Bryophytes of the northern Yukon Territory,Canada, collected by A. J. Sharp and others

Two hundred and eight taxa of bryophytes, including two hundred and seven species, are reported from extreme northern Yukon. Five hepatic and eighteen moss taxa represent new records for the Yukon, which areAnastrophyllum hellerianum (Nees) Schust.,Scapania degenii Schiffn. in K. Müll.,Riccardia palmata (Hedw.) Carruth.,Mannia sibirica (K. Müll.) Frye & Clark,Sauteria alpina (Nees) Nees,Sphagnum orientale Savich,Dicranum spadiceum Zett.,Anoectangium aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt.,Barbula coreensis (Card.) Saito,B. platyneura C. Müll. & Kindb.,Pottia obtusifolia C. Müll.,Splachnum vasculosum Hedw.,Bryum acutiforme Limpr. ex Hag.,B. bimum (Brid.) Turn.,B. intermedium (Brid.) Bland.,B. neodamense Itzigs.,Cinclidium latifolium Lindb.,Timmia comata Lindb. & Arn.,Orthothecium acuminatum Bryhn,Cratoneuron arcticum Steere,Drepanocladus brevifolius (Lindb.) Warnst.,D. intermedius (Lindb.) Warnst., andD. lycopodioides (Brid.) Warnst. Many of the other collections represent significant extensions of ranges to the arctic sector of the Yukon Territory.     

On the identities of some neglected species of Grimmiaceae from Îles Kerguelen

Taxonomic status of five species of Grimmia Hedw. (G. minuta Müll.Hal., G. suborthotrichacea Müll.Hal., G. defoliata Müll.Hal., G. genuflexa Müll.Hal., and G. orthotrichacea Müll.Hal.) is appraised. All these species correctly belong within the genus Bucklandiella Roiv. They are actually inseparable from one another and represent a single species for which B. orthotrichacea (Müll.Hal.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra is chosen as the final name. The remaining four names are considered its synonyms, all but G. genuflexa being new. All the names are lectotypified and some details of the leaves of G. minuta and G. defoliata are illustrated.     

Distribution maps of Bryophytes in Britain and Ireland

Abstract

Eight epithets of Rigodium (R. araucarieti C. Müll., R. argentinicum C. Müll., R. brachypodium (C. Müll.) Par., R. nano-fasciculatum C. Müll. ex Thér., R. pendulum Herz. &; Thér., R. pseudo-thuidium Dus., R. solutum (Tayl.) Par., and R. tamarix C. Müll), lectotypified here, are listed with their nomenclature and pertinent details involving the careful identification of type specimens and original material. For Rigodium solutum (Tayl.) Par., a specimen from Taylor's original herbarium may likely be the holotype but had not been indicated as such by Taylor, the original author. A conservative approach for this situation is taken here by designating this specimen as a lectotype.     

Vittia salina L.Hedenäs & J.Muñoz,sp. nov., a new moss from Argentina

Abstract

A survey of the species of Campylopus Brid. reported from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) is presented. Of the 34 species that have been reported from this Island 16 are accepted at present. Campylopus nilghiriensis (Mitt.) Jaeg. is identical partly with C. goughii (Mitt.) Jaeg., partly with C. zollingerianus (C. Müll.) Bosch &; Lac., C. pseudogracilis Card. &; Dix. with C. goughii (Mitt.) Jaeg., C. caudatus (C. Müll.) Mont., C. reduncus (Reinw. &; Hornsch.) Bosch &; Lac. and C. trachythecius (C. Müll.) Jaeg. with C. comosus (Reinw. &; Hornsch.) Bosch &; Lac., C. herzogii Broth., C. subtricolor Lor. and probably also C. nodijlorus (C. Müll.) Jaeg. with C. aureus Bosch &; Lac., C nietneri (C. Müll.) Jaeg. with C. involutusz (C. Müll.) Jaeg., C. subgracilis Ren. &; Card. ex Gangulee and C. latinervis (Mitt.) Jaeg. with C. gracilis (Mitt.) Jaeg., and C. laetus (Mitt.) Jaeg. with C. savannarum (C. Müll.) Mitt. C. pterotoneuron (C. Müll.) Jaeg. is reduced to a variety of C. umbellatus (Arn.) Par. The occurrence of C. exasperatus Brid. on Sri Lanka could not be confirmed. Campylopus flagelliferus (C. Müll.) Jaeg. is reported as new to Sri Lanka.     

FT-Raman spectroscopy of three foliicolous lichens from Costa Rican rainforests

Abstract:The first FT-Raman spectroscopic study of foliicolous lichens is reported. Detailed spectra obtained by macroscopic and microscopic means for Calenia triseptata Zahlbr., Echinoplaca strigulacea (Müll. Arg.) R.Sant. and Tricharia carnea (Müll. Arg.) R.Sant. collected from Costa Rican rainforests have been interpreted mainly in terms of their oxalate content. The Raman spectra show a significant presence of calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) despite the lack of calcium ions available in the leaf itself. A reasonable explanation for its presence could be the result of the incorporation of calcium ions from airborne dust and/or dissolved in rain falling on the canopy.     

Karyotype characterisation of Brazilian species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Psychotria</Emphasis> L. — subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae)

The pantropical genus Psychotria L., probably the largest among angiosperms, occurs in different Brazilian vegetal formations. This work determined the chromosome numbers and karyotypic characteristics of ten species of Brazilian Psychotria. The chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 22, in five species (P. hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Müll. Arg., P. lupulina Benth., P. marginata Sw., P. tenerior (Cham.) Müll. Arg., and P. trichophora Müll. Arg.), to 2n = 40, in P. mapourioides DC., and 2n = 44 in four other species (P. carthagenensis Jacq., P. gracilenta Müll. Arg., P. longipes Müll. Arg. and P. suterella Müll. Arg.). In addition to these differences, great variations in chromosome lengths and karyotypic formulae were also observed among these species. Chromosome length varied from 5.59 μm to 0.90 μm and no relationship was detected between chromosome numbers and lengths in any species. Chromosomes are principally metacentric, except for P. mapourioides that presents mainly submetacentric chromosomes. Karyotypic asymmetry rate (TF%) ranged from moderate (TF% = 38.83) to highly symmetric (TF% = 50.00). The difference in chromosome numbers of Psychotria carthagenensis (2n = 44) and P. mapourioides (2n = 40) is very important to taxonomists, because these have great difficulty in identifying and differentiating these two species with the sole use of morphological characteristics, since some individuals have intermediate characteristics between both species. Although this study does not allow for a consistent cytotaxonomic analysis, not even to delimit P. subgen. Psychotria and P. subgen. Heteropsychotria, this karyotype analysis of some Brazilian species, along with their morphology, may contribute to a better knowledge of the genus.     

Clarification and review of Lepidopilum affine and L. grevilleanum (Callicostaceae)

Lepidopilum grevilleanum Mitt., long considered a synonym ofL. affine C. Müll., is a distinct and rare species of western Ecuador.Lepidopilum affine is widespread, presently known from the western and northern Amazon basin, Atlantic region of northern South America, and the Pacific coastal region of Central America. Several new synonyms are proposed forLepidopilum affine: L. allionii Broth.,L. ambiguum Broth.,L. antisanense Bartr.,L. mittenii C. Müll.,L. obtusulum C. Müll., andL. subobtusulum Broth.Lepidopilum pulcherrimum Steere is a synonym ofL. grevilleanum.     

Entosthodon mouretii (Corb.) Jelenc new to Europe

Entosthodon mouretii (Corb.) Jelenc, a species related to E. fascicularis (Hedw.) C. Müll., is referred for the first time in Europe, from samples collected in Spain. The Spanish specimens are described and illustrated.     

1′-Chloropannarin,a new depsidone from Argopsis friesiana: Notes on the structure of pannarin and on the chemistry of the lichen genus Argopsis

A new depsidone 1′-chloropannarin has been isolated from the lichen Argopsis friesiana Müll. Arg. and synthesized by chlorination of pannarin. A revised structure of pannarin, and notes on the chemical constitution of Argopsis friesiana Mill. Arg. A. megalospora Th. Fr., are given.     

Taxonomic notes on Calymperes erosum Müll.Hal. (Calymperaceae), C. palisotii Schwägr. and related West African taxa

The lectotype for Calymperes erosum Müll.Hal. is re-established, and lectotypes are designated for three West African taxa: Calymperes asterigerum Müll.Hal. ex Besch., C. leucomitrium Müll.Hal. and C. proligerum Dusén. Calymperes asterigerum and C. leucomitrium are placed in synonymy with C. erosum, and C. proligerum with C. palisotii Schwägr. A revised key to the seven species of Calymperes occurring in West Africa is provided.     

A revision of the moss genus Gymnostomiella Fleisch.

Abstract

A taxonomic revision of the moss genus Gymnostomiella Fleisch. recognizes five species and one variety, viz. G. burmensis Bartr., G. erosulum (C. Müll. ex Dus.) Arts, G. longinervis Broth., G. monodii P. Yarde, G. vernicosa (Harv.) Fleisch. var. vernicosa and G. vernicosa var. tenerum (C. Müll. ex Dus.) Arts. Gymnostomiella tenerum (C. Müll. ex Dus.) Arts is reduced to a variety of G. vernicosa and G. tanganyikae De Sloover is reduced to synonomy with G. erosulum.     

Three new synonyms of Macromitrium microstomum (Hook. & Grev.) Schwägr. (Bryophyta,Orthotrichaceae), with comments on its morphological variations

Macromitrium filicaule Müll.Hal., M. pacificum var. brevisetum Thér. and M. subnitidum Müll.Hal are placed in synonymy with Macromitrium microstomum (Hook. & Grev.) Schwägr. The morphological variations of M. microstomum branch leaves, perichaetial leaves and capsules are illustrated by digital images.     

Bryophytes from the southeastern Yukon Territory,Canada

One hundred and forty-five taxa of bryophytes are reported from the extreme southeastern Yukon. Eight species of Hepaticae and 13 of mosses represent new records for the Yukon, which are Calypogeia suecica (S. Arnell & Perss.) K. Müll., Chiloscyphus pallescens (Ehrh.) Dum., Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dum., Jamesoniella autumnalis (DC.) Steph., Pellia neesiana (Gott.) Limpr., Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Web.) Hampe, Riccardia palmata (Hedw.) Carruth., Tritomaria exsecta (Schmid.) Schiffn., Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb., Brachythecium rivulare B.S.G., B. rutabulum (Hedw.) B.S.G., Bryum blindii B.S.G., Didymodon rigidulus Hedw., D. tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa, Drepanocladus trichophyllus (Warnst.) Podp., Hygroamblystegium noterophilum (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull.) Warnst., Hygrohypnum molle (Hedw.) Loeske, Plagiomnium ciliare (C. Müll.) Kop., P. cuspidatum (Hedw.) Kop., Platydictya minutissimum (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull.) Crum, and Pylaisiella selwynii (Kindb.) Crum, Steere & Anderson. Many of the other collections represent wide extensions of range within the Yukon Territory.     

Comparative leaf anatomy of wild Manihot Mill. species (Euphorbiaceae) from Chapada Diamantina,Bahia, Brazil

The leaf anatomy of nine species of Manihot Mill. has been studied with the objective of finding anatomical features that contribute to our understanding of the taxonomy of the genus. Leaf samples were collected in the field and from herbarium specimens, and standardized methods were used for both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The following species were studied: M. bellidifolia P. Carvalho & M. Martins, M. brachyandra Pax & K. Hoffm., M. caerulescens Pohl, M. diamantinensis Allem, M. elongata sp. nov. ined., M. jacobinensis Müll. Arg. (I), M. jacobinensis Müll. Arg. (II), M. longiracemosa P. Carvalho & M. Martins, M. maracasensis Ule, M. reniformis Pohl, M. tripartita (Spreng) Müll. Arg. and Manihot sp. Anatomically, the analysis revealed differences that indicate the importance of leaf anatomy in the species‐level taxonomy. Presence of fibers in the bundle sheath, and presence or absence of papillae and fibers in the midrib are diagnostic characters. Although these characteristics were not enough to separate all of the species, or to group them into a section, they did show taxonomic importance at the species level. In addition, morphoanatomical differences and geographical distribution support Manihot sp. as a distinct species.     

A contribution to the knowledge of epiphyllous bryophytes of Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea), including additional remarks on non-epiphyllous species

Abstract

A collection of epiphyllous bryophytes from Bioko Island was investigated. It contained 57 epiphyllous bryophytes, comprising 55 hepatics and two mosses. Three taxa, Cololejeunea eustacei Pócs, Colura calderae Pócs and Lejeunea halei Robinson subsp. africana Pócs, are new to science. Cololejeunea papilliloba Steph. is new to Africa, five species of hepatics are new to West Africa, and an additional 31 species of hepatics are newly reported from Bioko Island. The second part of the paper deals with records of non-epiphyllous collections. Fourteen species are reported for the first time for Bioko Island. Actinodontium dusenii Broth. is made a synonym of Actinodontium streptopogoneum Broth. The following new combination is proposed: Wijkia rigidicaule (Müll.Hal. ex Broth.) Frank Müll., comb. nov. (Basionym: Acanthocladium rigidicaule Müll.Hal. ex Broth.).     

A contribution to the Sphagnum (Sphagnaceae) flora of Paraguay

The genusSphagnum is reviewed for Paraguay, with an emphasis on recent collections. Five species and one variety are recognized:S. perichaetiale Hampe,S. magellanicum Brid.,S. pulchricoma C. Müll.,S. itabense Crum & Buck, sp. nov.,S. flaccidum Besch., andS. flaccidum var.lindmanii (Warnst.) Warnst.Sphagnum flaccidum is redescribed; it is illustrated, as areS. perichaetiale andS. itabense.     

MYELOCONIS,A NEW GENUS OF PYRENOCARPOUS LICHENS FROM THE TROPICS

MyeloconisP. M. McCarthy & Elix gen. nov. is described from the Neotropics and the eastern Paleotropics. Four new species,M. erumpens, M. fecunda, M. guyanenisandM. parva, are recognized. The genus is characterized by a medulla containing previously unknown yellow or orange pigments and perithecioid ascomata with a dark, dense, almost pseudostromatal wall, a basally anastomosing, but otherwise free, hamathecium, uniformly thin-walled asci and elongate, muriform ascospores. While its affinities are uncertain, the ascomata and their contents suggest a rather close relationship withPorinaMüll. Arg. andClathroporinaMüll. Arg. (Trichotheliaceae).     

Foliikole Flechten der Insel Kuba

About 78 foliicolous lichen species were found in a lichen collection from Cuba. Five of these species are established as new taxa:Porina cubana sp. n.,P. pocsii sp. n.,P. subpilosa sp. n.,Tricharia cubana sp. n. andBacidia ekmanii sp. n. Three new combinations are proposed:Phylloporis multipunctata (Merr. exR. Sant.) comb. n. (bas.:Porina multipunctata Merr. exR. Sant.),Phylloporis plytypoda (Müll. Arg.) comb. n. (bas:Porina platypoda Müll. Arg.) andCalenia aspidota (Vain.) comb. n. (bas.:Ectolechia aspidota Vain.). Taxonomic notes are provided for some taxa, and brief phytogeographical comments are supplied for all the treated species.     

Revision der Gattung Thysanomitrium Schwaegr. (Dicranaceae) in Südamerika.

Abstract

The differences between Thysanomitrium Schwaegr. and Campylopus Brid. are discussed and regarded as insignificant. Therefore the six Thysanomitrium species reported from South America in the Index Muscorum are critically revised. T. yunqueanum C. Müll. and T. miserum Broth. are synonyms of Campylopus richardii Brid., and T. schiffneri Broth. and T. arenaceum Broth. are placed in the genus Campylopus as new combinations. Also T. arenaceum is reported from a new locality in Brazil. No material could be found in herbaria of T. wainoi Broth. and T. gastrotis C. Müll.