Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Genera Hellichiella Rivosecchi et Cardinali, 1975 and Boreosimulium Rubzov et Yankovsky, 1982

The genus name Boreosimulium Rubzov et Yankovsky, 1982 was considered for a long time as a junior synonym of the genus name Hellichiella Rivosecchi et Cardinali, 1975. The status of Boreosimulium as a separate generic (or subgeneric) name has been confirmed in the monograph by Adler, Currie and Wood (2004). In the present paper the indentification keys for the Boreosimulium and Hellichiella (subfam. Simuliinae) species are given. Also the keys for the genera Stegopterna Enderlein, 1930 and Greniera Doby et David, 1959 (subfam. Prosimuliinae) being similar in some characters to the above genera are provided. The lists of species of these genera, together with their distribution ranges (according to the data obtained to the end of 2004) are added.     

5 new species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Siberia, the Far East and Central Asia

Five new species of the family Simuliidae Stegopterna byrrangii Yankovsky, sp. n. and Cnephia chaurensis Yankovsky sp. n., from Taimyr peninsula, Metacnephia olyutorii Yankovsky sp. n. from Kamchatka, Metacnephia karakechensis Yankovsky sp. n. and Montisimulium sonkulense Yankovsky sp. n. from Kirghizia, are described. Stegopterna byrrangii differs from related species: in male--from all known species of the genus by peculiar form of apical end of gonostyles, when apical spine is approximately parallel to inner surface of gonostyle; in female--from all known species of the genus by very long genital lobes (their length twice more than width), from S. longicoxa Rubzov, 1971 and S. duodecimata (Rubzov, 1940) by long stem of genital fork, absence of anterolateral sclerotized projections of branches of genital fork; in pupa--from all known species of the genus by number of filaments of respiratory organ (14-16, when in other species no more than 12). Cnephia chaurensis differs from related species: in male--from C. intermedia Rubzov, 1956 and C. toptchievi Yankovsky, 1996 by absence of medial projection or ridge of gonosternum, from C. intermedia by widened body of gonosternum, from C. toptchievi by ridge on gonocoxites and wide triangular projections near base of arms of gonosternum; in female--from C. intermedia by sclerotized finger-like anterolateral projections of branches of genital fork, subdivision of branches into two lobes, wide flat apical end of stem of genital fork. Metacnephia karakechensis differs from related species: in male--from M. subalpina (Rubzov, 1956) by form of gonostyles, absence of triangular medial projection of gonosternum, short widened gonofurca and more number of spines in parameres, from M. kirjanovae (Rubzov, 1956) and M. slepjani (Rubzov, 1967) by triangular body of gonosternum, widened gonostyles, more number of spines in parameres; in larva--from M. subalpina by more number of rays of primary fan of premandibles, less number of ridges of hooks in posterior attachment organ, from M. kirjanovae by short thick antennae; in pupa--from M. subalpina by character of divergence of upper thick filaments of respiratory organ, from M. kirjanovae by presence of thick filaments of the organ. Metacnephia olyutorii differs from related species: in female--from M. larunae Worobez, 1984 and M. aldanica Worobez, 1987 by thick sclerotized anterolateral projections of branches of genital fork, from M. taimyrica Patrusheva, 1976 by 1-ended (not 3-ended) anterolateral projections of branches of genital fork, large (not shortened) anal lobes, from M. crassifistula (Rubzov, 1956) by very long stem of genital fork. Montisimulium sonkulense differs from related species: in male--from M. brachystylum (Rubzov, 1976) by more prolonged gonostyles, less number of spines of parameres, from M. ocreastylum (Rubzov, 1956) by form of gonostyles, from M. odontostylum (Rubzov, 1947) by more number of spines of parameres; in female--from M. brachystylum and M. odontostylum by stricktly developed posteromedial projections of branches of genital fork, from species having posteromedical projections of branches of genital fork--from M. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)     

Contribution to the fauna of blackflies of the tribe Simuliini (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

The data on the fauna of blackflies of the tribe Simuliini (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) comprising the available literature, collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and new material collected in Yakutia were analyzed. Three new species were recorded in the fauna of Yakutia: Archesimulium polare Rubzov, 1940, A. splendidum Rubzov, 1940, and A. tumulosum Rubzov, 1956. Distribution of 11 species was clarified. Processing of the collected material confirmed the presence of 9 blackfly species previously known from Yakutia. On the whole, the blackfly fauna of the region comprises 27 species.     

Triploidy in populations of three species of black flies of the genus Prosimulium roubaud (Diptera, Simuliidae)]

Karyotypes of 94 larvae belonging to species of black flies of the genus Prosimulium Rouband were studied on aceto-orcein stained squashes of 94 larvae belonging to three species of Prosimulium: P. isos Rubzov, P. pecticrassum Rubzov, and P. pamiricum Chubareva et Petrova. All the larvae appeared to be triploid parthenogenetic females, with no males being found. The structural peculiarities of these polytene chromosomes suggest a heterozygous nature of the examined larvae.     

A karyotypic analysis of 2 species of blackflies in the genus Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Kola Peninsula and Kamchatka

Significant karyotypic differences between the triploid (3n = 9) Prosimulium macropygum Lundstr?m and the diploid (2n = 6) P. macropygum ventosum Rubzov have been found. It is suggested to consider the latter taxon as an independent species P. ventosum.     

4 new species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Central Asia, Siberia and the Far East

Four new species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are described. Helodon rezidentsii Yankovsky, sp. n., Khabarovsk Territory, differs from all known species of the genus with morphology of eyes consisting only of microommatidii in male; from related species H. kamtshaticus (Rubzov, 1940) with large triangular posteromedial lobes of branches of genital fork in female; with number of rays of primary fan of premandibles (20-22, when in H. kamtshaticus 30-32) in larva. Helodon submulticaulis Yankovsky, sp. n., Transbaikalia, differs from related species H. multicaulis (Popov, 1968) with number of rays of primary fan of mandibles (36-40, when in H. multicaulis 26-28), narrow anterior branches of anal sclerite, number of rows of hooks in posterior attachment organ (88-92, when in H. multicaulis 78-80) in larva; with morphology of respiratory organ, consisting of 5-8 lobes bearing 40-60 tune filaments (in H. multicaulis 3-4 lobes bearing more than 150 filaments) in pupa. Sch. samarkandica Yankovsky, sp. n., Uzbekistan, differs from related species Sch. pseudopusilla Rubzov, 1956 with 3 (not 2 as in Sch. pseudopusilla) hooks in parameres, bifurcated lateral branches of X sternite, long projection of gonostyles in male. Schoenbaueria ivdelensis Yankovsky, sp. n., Middle Ural, differs from related species Sch. rangiferina (Rubzov, 1956) with prolonged gonostyles bearing narrow projection in male; with number of rays of secondary fan of premandibles (20-28, when in Sch. rangiferina 44-48), deep ventral groove of cephalic capsule, number of rows of hooks in posterior attachment organ (80-82, when in Sch. rangiferina 70-72) in larva; with morphology of respiratory organ (very long stems of 2 and 3 pairs of filaments) in pupa.     

Contribution to the blackfly fauna (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Iran

A collection of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from western Iran was examined, four species were recorded. Three new species are described: Tetisimulium iranicum sp. n., Wilhelmia lurestanica sp. n., and Crosskeyellum zagros sp. n. The presence of Tetisimulium coarctatum (Rubzov, 1940) in Iran is confirmed.     

新疆蚋属一新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文记述新疆塔城地区蚋属Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ特蚋亚属Ｔｅｔｉｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ－新种,塔城特蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｔｅｔｉｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｔａｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。该种与Ｓ．（Ｔ．）ａｌａｊｅｎｓｅＳ．（Ｔ．）ａｌａｊｅｎｓｅｈｉｅｍａｌｉｓ,Ｓ．（Ｔ．）ｋｏｚｌｏｖｉ和Ｓ．（Ｔ．）ｃｏａｒｃｌａｔａｍ蚋种相似．     

Blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Lapland State Biosphere Nature Reserve, with description of a new species of the genus Argentisimulium Rubzov et Yankovsky, 1982

Eleven blackfly species were collected in the southern part of the Lapland State Biosphere Nature Reserve. Among these, six species, Prosimulium macropyga (Lundström, 1911), Boreosimulium annulus (Lundström, 1911), Schoenbaneria pusilla (Fries, 1824), Odagmia rotundata Rubzov, 1956, Archesimulium tuberosum (Lundström, 1911), and Argentisimulium noelleri (Friederichs, 1920) are common in this region; Archesimulium polare (Rubzov, 1940) is recorded from the Kola Peninsula for the first time; Gnus decimatum (Dorogostajsky et al., 1935) is recorded from the northern part of European Russia for the first time. A new species, Argentisimulium tshuni sp. n., is described from the male, larva, and pupa. The diagnostic characters of the new species are as follows. The male differs from those of the all other species in the presence of a conical projection in the distal part of the gonostylus, absence of an apical spine, presence of one very large spine in the parameres, and shorter gonostylus. In addition, the male differs from most of the congeners in the obsolete basal wrinkled part of the gonofurca. The larva differs from those of the majority of the related species in the presence of only one row of the inner mandibular spines. Records of two species, Helodon ferrugineus (Wahlberg, 1844) and Stegopterna trigonia (Lundström, 1911), identified from a few early-instar larvae, need confirmation. The type material of the new species is deposited at the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.     

西藏林芝真蚋亚属三新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文记述西藏林芝真蚋亚属Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ三种：凸端真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｃｏｎｃａｖｕｓｔｙｌｕｍｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、林芝真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｌｉｎｇｚｉｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、裂缘真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｓｃｈｉｚｏｌｏｍｕｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ 。     

Karyotypic characteristics of the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae) and the problems of systematics

A comparative-karyologycal study of 12 species of black flies of the genus Prosimulium was carried out. Species referring to the groups hirtipes and macropyga have similar karyotypical characteristics differing in general in the degree of ploidy of chromosomal sets. Species which form the group alpestre possess peculiar karyologycal characters occupying due to this an intermediate position between the genera Prosimulium and Helodon. They should be separated into a distinct superspecies taxon, Ahaimophaga Chubareva et Rubzov gen. n. P. multicaulis differs karyotypically from other species of the genus Prosimulium but displays a great resemblance to species of Helodon; due to this it should be assigned to the latter.     

Karyotypic and morphological study of five species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Wilhelmia</Emphasis> Enderlein (Diptera,Simuliidae)

Karyotypic features as well as larval and imaginal morphology have been studied in five species of the black fly genus Wilhelmia, viz. W. equina (Linnaeus, 1758), W. pseudequina (Seguy, 1921), W. lineata (Meigen, 1804), W. veltistshevi (Rubzov, 1940), and W. salopiensis (Edwards, 1927). Photomaps of polytene chromosomes are given for all species (those for W. pseudequina and W. veltistshevi, for the first time). Species-specific karyological and morphological characters have been revealed. According to principal karyological features, the species examined are divided into the equina and salopiensis groups. The validity of the species rank is confirmed for all species. Clear karyological and morphological distinctions between W. salopiensis and W. lineata give evidence that synonymization of W. salopiensis with W. lineata was erroneous.     

Ultrastructure of the trophosome, a food-storage organ in Gastromermis boophthorae (Nematoda: Mermithidae)

The ultrastructure of the trophosome of Gastromermis boophthorae (Welch & Rubzov, 1965) is described at selected points in the life cycle of this mermithid nematode. The trophosome is grossly modified for the assimilation and storage of nutrients, and comparison is made with a generalised nematode intestine, with which it may be homologous. At its maximum development the trophosome is a solid syncytial cylinder which almost fills the body cavity of the nematode. Internally it is packed with nutrient reserves, whilst the outer cytoplasmic layer exhibits features indicative of transport functions. The trophosome is linked to the hypodermis of the body wall by radially-orientated cytoplasmic bridges, and the possible significance of this arrangement is discussed in relation to the nutritional function of the trophosome.     

Brief an die herausgeber nomenklatorische notiz unter berücksichtigung des homonymiegesetzes

The species name of the inozoan sponge Peronidellaparva RIGBY, FAN & ZHANG 1989 is a primary homonym of the speciesPeronidella parva NUTZUBIDZE 1964 and therefore an invalid name. The species name Peronidella rigbyi nom. nov. is proposed for the species mentioned first.     

The correct name of the neotropical soybean bug (Hemiptera: Alydidae)

A species of Neomegalotomus is an occasional pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in the neotropics, including in Brazil. It was known as Neomegalotomus parvus (Westwood); but the discovery of the type specimen of a species described earlier requires that the name be changed to Neomegalotomus simplex (Westwood), which becomes the correct name for the soybean pest.     

中国外来入侵植物的学名考证

基于中国外来入侵植物的相关报道和文献,发现一些入侵植物的学名使用比较混乱,一个物种存在两个或两个以上的名称。依据最新植物志资料,对国内30种外来人侵植物学名进行了考证,包括中名、基名（若存在）、异名、原产地以及在中国的分布等。