed ELISA process was successfully applied to fortified Chinese cabbage samples, with the recoveries of cypermethrin, β-cypermethrin, and fenvalerate ranging from 84.4 to 112.3%. We developed an immunoassay to detect pyrethroids depending on the domain antibody library, which overcomes the limitation of requiring protein antigen to immunize animals raising antibody.