中国南海海岸的红树林

红树林是热带海岸潮滩上一种特殊的植被类型和生物资源。我国南海海岸为我国红树林的重要分布区,包括桂、粤、台、闽南部海岸,但主要是广东省的海岸,尤为海南岛。群落的组成种类丰富,有21科、27属和38种,其中红树林的有9种,占世界红树科种数的54％。我国红树林根据其群落的各种特征,可以划分人海滩红树林和海岸半红树林两类,共包括15个群落类型,其组成种类、外貌结构与马来半岛及其邻近岛屿相似。因此,我国的红树林应属于世界红树林的东方群系。 木文还介绍我国南海海岸红树林的分布和演替,并根据红树林的特点提出保护和经营管理问题。     

伊克昭弓鳍鱼在华南的发现

<正> 近年来,随着地层工作的深入,在华南中生代晚期地层中,接二连三地发现了与华北中生代晚期狼鳍鱼群中的鱼化石相近的种类。继华南中华弓鳍鱼(Sinamia huananensis,苏德造,1973)、伍氏副狼鳍鱼(Paralycoptera wui,张弥曼、周家健,1977)之后,浙江省区测队在缙云县壶镇水口晚侏罗世火山岩系的沉积夹层中,又发现了伊克昭弓鳍鱼(Ikechao-amia)。这一鱼化石和内蒙的东方伊克昭弓鳍鱼(I.orientalis Liu)有些不同,我们在此简单记述,并对伊克昭弓鳍鱼属的特征作些补充,以期对我国南、北地区中生代晚期鱼群的综合研究提供些许资料。     

THE CRESTED CUCKOOS OF SOUTH AFRICA

Boshoff, A. F. &; Palmer, N. G. 1980 Macro-analysis of prey remains from Martial Eagle nests in the Cape Province. Ostrich 51:7-13.

A total of 346 prey items, collected from nine Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus nests in the Cape Province, was analyzed. The importance of e.g. Leporidae and Viverridae in the prey spectrum is emphasized. Young domestic small-stock appear to stand at least as much chance of predation by large eagles as does the natural prey of these birds. Nevertheless stock predation by territorial, mated Martial Eagles was only 8% in this study, with some, at least, probably taken as carrion. The validity of the analysis of prey remains collected from or below eagle nests is discussed.     

广西裸子植物

广西本土生长的裸子植物共43种,包含苏铁科3种,三尖杉科4种,红豆杉科4种,罗汉松科6种,松科17种,杉科1种,柏科3种,和买麻藤科5种。虽然它们在本区分布较广,但其种类多集中于北部和中部属酸性土且气候较凉的山脉上。 油杉有数种生长在石灰岩石山上,它们比低地的松树之外的裸子植物较为耐旱。少数种类稀少且分布局限,少数为特有。 经作者研究,广西裸子植物的学名有些需要修改:Cephalotaxus hainanensis和C.griffithii应归并于C.mannii;Podocarpus imbricatus需改为DacrycarPus imbricatus,Podocarpusfteuryi或Deeusocarpus fleuryi改为Nageia fteuryi,Podocarpus nagi或Decuso-corpus nagi改为Nageia nagi,过去误定为Podocarpus brevifolius或P.wangii应改为Podocarpus pilgeri;Kereleeria pubescens应归并于K.davidiana,K.hainanensis归并于K.evelyniana,K.eyelolepis和K.oblonga归并于K.fortunei;Tsuga longibra-cteata改为Nothotsuga longibracteata;Cupressus funebris改为Chamaecyparis fune-bris,不同意把Pinus Kwangtungensis改为p.wangii var.kwangtungensis等。     

FORAGING PATTERNS OF SOME SOUTH AFRICAN FLYCATCHERS

Fraser, W. 1983. Foraging patterns of some South African flycatchers. Ostrich 54:150-155.

The foraging behaviour of eight species of flycatchers found in South Africa was studied. Four feeding techniques were recognized: hawking, hawking-gleaning, gleaning and pouncing. The Chinspot Batis Batis molitor, Pririt Batis Batis pririt, Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis and the Leadcoloured Flycatcher Myioparus plumbeus use hawking-gleaning as their main feeding technique and forage predominantly within the canopy of the vegetation. The Fiscal Flycatcher Sigelus silens, Black Flycatcher Melaenornis pammelaina and Marico Flycatcher Melaenornis mariquensis use pouncing as their main feeding technique and forage outside the canopy. The Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata uses hawking as its main feeding technique and also forages outside the vegetation. While foraging the canopy-feeders are active and continually on the move through the vegetation in their search for prey whereas those foraging outside the vegetation are far less active and employ still-hunting, waiting for their prey to appear.     

WATER TRANSPARENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUTH AFRICAN IMPOUNDMENTS

SUMMARY

Some water transparency characteristics (Secchi disc transparency, mean diffuse light attenuation coefficient and turbidity) of a number of South African impoundments are compared. In general most impoundments may be considered to be highly turbid; for 92 impoundments considered in this paper the modal mean Secchi disc transparency was in the class 0 to 0,5 m. The geographical distribution of water transparency within South Africa shows good agreement with the geographical distribution of sediment production, indicating that suspended inorganic material is the dominant factor governing water transparency in most impoundments. There is evidence that eutrophication and mineralization are processes which lead to increased water transparency. High turbidity and its role in influencing the limnology and management of impoundments is discussed. More in-depth investigations are needed to evaluate the contributions by coloured substances, suspended silt and phytoplankton to light attenuation within individual impoundments.     

我国南方产狭叶型龙胆的研究

产于我国南方的狭叶型龙胆(以下简称狭叶型)先后曾出现过Genti-ana scabra Bunge^[1] G.manshurica Kitagawa^[2]等不同名称。究竟狭叶型的分类地位如何?与龙胆(G.scabra Bge.)或东北龙胆(G.man-shurica Kitag.)有无亲缘关系?如果有的话,是什么关系?显然,这是一个需要通过进一步研究加以阐明的问题。