A comparison of gluteus medius,gluteus minimus and tensor facia latae muscle activation during gait in post-menopausal women with and without greater trochanteric pain syndrome

The effect of greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) on gluteus medius (GMed) and minimus (GMin) activation in post-menopausal women is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare segmental muscle activation and variability of the GMed, GMin and tensor fascia latae (TFL) during gait in post-menopausal women with and without GTPS.Intramuscular electrodes were inserted into segments of GMin (x2) and GMed (x3) and a surface electrode placed on TFL. Ten control participants and 8 with GTPS completed six walking trials. Peak amplitude, average amplitude and time to peak from each phase of the gait cycle (0–30%, 30%- toe off (TO), total stance and swing) were compared between groups using independent t-tests and effect-size (ES) calculations. Variability of muscle activation was calculated using the mean coefficient of variation (CV). Reversal of anterior GMin electromyographic burst pattern and greater average muscle activity was found in the GTPS group compared to controls: 0-TO for anterior GMin (p < 0.05), anterior and middle GMed (p < 0.01); 0–30% for posterior GMin (p < 0.01) and GMed (p < 0.05). No significant differences were identified in TFL. Overall, this study found increased segmental gluteal muscle activation, decreased hip abduction strength, and reduced variability in muscle activation in post-menopausal women with GTPS, compared with controls.     

Comparative Study of 250 mg/day Terbinafine and 100 mg/day Itraconazole for the Treatment of Cutaneous Sporotrichosis

Abstract  

Itraconazole is currently used for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis. Terbinafine at a daily dose of 250 mg has been successfully applied to the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis.     

Severe course of Lyme neuroborreliosis in an HIV-1 positive patient; case report and review of the literature

Background  

Lyme Neuroborreliosis (LNB) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient is a rare co-infection and has only been reported four times in literature. No case of an HIV patient with a meningoencephalitis due to LNB in combination with HIV has been described to date.     

Examination of actin and microtubule dependent APC localisations in living mammalian cells

Background  

The trafficking of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor protein in mammalian cells is a perennially controversial topic. Immunostaining evidence for an actin-associated APC localisation at intercellular junctions has been previously presented, though live imaging of mammalian junctional APC has not been documented.     

A new allele of flower color gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">W1</Emphasis> encoding flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase is responsible for light purple flowers in wild soybean <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine soja</Emphasis>

Background  

Glycine soja is a wild relative of soybean that has purple flowers. No flower color variant of Glycine soja has been found in the natural habitat.     

FGF signaling inhibits the proliferation of human myeloma cells and reduces c-<Emphasis Type="Italic">myc</Emphasis> expression

Background  

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of antibody producing plasma cells whose etiology is unknown. FGF signaling has been implicated in myeloma pathogenesis but its precise role remains unclear.     

LcrG secretion is not required for blocking of Yops secretion in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Yersinia pestis</Emphasis>

Background  

LcrG, a negative regulator of the Yersinia type III secretion apparatus has been shown to be primarily a cytoplasmic protein, but is secreted at least in Y. pestis. LcrG secretion has not been functionally analyzed and the relevance of LcrG secretion on LcrG function is unknown.     

CNV-seq, a new method to detect copy number variation using high-throughput sequencing

Background  

DNA copy number variation (CNV) has been recognized as an important source of genetic variation. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is commonly used for CNV detection, but the microarray platform has a number of inherent limitations.     

Calcium-mediated transductive systems and functionally active gap junctions in astrocyte-like GL15 cells

Background  

It has been proposed that GL15, a human cell line derived from glioblastoma multiforme, is a possible astroglial-like cell model, based on the presence of cytoplasmic glial fibrillary acidic protein.     

The orthology of HLA-E and H2-Qa1 is hidden by their concerted evolution with other MHC class I molecules

Background  

Whether MHC molecules undergo concerted evolution or not has been the subject of a long-standing debate.     

DprA/Smf protein localizes at the DNA uptake machinery in competent <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> cells

Background  

DprA is a widely conserved bacterial protein and has been shown to confer an important function during transformation in competent cells, possibly through protection of incoming DNA. B. subtilis DprA (called Smf) and has been shown to play an important role during transformation with chromosomal DNA, but its mode of action is unknown.     

Reduced responsiveness is an essential feature of chronic fatigue syndrome: A fMRI study

Background  

Although the neural mechanism of chronic fatigue syndrome has been investigated by a number of researchers, it remains poorly understood.     

Statistical distributions of optimal global alignment scores of random protein sequences

Background  

The inference of homology from statistically significant sequence similarity is a central issue in sequence alignments. So far the statistical distribution function underlying the optimal global alignments has not been completely determined.     

Crystallographic characterization of two novel crystal forms of human insulin induced by chaotropic agents and a shift in pH

Background  

Insulin is a therapeutic protein that is widely used for the treatment of diabetes. Its biological function was discovered more than 80 years ago and it has since then been characterized extensively. Crystallization of the insulin molecule has always been a key activity since the protein is often administered by subcutaneous injections of crystalline insulin formulations. Over the years, insulin has been crystallized and characterized in a number of crystal systems.     

Simultaneous tracking of fly movement and gene expression using GFP

Background  

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is used extensively as a reporter for transgene expression in Drosophila and other organisms. However, GFP has not generally been used as a reporter for circadian patterns of gene expression, and it has not previously been possible to correlate patterns of reporter expression with 3D movement and behavior of transgenic animals.     

Amphioxus encodes the largest known family of green fluorescent proteins, which have diversified into distinct functional classes

Background  

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been found in a wide range of Cnidaria, a basal group of metazoans in which it is associated with pigmentation, fluorescence, and light absorbance. A GFP has been recently discovered in the pigmentless chordate Branchiostoma floridae (amphioxus) that shows intense fluorescence mainly in the head region.     

Quantitative relationship between synonymous codon usage bias and GC composition across unicellular genomes

Background  

Codon usage bias has been widely reported to correlate with GC composition. However, the quantitative relationship between codon usage bias and GC composition across species has not been reported.     

In-situ and invasive carcinoma within a phyllodes tumor associated with lymph node metastases

Background  

Phyllodes tumors (cystosarcoma phyllodes) are uncommon lesions in the female breast. Rarely, the occurrence of carcinoma within a phyllodes tumor has been reported in the literature, but has never been associated with lymph node metastases.     

Increased expression of heat shock protein 105 in rat uterus of early pregnancy and its significance in embryo implantation

Background  

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a set of highly conserved proteins, Hsp105, has been suggested to play a role in reproduction.