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1.
Isolation of magnetotactic bacterium WM-1 from freshwater sediment and phylogenetic characterization
The magnetotactic bacterium was isolated from freshwater sediment from North Lake of Wuhan. The isolate, designated WM-1,
was Gram-negative, helical shaped, and studied by means of electron microscopy. The strain WM-1 was 0.2-0.4 μm in diameter
and 3–4 μm in length. The DNA G + C content was found to be 65.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene (Accession
number DQ899734 in GeneBank) revealed that this isolate was a member ofαsubdivision of the Proteobacteria. Strain WM-1 was closely related (97.7%) to Magnetospirillum sp. AMB-1. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis showed that these two strains were in fact different strains. Electron
diffraction patterns of WM-1 magnetosomes indicated that the magnetosomes were composed of magnetite. The magnetosomes from
WM-1 were cuboidal in shape as observed by electron microscopy. Statistical analysis of magnetite crystals from WM-1 showed
narrow asymmetric size distribution. The average number of magnetosomes in each WM-1 bacterium was 8 ± 3.4. The average length
of magnetosomes in WM-1 was 54 ± 12.3 nm and the average width is 43 ± 10.9 nm. These data showed that the grains in WM-1
were single-domain crystals. 相似文献
2.
Isolation and Characterization of Acetate-Utilizing Anaerobes from a Freshwater Sediment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Acetate-degrading anaerobic microorganisms in freshwater sediment were quantified by the most probable number technique. From
the highest dilutions a methanogenic, a sulfate-reducing, and a nitrate-reducing microorganism were isolated with acetate
as substrate. The methanogen (culture AMPB-Zg) was non-motile and rod-shaped with blunted ends (0.5–1 μm × 3–4 μm long). Doubling
times with acetate at 30–35°C were 5.6–8.1 days. The methanogen grew only on acetate. Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence showed
that AMPB-Zg is closely related toMethanosaeta concilii. The isolated sulfate-reducing bacterium (strain ASRB-Zg) was rod-shaped with pointed ends (0.5–0.7 μm × 1.5–3.5 μm long),
weakly motile, spore forming, and gram positive. At the optimum growth temperature of 30°C the doubling times with acetate
were 3.9–5.3 days. The bacterium grew on a range of organic acids, such as acetate, butyrate, fumarate, and benzoate, but
did not grow autotrophically with H2, CO2, and sulfate. The closest relative of strain ASRB-Zg isDesulfotomaculum acetoxidans. The nitrate-reducing bacterium (strain ANRB-Zg) was rod-shaped (0.5–0.7 μm × 0.7–1 μm long), weakly motile, and gram negative.
Optimum growth with acetate occurred at 20–25°C. The bacterium grew on a range of organic substrates, such as acetate, butyrate,
lactate, and glucose, and did grow autotrophically with H2, CO2, and oxygen but not with nitrate. In the presence of acetate and nitrate, thiosulfate was oxidized to sulfate. Phylogenetically,
the closest relative of strain ANRB-Zg isVariovorax paradoxus. 相似文献
3.
This is the first report on the ascomycete Metschnikowia typographi from the adults and larvae of the great spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus micans in Turkey. In total, 910 of 1928 adults and 44 of 149 larvae investigated during the two years were infected by the pathogen.
In a fresh smear the asci of the pathogen measure 18.5 ± 2.05 μm (14.7–22.3) in length and 2.1 ± 0.4 μm in width (n = 35). The ascospores are about 2 μm shorter than asci, having an average length of 16.4 ± 1.5 μm (14.2–18.0). The total
infection rate of D. micans was 47.2 %. The prevalence of M. typographi infections differed between localities and years. Different infection rates of male and female beetles of D. micans were not recognized. 相似文献
4.
This study was aimed at determining the optimal depth and photon irradiance for growth of Sargassum fulvellum. Sampling and measurement of underwater irradiance were carried out at farms cultivating S. fulvellum at Wando, southwestern coast of Korea, from May 2004 to April 2005. Growth of thalli, underwater irradiance and photosynthetic
quantum yield were measured over a range of depths for three culture stages. During their nursery cultivation stage (Stage
I), length increase was greatest at 1.5 m depth (2.5 ± 0.2 cm), where the average midday irradiance over 28 days was 488 ± 58
μmol photons m−2 s−1. During the pre-main cultivation stage (Stage II), the greatest length increase occurred at 1 m depth (10.9 ± 0.1 cm) with
an average irradiance of 845 ± 169 μmol photons m−2 s−1. For the main cultivation stage (Stage III) of the alga, thalli showed maximal length growth in March and early April at
depths of 1–2 m and 3 m. These results suggest that growth at each cultivation stage of S. fulvellum could be controlled by depth of cultivation rope.
Presented at the 6th Meeting of the Asian Pacific Society of Applied Phycology, Manila, Philippines. 相似文献
5.
Melike Balk Hans G. H. J. Heilig Miriam H. A. van Eekert Alfons J. M. Stams Irene C. Rijpstra Jaap S. Sinninghe-Damsté Willem M. de Vos Servé W. M. Kengen 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2009,13(6):885-894
A novel anaerobic, thermophilic, Gram-positive, spore-forming, and sugar-fermenting bacterium (strain TLO) was isolated from
a geothermal spring in Ayaş, Turkey. The cells were straight to curved rods, 0.4–0.6 μm in diameter and 3.5–10 μm in length.
Spores were terminal and round. The temperature range for growth was 40–80°C, with an optimum at 70°C. The pH optimum was
between 6.3 and 6.8. Strain TLO has the capability to ferment a wide variety of mono-, di-, and polysaccharides and proteinaceous
substrates, producing mainly lactate, next to acetate, ethanol, alanine, H2, and CO2. Remarkably, the bacterium was able to grow in an atmosphere of up to 25% of CO as sole electron donor. CO oxidation was
coupled to H2 and CO2 formation. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the DNA–DNA hybridization
data, this bacterium is most closely related to Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus and Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus (99% similarity for both). However, strain TLO differs from Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus in important aspects, such as CO-utilization and lipid composition. These differences led us to propose that strain TLO represents
a subspecies of Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus, and we therefore name it Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus subsp. carboxydovorans. 相似文献
6.
Patrizia Bonora Ilaria Principi Alejandro Hochkoeppler Roberto Borghese D. Zannoni 《Archives of microbiology》1998,170(6):435-441
The halophilic purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodospirillum sodomense has been previously described as an obligate phototroph that requires yeast extract and a limited number of organic compounds
for photoheterotrophic growth. In this work, we report on chemoheterotrophic growth of R. sodomense in media containing either acetate or succinate supplemented with 0.3–0.5% yeast extract. Plasma membranes isolated from
cells grown aerobically in the dark contained three b-type and three c-type membrane-bound cytochromes with E
m,7 of +171 ± 10, +62 ± 10 and –45 ± 13 mV (561–575 nm), and +268 ± 6, +137 ± 10 and –43 ± 12 mV (551–540 nm). A small amount
of a soluble c-type cytochrome with a mol. mass of 15 kDa (E
m,7≥ +150 mV) was identified. Spectroscopic and immunological methods excluded the presence of cytochrome of the c
2
class and high-potential iron-sulfur proteins. Inhibitory studies indicated that only 60–70% of the respiratory activity
was blocked by low concentrations of cyanide, antimycin A, and myxothiazol (10, 0.1, and 0.2 μM, respectively). These results
were interpreted to show that the oxidative electron transport chain of R. sodomense is branched, leads to a quinol oxidase that is fully blocked by 1 mM cyanide and that is involved in light-dependent oxygen
reduction, and leads to a cytochrome c oxidase that is inhibited by 10 μM cyanide. These features taken together suggest that R. sodomense differs from the closely related species Rhodospirillum salinarum and from other species of the genus Rhodospirillum in that it contains multiple membrane-bound cytochromes c.
Received: 8 June 1998 / Accepted: 25 August 1998 相似文献
7.
Solveig K. Petursdottir Jakob K. Kristjansson 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》1997,1(2):94-99
Mesophilic, moderately halophilic bacteria were isolated from a silica-rich geothermal lake, the Blue Lagoon in Iceland.
The isolates are strictly aerobic, but reduce nitrate to nitrite, and are oxidase- and catalase-positive. The nonsporeforming
and nonmotile Gram negative rods are 0.6–0.8 μm in diameter and variable in length (9–18 μm), and contain gas vacuoles. The
GC content in their DNA is 66.15%. The minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures for growth are 22°C, 45°:C, and 50°C, respectively.
The isolates do not grow without added salt in the medium and can grow at up to 7% NaCl (w/v). The optimal salinity for growth
is 3.5%–4% NaCl. The pH range for growth is 6.5–8.5, with the optimal pH at 7.0. At optimal conditions the bacterium has a
doubling time of 80 min. The main cytochrome is a membrane-bound cytochrome c with an α-peak at 549 nm. Sequencing of 16S rRNA from the type strain ITI-1157 revealed it to be a proteobacterium of the
α-subclass with the closest relatives being Roseobacter litoralis and Paracoccus kocurii. The new isolates do not contain bacteriochlorophyll a and are considered to represent a new genus and a new species, Silicibacter lacuscaerulensis.
Received: September 17, 1996 / Accepted: December 10, 1996 相似文献
8.
Melike Balk Farrakh Mehboob Antonie H. van Gelder W. Irene C. Rijpstra Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté Alfons J. M. Stams 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2010,88(2):595-603
A mesophilic bacterium, strain An4, was isolated from an underground gas storage reservoir with methanol as substrate and
perchlorate as electron acceptor. Cells were Gram-negative, spore-forming, straight to curved rods, 0.5–0.8 μm in diameter,
and 2–8 μm in length, growing as single cells or in pairs. The cells grew optimally at 37°C, and the pH optimum was around
7. Strain An4 converted various alcohols, organic acids, fructose, acetoin, and H2/CO2 to acetate, usually as the only product. Succinate was decarboxylated to propionate. The isolate was able to respire with
(per)chlorate, nitrate, and CO2. The G+C content of the DNA was 42.6 mol%. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain An4 was most closely related
to Sporomusa ovata (98% similarity). The bacterium reduced perchlorate and chlorate completely to chloride. Key enzymes, perchlorate reductase
and chlorite dismutase, were detected in cell-free extracts. 相似文献
9.
Veena Agrawal Pratima Rani Sardar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2007,43(6):585-592
In vitro regeneration through somatic embryogenesis as well as organogenesis using cotyledon of a woody medicinal legume, Cassia angustifolia is reported. The cotyledons dissected from semi-mature seeds, if inoculated on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) supplemented
with auxin alone or in combination with cytokinin, produced direct and indirect somatic embryos. A maximum of 14.36 ± 2.26
somatic embryos per 20 mg of explants including callus were produced in 70% cultures on MS medium with 2.5 μM benzyladenine
(BA) + 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Although the percentage of embryogenic cultures was higher (83.33%) at
10 μM 2,4-D + 1 μM BA, the average number of somatic embryos was much less (7.6 ± 0.85) at this level, whereas at 2.5 μM BA
and 5 μM 2,4-D, there was a simultaneous formation of both somatic embryos and shoots. The somatic embryos, although started
germinating on the same medium, developed into full plantlets only if transferred to MS basal with 2% sucrose. Cytokinins
alone did not induce somatic embryogenesis, but formed multiple shoots. Five micromolar BA proved optimum for recurrently
inducing shoots in the competent callus with a maximum average of 12.04 ± 2.10 shoots and shoot length of 2.26 ± 0.03 cm.
Nearly 91.6% shoots (2–2.5 cm in size) organized an average of 5.12 ± 0.58 roots on half strength MS + 10 μM indole-3-butyric
acid. All the plantlets have been transferred successfully to soil. Types of auxin and its interaction with cytokinin significantly
influenced somatic embryogenesis. 相似文献
10.
Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed Jiro Arima Tsuyoshi Ichiyanagi Emi Sakuno Nobuhiro Mori 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(8):1455-1464
Soil isolates, identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain A9 and Pseudomonas sp. strain B9b (based on the phenotypic features and phylogenetic analysis) were found to degrade homocholine aerobically.
Morphological characterization using the optical microscope under light and phase contrast conditions showed that cells of
strain A9 formed short rods measuring approximately 0.5–1 × 1.5–2.0 μm in size while those of B9b formed long rods of 0.5–1 × 2.5–3.0 μm
during the early growth phase on both nutrient broth and basal-homocholine (basal-HC) media. Strain A9 was able to grow on
basal-HC medium at a wide range of temperatures (4–41°C) whereas strain B9b was not able to grow at either 4 or 41°C. Comparative
16S rRNA sequencing studies indicated that strain A9 fell into the Pseudomonas putida subclade whereas strain B9b located in Pseudomonas fulva subclade. Washed cells of strains A9 and B9b degraded homocholine completely within 6 h with concomitant formation of several
metabolites. Analysis of the metabolites by capillary electrophoresis, fast atom bombardment–mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry, showed trimethylamine (TMA) as the major metabolite beside β-alanine betaine and trimethylaminopropionaldehyde.
Therefore, the possible degradation pathway of homocholine in the isolated strains is through successive oxidation of the
alcohol group (–OH) to aldehyde (–CHO) and acid (–COOH), and thereafter the cleavage of β-alanine betaine C–N bonds yielding
trimethylamine and an alkyl chain. 相似文献
11.
A new type of phototrophic purple bacterium, strain 930I, was isolated from a microbial mat covering intertidal sandy sediments
of Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh (Woods Hole, Mass., USA). The bacterium could only be enriched at a wavelength of 932 (±
10) nm. Cells were vibrioid- to spirilloid-shaped and motile by means of bipolar monotrichous flagellation. The intracytoplasmic
membranes were of the lamellar type. Photosynthetic pigments comprised bacteriochlorophyll a and the carotenoids spirilloxanthin and lycopenal. The isolated strain exhibited an unusual, long-wavelength absorption maximum
at 911 nm. Sulfide or thiosulfate served as electron donor for anoxygenic phototrophic growth. During growth on sulfide, elemental
sulfur globules formed outside the cells. Elemental sulfur could not be further oxidized to sulfate. In the presence of sulfide
plus bicarbonate, fructose, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, 2-oxoglutarate, pyruvate, lactate, malate, succinate,
fumarate, malonate, casamino acids, yeast extract, L(+)-alanine, and L(+)-glutamate were assimilated. Sulfide, thiosulfate,
or elemental sulfur served as a reduced sulfur source for photosynthetic growth. Maximum growth rates were obtained at pH
7.9, 30 °C, 50 μmol quanta m–2 s–1 of daylight fluorescent tubes, and a salinity of 1–2% NaCl. The strain grew microaerophilically in the dark at a partial
pressure of 1 kPa O2. The DNA base composition was 71.2 mol% G + C. Sequence comparison of 16S rRNA genes indicated that the isolate is a member
of the α-Proteobacteria and is most closely related to Rhodobium orientis at a similarity level of 93.5%. Because of the large phylogenetic distance to known phototrophic species of the α-Proteobacteria
and of its unique absorption spectrum, strain 930I is described as a new genus and species, Roseospirillum parvum gen. nov. and sp. nov.
Received: 29 December 1998 / Accepted: 17 March 1999 相似文献
12.
Jin-Ha Jeong Young-Dong Jeon O-Mi Lee Jeong-Do Kim Na-Ri Lee Geun-Tae Park Hong-Joo Son 《Biodegradation》2010,21(6):1029-1040
In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel feather-degrading bacterium that shows keratinolytic, antifungal and
plant growth-promoting activities. A bacterium S8 was isolated from forest soil and confirmed to belong to Bacillus subtilis by BIOLOG system and 16S rRNA gene analysis. The improved culture conditions for the production of keratinolytic protease
were 0.1% (w/v) sorbitol, 0.3% (w/v) KNO3, 0.1% (w/v) K2HPO4, 0.06% (w/v) KH2PO4 and 0.04% (w/v) MgCl2·6H2O (pH 8.0 and 30°C), respectively. In the improved medium containing 0.1% (w/v) feather, keratinolytic protease production
was around 53.3 ± 0.3 U/ml at 4 day; this value was 10-fold higher than the yield in the basal feather medium (5.3 ± 0.1 U/ml).
After cultivation for 5 days in the improved medium, intact feather was completely degraded. Feather degradation resulted
in free –SH group, soluble protein and amino acids production. The concentration of free –SH group in the culture medium was
15.5 ± 0.2 μM at 4 days. Nineteen amino acids including all essential amino acids were produced in the culture medium; the
concentration of total amino acid produced was 3360.4 μM. Proline (2809.9 μM), histidine (371.3 μM) and phenylalanine (172.0 μM)
were the major amino acids released in the culture medium. B. subtilis S8 showed the properties related to plant growth promotion: hydrolytic enzymes, ammonification, indoleacetic acid (IAA),
phosphate solubilization, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Interestingly, the strain S8 grown in the improved medium
produced IAA and antifungal activity, indicating simultaneous production of keratinolytic and antifungal activities and IAA
by B. subtilis S8. These results suggest that B. subtilis S8 could be not only used to improve the nutritional value of feather wastes but also is useful in situ biodegradation of
feather wastes. Furthermore, it could also be a potential biofertilizer or biocontrol agent applicable to crop plant soil. 相似文献
13.
Ampullary organs of Euristhmus lepturus occur in high densities along the head and in four parallel pathways along the trunk of the body. Large ampullary pores (125–130 μm)
are easily distinguishable from other sensory epithelial pores due to the differences in size and the presence of a collar-like
structure. Simple, singular ampullary organs of the head region consist of an ampullary pore connected to a long canal with
a diameter of 115–175 μm before terminating as a simple ampulla with an external diameter of 390–480 μm. The ampullary canal
is composed of 1–2 layers of flattened squamous epithelial cells, the basement membrane and an interlocking collagen sheath.
The innermost cells lining the canal wall are adjoined via tight junctions and numerous desmosomes, as are those of the receptor
and supportive cells. Canal wall tissue gives rise to a sensory epithelium containing between 242 and 285 total receptor cells,
with an average diameter of 11.7 ± 5.3 μm, intermixed with medially nucleated supportive cells. Each receptor cell (21.38 ± 4.41 μm,
height) has an apically positioned nucleus and a luminal surface covered with numerous microvilli. Neural terminals abut the
basal region of receptor cells opposite multiple presynaptic bodies and dense mitochondria. Supportive cells extend from the
ampullary lumen to the basement membrane, which is adjacent to the complex system of collagen fibres. 相似文献
14.
M. V. Zaichikova Yu. Yu. Berestovskaya V. N. Akimov A. K. Kizilova L. V. Vasilieva 《Microbiology》2010,79(4):483-490
A new species of the genus Ancylobacter, exemplified by strain Z-0056, was isolated from dystrophic humified waters formed by xylotrophic fungi grown on decaying
spruce wood. The cells of strain Z-0056 (0.65–0.9 μm) are coccoid, gram-negative, with fimbriae, and nonmotile. The strain
is pleomorphic and reproduces by nonuniform division. Strain Z-0056 is an aerobic organoheterotroph and a mesophilic and moderately
acidophilic oligotrophic microorganism. As an inhabitant of dystrophic ultrafresh waters, strain Z-0056 is sensitive to NaCl.
The bacterium utilizes organic acids (acetate, pyruvate, oxalate, gluconate, malate, succinate, and citrate), as well as xylose
and xylan. The microorganism grows in a pH range of 4.0–8.0, with an optimum at pH 5.5. The temperature range for growth is
15–25°C, with an optimum at 20°C. According to its ecophysiological properties, strain Z-0056 belongs to the group of ombrophilic
dissipotrophs. The DNA G+C base content is 66.8 mol %. According to phylogenetic analysis, strain Z-0056 belongs to the genus
Ancylobacter. Strain Z-0056 showed the highest similarity (98.3%) with the type strain of the species A. oerskovii. The phenotypic and phylogenetic properties of strain Z-0056 support classification of this microorganism within the genus
Ancylobacter as the novel species Ancylobacter abiegnus sp. nov. 相似文献
15.
Antonio Ventura-Suárez Ramón Cruz-Camarillo Joanne Rampersad David R. Ammons Edgar O. López-Villegas Jorge E. Ibarra Luz I. Rojas-Avelizapa 《Current microbiology》2011,62(1):307-312
Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium best known for its production of crystal-like bodies comprised of one or more Cry-proteins, which can be toxic
to insects, nematodes or cancer cells. Although strains of B. thuringiensis have occasionally been observed with filamentous appendages attached to their spores, appendages in association with their
parasporal bodies are extremely rare. Herein we report the characterization of Bt1-88, a bacterial strain isolated from the
Caribbean that produces a spore–crystal complex containing six long appendages, each comprised of numerous thinner filaments
approximately 10 nm in diameter and 2.5 μm in length. Each of the multi-filament appendages was attached to a single, small
parasporal body located at one end of the bacterial spore. Biochemical tests, 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and the identification
of two Cry proteins by partial protein sequencing (putatively Cry1A and Cry2A), unambiguously identified Bt1-88 as a strain
of B. thuringiensis. Bt1-88 represents the second reported strain of B. thuringiensis possessing a parasporal body/appendage phenotype characterized by one or more long appendages, comprised of numerous filaments
in association with a parasporal body. This finding suggests that Bt1-88 is a member of a new phenotypic class of B. thuringiensis, in which the parasporal body may perform a novel structural role through its association with multi-filament appendages. 相似文献
16.
Morphological and Genetic Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saimiri boliviensis</Emphasis>
Eliana Ruth Steinberg Mariela Nieves Marina Sofía Ascunce Ana María Palermo Marta Dolores Mudry 《International journal of primatology》2009,30(1):29-41
The taxonomy of Saimiri is controversial because morphological characteristics, traditionally used for identification, are insufficient to distinguish
species and subspecies. Genetic studies of specimens become relevant for captive management, especially considering their
frequently unknown geographical origin. We analyzed phenotypic and genetic parameters in Saimiri spp. in Argentinean zoological gardens and biological stations to provide a more accurate taxonomic identification. We studied
27 males and 19 females of Saimiri spp. The cytogenetic analysis in mitotic metaphases corroborated a modal number of 2N = 44, XX/XY, and FN = 75 for males
and FN = 76 for females. G- and C-bands, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the pelage coloration pattern of all the specimens corresponded to Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis. We characterized for the first time the sperm cell morphology and morphometry (mean ± SE): total length: 71.39 ± 5.40 μm;
head length: 5.71 ± 0.81 μm; head width: 3.76 ± 0.70 μm; acrosome length: 3.70 ± 0.82 μm; midpiece length: 12.20 ± 2.22 μm.
Researchers can use the characterization of the sperm morphology as another parameter for taxonomic identification that, together
with cytogenetic and molecular ones, would allow a more precise identification of individual Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis. 相似文献
17.
Jyoti P. Jadhav Swapnil S. Phugare Rhishikesh S. Dhanve Shekhar B. Jadhav 《Biodegradation》2010,21(3):453-463
A newly isolated novel bacterium from sediments contaminated with dyestuff was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BCH by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterium was extraordinarily active and operative over a wide rage of
temperature (10–60°C) and salinity (5–6%), for decolorization of Direct Orange 39 (Orange TGLL) at optimum pH 7. This strain
was capable of decolorizing Direct Orange 39; 50 mg l−1 within 45 ± 5 min, with 93.06% decolorization, while maximally it could decolorize 1.5 g l−1 of dye within 48 h with 60% decolorization. Analytical studies as, UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, HPLC were employed to confirm
the biodegradation of dye and formation of new metabolites. Induction in the activities of lignin peroxidases, DCIP reductase
as well as tyrosinase was observed, indicating the significant role of these enzymes in biodegradation of Direct Orange 39.
Toxicity studies with Phaseolus mungo and Triticum aestivum revealed the non-toxic nature of degraded metabolites. 相似文献
18.
The novel chitinolytic bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii strain JM2 was isolated from the stool of healthy volunteers supplied daily per orally with 3 g of chitosan. The bacterium
grown on colloidal chitin produced a complete array of chitinolytic enzymes. Significant activities of endochitinase, exochitinase
and chitosanase were excreted into the medium (301, 282 and 268 nkat/μg protein, respectively). The high cellular activity
of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and chitosanase were detected (732.4 and 154 nkat/μg protein, respectively). NAGase activity
represented the main activity associated with the cellular fraction. The activities of both enzymes tested increased from
20 to 50 °C; the optimum reaction temperature estimated being 50 °C. Endochitinase as well as NAGase showed an activity in
the pH interval of 4.0–8.0; the optimum pH values were 6.5 and 6.0, respectively. The extracellular endochitinase complex
consisted of six isoenzymes with molar mass of 32–76 kDa; in the cellular fraction five bands with molar mass of 45–86 kDa
were detected. Exochitinase activity was demonstrated in the form of three bands (with molar mass of 30–57 kDa), NAGase activity
displayed one band of 45 kDa. 相似文献
19.
Silke Ehrich Doris Behrens Elena Lebedeva Wolfgang Ludwig Eberhard Bock 《Archives of microbiology》1995,164(1):16-23
A gram-negative, non-motile, non-marine, nitrite-oxidizing bacterium was isolated from an enrichment culture initiated with
a sample from a partially corroded area of an iron pipe of a heating system in Moscow, Russia. The cells were 0.9–2.2 μm ×
0.2–0.4 μm in size. They were helical- to vibroid-shaped and often formed spirals with up to three turns 0.8–1.0 μm in width.
The organism possessed an enlarged periplasmic space and lacked intracytoplasmic membranes and carboxysomes. The cells tended
to excrete extracellular polymers, forming aggregates. The bacterium grew optimally at 39°C and pH 7.6– 8.0 in a mineral medium
with nitrite as sole energy source and carbon dioxide as sole carbon source. The optimal nitrite concentration was 0.35 mM.
Nitrite was oxidized to nitrate stoichiometrically. The doubling time was 12 h in a mineral medium with 7.5 mM nitrite. The
cell yield was low; only 0.9 mg protein/l was formed during oxidation of 7.5 mM nitrite. Under anoxic conditions, hydrogen
was used as electron donor with nitrate as electron acceptor. Organic matter (yeast extract, meat extract, peptone) supported
neither mixotrophic nor heterotrophic growth. At concentrations as low as 0.75 g organic matter/l or higher, growth of nitrite-oxidizing
cells was inhibited. The cells contained cytochromes of the b- and c-type. The G+C content of DNA was 56.9 ± 0.4 mol%. The chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizer differed from the terrestrial
members of the genus Nitrobacter with regard to morphology and substrate range and equaled Nitrospira marina in both characteristics. The isolated bacterium is designated as a new species of the genus Nitrospira. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a moderate phylogenetic relationship to Nitrospira marina, leptospirilla, Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii, "Magnetobacterium bavaricum," and the isolate OPI-2. Initial evidence is given that these organisms represent a new phylum of the domain bacteria.
Received: 17 February 1995 / Accepted: 18 April 1995 相似文献
20.
A. I. Saralov B. B. Kuznetsov E. M. Reutskikh R. V. Baslerov A. N. Panteleeva N. E. Suzina 《Microbiology》2012,81(5):582-588
A halophilic nonpigmented rod-shaped (0.8–1.0 × 2.0–2.5 μm), gram-negative bacterium with a single polar flagellum (strain RS91) was isolated from acidic brines of flotation enrichment of potassium minerals (Silvinit Co., Solikamsk, Russia). The strain grew in the media with 2 to 25% NaCl (optimum at 10–12%), 20–45°C (optimum at 37°C), and pH 5.5–8.5 (optimum 6.5–7.5). It was an aerobe or facultative anaerobe incapable of fermentation. The strain was characterized by the absence of growth on glucose, fructose, and citrate, extensive aerobic growth on n-hexadecane and in the mineral medium with H2 + O2 + CO2 in the gas phase, anaerobic nitrate reduction with acetate or hydrogen (under H2 + CO2 + N2), and variable fatty acid composition. The DNA G+C content was 68.2 mol %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that while strain RS91 was most closely related to Arhodomonas aquaeolei HA-1T (98.3%) and Nitrococcus mobilis (98.1%), it was only remotely related to the halophilic phototroph Halorhodospira halophila (90.6%). Based on the combination of its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, the organism was classified as a new species of the genus Arhodomonas, family Ectothiorhodospiraceae with the proposed name Arhodomonas recens sp. nov. The type strain is RS91T (= IEGM 796T = VKPM B-11280T). 相似文献