中国种子植物区系中的藤本多样性

藤本植物是植被的重要组成部分,但由于野外考察中物种及无性系分株鉴定的困难,长期以来在生态学研究中常常被忽视。为揭示中国藤本植物的多样性和特有性,作者研究了其科属组成、区系成分和攀援方式。结果显示:中国藤本植物种类丰富,共计有85科409属3,073种(含变种、亚种),占中国种子植物区系的11.3%;其中草质藤本898种,木质藤本2,175种,分别占中国种子植物区系的3.3%和8.0%。中国藤本植物区系热带成分显著,热带分布科和属分别占总科数或总属数(不含世界广布科属)的87.9%和79.2%;有14个含藤属为中国所特有,但没有特有含藤科。中国藤本植物最主要的攀援方式是缠绕类,占藤本植物总数的56.7%;其次为蔓生类和卷须类,分别占22.1%和17.0%;吸附类藤本种类最少,只占4.2%。     

中国亚热带东部藤本植物的多样性

藤本植物是一类生物型特殊的非自然分类群,笔者从藤本植物的来源、类型、数量、性质等角度探讨了中国亚热带东部藤本植物的多样性特征。结果如下：①本区计有藤本植物５８科、１６４属、６１１种（不包括蕨类藤本）,分别占总被子植物科、属和种的２９．１％、１０．３％和９．６％,在种的丰富度上略高于温带森林区域（７％）,而低于热带区域（１９％）;木质藤本占绝对优势,为７２．３％,草质藤本占２７．７％。②主要由含少量     

喜马拉雅地区藤本植物多样性及其地理格局

喜马拉雅山地是生物地理学研究的热点地区之一。本文对喜马拉雅地区的藤本植物多样性及其与毗邻地区的联系进行了统计分析, 并对该地区与印度河-恒河平原地区藤本植物多样性的地理格局及其成因进行了研究。结果显示: (1)喜马拉雅地区总计有1,083种藤本植物, 分属72科309属; 其中木质藤本725种, 草质藤本358种; 攀援方式主要为缠绕攀援(51.3%)。(2)该区域的藤本植物组成受相邻区域植物区系的显著影响, 其1,083种藤本植物中有74.1% (802种)在东南亚地区有分布, 50.6% (548种)在南亚有分布, 48.9% (530种)在中国西南地区有分布。本区藤本植物缺乏特有性, 仅125种(11.5%)为本区所特有, 没有特有含藤属。(3)藤本植物多样性及其在植物区系中的比例均自东向西逐渐降低; 木质藤本比例和缠绕攀援藤本比例均自东向西略呈上升趋势; 大多数含藤属的藤本多样性由东往西递减, 仅极少数含藤属由东往西逐渐增加, 如野豌豆属(Vicia)和菟丝子属(Cuscuta)。(4)藤本植物多样性在喜马拉雅和印度河-恒河平原地区呈现出自东向西递减的相似格局, 由东往西方向上含藤属递减率分别为8.4属/100 km和6.3属/100 km, 但喜马拉雅地区藤本植物多样性更高。喜马拉雅和印度河-恒河平原地区均有分布的272个含藤属中有196属在中亚及伊朗高原不再有分布, 其中31.1% (61属)在喜马拉雅地区的分布显著更偏西, 仅4.1% (8属)在印度河-恒河平原的分布显著更偏西。综合分析表明, 喜马拉雅地区藤本植物的多样性及其地理格局的特点与其特殊的地理位置、气候条件和生境的梯度变化以及毗邻地区植物区系的多元化有关; 水分条件的东西向梯度变化可能是藤本植物在喜马拉雅和印度河-恒河平原地区形成相似格局的主要原因。     

贵州省黔东南野生藤本植物多样性研究

对黔东南16个县(市)野生藤本植物进行了调查,结果表明:野生藤本植物共计40科88属364种(含变种),双子叶植物有37科84属322种,单子叶植物有3科4属42种,裸子植物缺乏.该区地理成分复杂多样,科级地理成分有8个分布型,属级地理成分有12个分布型,以热带成分为主,温带成分也占有较大比例,具有从热带成分向温带渗透和过度的性质.藤本植物的生活型,以木质藤本占优势,为79.95％,草质藤本占20.05％.攀援类型分为4型8亚型,以缠绕类为主,占37.09％.该区藤本植物资源丰富,在垂直绿化与经济开发上具有十分广阔的前景.     

湖南云山野生木质藤本植物资源及多样性研究

为深入研究湘西南野生藤本植物资源现状及其多样性特征,对湖南云山野生木质藤本植物资源生态特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)湖南云山共有野生木质藤本植物39科101属308种,分别占该区种子植物科、属和种的19.21%、9.32%和20.29%,其中裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物38科100属307种,蕨类植物缺乏。(2)在生活型上,该区以高位芽藤本植物为主导,占总种数的93.51%,地下芽、地面芽和地上芽藤本植物较少,分别占总种数的4.87%、0.97%和0.65%。(3)在攀援方式上,缠绕藤本具有优势,占总种数的42.86%,搭靠类、卷曲类和吸固类较少,分别占总种数的34.01%、13.62%和9.42%。(4)该区地理成分复杂多样,属级和种级地理成分各有11个分布型,均以热带成分为主,温带成分占有较大比例,说明该区热带成分向温带渗透和过渡的性质。研究认为,湖南云山野生木质藤本植物的生态功能效应明显,用途广泛,具有重要的药用、经济和社会价值,综合效益明显,开发利用潜力巨大。     

梵净山地区藤本植物的多样性及区系特征

植物区系研究对于揭示一定区域植被的起源与演化机制具有重要意义,为了探讨我国贵州省梵净山及周边地区藤本植物(被子植物)区系,该研究基于馆藏标本信息、文献资料和野外调查等信息,并运用地理信息系统构建了梵净山地区藤本植物的空间地理分布格局,分析了其物种丰富度及地理分布,同时在全国藤本植物地理分布的背景下,讨论了梵净山地区藤本植物在全国层面的区系特征。结果表明:(1)我国贵州省梵净山地区藤本植物有36科、95属、299个分类群,包含235种、26亚种、38变种,占全国藤本植物66科、268属、1 560种的比例分别为54.55%、35.45%、19.17%。(2)梵净山地区藤本植物主要以温带及亚热带地区分布的科属为主,温带成分更为明显。(3)梵净山地区藤本植物在全国范围内主要分布在青藏高原东部、大巴山-巫山地区、武陵山区以及黔桂交界处,对所涉及的藤本植物而言,梵净山地区更多地充当了其分布区的南界。以上研究结果为梵净山地区藤本植物的利用以及今后的保护及监测提供了本底数据,也为植物多样性保护和植物资源的可持续开发和利用提供了科学依据。     

厦门地区观赏藤本植物资源及其在园林绿化中的应用

本文报道厦门地区观赏藤本植物资源58科127属201种,并探讨它们在城市园林绿化中的应用。     

南岳衡山藤本植物资源研究

根据野外调查,结合文献资料,对南岳衡山藤本植物的区系及其生态特征进行了初步的研究,结果表明:该区野生藤本植物共计59科129属282种(含变种),分别占该区维管植物科、属、种总数的29.35％、16.82％和15.60％.该区地里成分复杂,以热带性分布为主,温带成分亦占有较大比例,其中科、属以泛热带分布型最多,分别占科、属总数的38.98％和23.26％,而种以热带亚洲分布型最多,达25.89％,表明该区藤本植物区系是以热带性质为主的亚热带类型,同时也显示出该区藤本植物区系向温带渗透和过渡的性质;该区中国特有种丰富,共计106种,占种总数的37.59％,属华东区系,与华东、华中、华南及滇、黔、桂有着极密切的联系;该区藤本的生态分布是随着海拔的升高,温度的降低,藤本的种类与数量也相应地减少.树木和藤本无亲疏关系,未发现某些藤本偏爱某些树种胜于其他树种;在区系关系上,该区与康龙和庐山的关系最为密切,而与崀山和龙底的关系较为疏远.     

广州南沙黄山鲁森林公园藤本植物多样性研究

通过野外调查, 结合文献资料, 对广州南沙黄山鲁森林公园藤本植物的多样性进行了研究。研究结果表明: 藤本植物共计32 科63 属78 种, 其中蕨类植物1 科1 属3 种, 双子叶植物28 科58 属68 种, 单子叶植物3 科4 属7 种。地理成分复杂多样, 科级地理成分有5 个分布型, 属级地理成分有9 个分布型, 主要以热带成分为主, 少数为温带成分。藤本植物的攀援类型主要分为四类, 以蔓生类为主, 占52.56%; 其次为缠绕类, 占37.18%; 卷须类和吸附类的分别占8.97%和1.28%。藤本植物以木质藤本占优势, 占总种数的60.26%; 草质藤本占总种数的39.74%。     

中国细蛾科昆虫寄主植物区系特征

依据文献资料,统计了中国细蛾科昆虫寄主植物的种类,分析了寄主植物科和属的分布区类型,为探讨细蛾科昆虫区系组成及地理分布与寄主植物区系组成和地理分布之间的关系提供基础资料。结果表明:中国细蛾科昆虫的寄主植物共有435种,隶属49科157属;寄主植物科的分布区类型可以分为7个类型5个变型,属的分布区类型可以分为14个类型5个变型;在寄主植物的科级水平,热带和温带性质的科共占97.14%,其中热带性质的科占71.43%,在属级水平,热带和温带性质的属共占86.96%,其中热带性质的属占58.70%;寄主植物的生活型中,木本植物有329种、草本植物有76种、藤本植物有18种,分别占寄主植物总种数的75.63%、17.47%和4.14%。说明中国细蛾科昆虫寄主植物的区系组成以热带和温带成分为主,寄主植物的生活型以木本为主。     

Ecophysiological traits may explain the abundance of climbing plant species across the light gradient in a temperate rainforest

Climbing plants are a key component of rainforests, but mechanistic approaches to their distribution and abundance are scarce. In a southern temperate rainforest, we addressed whether the dominance of climbing plants across light environments is associated with the expression of ecophysiological traits. In mature forest and canopy gaps, we measured leaf size, specific leaf area, photosynthetic rate, and dark respiration in six of the most abundant woody vines. Mean values of traits and their phenotypic change (%) between mature forest and canopy gaps were predictor variables. Leaf size and specific leaf area were not significantly associated with climbing plant dominance. Variation in gas-exchange traits between mature forest and canopy gaps explained, at least partly, the dominance of climbers in this forest. A greater increase in photosynthetic rate and a lower increase in dark respiration rate when canopy openings occur were related to the success of climbing plant species. Dominant climbers showed a strategy of maximizing exploitation of resource availability but minimizing metabolic costs. Results may reflect phenotypic plasticity or genetic differentiation in ecophysiological traits between light environments. It is suggested that the dominant climbers in this temperate rainforest would be able to cope with forest clearings due to human activities.     

Traits and ecological strategies of Australian tropical and temperate climbing plants

Aim Understanding large scale patterns in trait variation in climbing plants (lianas, vines, scramblers, twiners) is important for the development of a stronger theoretical understanding of climbing plant ecology and for more applied issues such as prediction of community assembly under changing climatic conditions. We compared values of five key functional traits for 388 species of climbing plant from tropical and temperate regions of Australia to quantify variation between these two biogeographic regions. Location Australia. Methods Data on dispersal mode, growth habit, leaf form, leaf size and seed mass were compiled from field measurements and published sources. Comparative analyses were performed in three ways: (1) across species where each species was treated as an independent data point, (2) using evolutionary divergence analyses for each trait, and (3) in multidimensional space using a matrix of similarities between species. Results Tropical climbing plants had 22‐fold greater seed mass and four times greater leaf size than did temperate species. Tropical climbers were more likely to be woody (63%) than were temperate species (40%). Surprisingly we found a similar proportion of animal‐dispersed seeds in the two regions, although we expected animal‐dispersed seeds to be more prevalent in the tropics. We also found similar proportions of simple‐ and compound‐leaved species between the two regions. All of our findings were consistent between cross‐species and phylogenetic analyses indicating that patterns in present‐day species are reflected in the evolutionary history of Australian climbers. Multivariate analyses suggested that there is a spectrum of variation among climbing plants, with tropical species having greater seed mass, leaf size and woody growth compared with temperate climbing plant species. Main conclusions Tropical and temperate climbers of Australia exhibit a mixture of similar and contrasting traits and ecological strategies. Understanding strategy variation along latitudinal gradients will be particularly informative for predicting ecosystem and community structure with climate change.     

Functional strategies and distribution of climbing plant communities in different vegetation patches in a subtropical dry forest,central Argentina

Aims In the context of global change, the impacts of forest structure alteration on climbing plants in extra-tropical ecosystems are poorly understood. It also remains little explored, the functional strategies among climbing plant species and its relationship with the local-scale distribution of climbing plant communities. Here, we aimed at three goals: (i) we studied how climbing plant community composition responds to the modification of the original forest structure in a subtropical dry forest; (ii) we characterized climbing plant species according to functional traits related to the acquisition and use of resources; and (iii) we examined whether functional strategies at the community level are also responding to vegetation structure change, a much less addressed topic in the ecology of climbing plants.     

浙江磐安种子植物区系的特征分析

磐安约有野生种子植物 1 44科 ,62 7属 ,1 2 98种 (包括种以下分类单位 )。其中世界成分的属 67个 ,占总属数的 1 0 .69% ,热带属 2 2 7个 ,占 36.2 0 % ,温带属 32 1个 ,占 5 1 .2 0 % ,中国特有属 1 2个 ,占 1 .91 %。磐安气候温暖湿润 ,植物种类丰富 ,古老、孑遗、珍稀植物多 ,单种属和少种属占有较大比重 ;优势科、优势属明显 ,优势科 34个 ,共含有 393属 ,776种 ,分别占总属数总种属的 62 .7% ,70 .3% ,优势属 1 0个 ,共含有 1 44种 ,分别占总属数总种数的 1 .6% ,1 1 .1 % ,其中樟科、壳斗科等是该区系的表征科 ;植物分布类型多样 ,地理成分复杂 ,温带成分和热带成分占优势 ,是亚热带分布的北缘 ,与世界各地有广泛的联系     

峨眉山常绿落叶阔叶混交林的生物多样性及植物区系初探

对峨眉山常绿落叶阔叶混交林的群落结构﹑组成﹑生物多样性及植物区系等几方面进行了研究分析。结果显示峨眉山阔叶混交林由226种维管束植物组成,其中被子植物73科137属207种, 占总种数的91.6%,是峨眉山阔叶混交林的重要组成部分;群落分层现象明显,为乔木层﹑灌木层﹑草本层和层外植物4层,其中草本层发育情况差;科分布型是以热带—亚热带﹑热带—温带为主,各占22.7%, 在属的水平上则以温带分布占绝对优势(52.9%),揭示了峨眉山阔叶混交林的区系性质是以温带为主的亚热带类型;生物多样性指数处于较低的水平,在经过人为干扰后,群落处于稳定的恢复阶段。     

Diversity of Mechanical Architectures in Climbing Plants: An Evolutionary Perspective

Mechanical architectures of a wide range of climbing plants are reviewed from a wide phylogenetic range and evolutionary contingencies. They include an herbaceous lycopod (Lycopodiaceae) - a woody tropical liana (Apocynaceae), temperate climbers, herbs and shrubs (Ranunculacae), and two representative climbing palms (Arecoideae, Calamoideae). Trends in mechanical properties during development are reviewed and interpreted via changes in anatomical development of the stem and type of connection to host supports. The results indicate that there are some biomechanical features common to diverse climbing plants including (1) phases of relatively rigid stem growth where the climbing stem has to span between supports and (2) a mechanism to achieve greater compliancy towards the base or at points where the slender climbing stem is at risk from excessive mechanical stress. Evolutionary contingencies such as basal plesiomorphic constraint, complexification, simplification and developmental loss can drastically influence ways in which different plants have evolved different biomechanical climbing architectures. Two key developmental features controlling the biomechanics of the climbing stem are (1) the presence/absence of secondary growth and (2) the number, complexity and coordination of development of primary or secondary tissues with varying mechanical properties. Recent research has suggested that evolution of specialized climbing architectures can canalize subsequent evolution of alternative growth forms. The results suggest that the origin and type of climbing architecture can be heavily influenced by ancestral growth forms and architectures. Despite the extremely complex patterns of plant growth form evolution involving escapes to and from more specialized or simpler bauplans, selective pressure towards non-self-supporting growth forms is a remarkably persistent and iterative feature of growth form evolution in land plants.     

藏南布丹拉山南坡种子植物区系海拔格局分析

生态群落交错区通常因物种丰富、区系成分复杂而被视为关键带.藏南布丹拉山处在半湿润向半干旱的生态环境过渡带上,因其特殊的自然地理环境而有着丰富的山地植物多样性,但这一重要生态过渡区的种子植物组成和区系成分海拔分布格局目前尚缺乏了解.为了理清布丹拉山南坡种子植物区系成分及其垂直分布变化格局,该文通过野外植物群落的样方调查、...     

河南鸡公山木本植物区系的研究

鸡公山国家级自然保护区是我国北亚热带森林生态系统自然保护区之一,地处亚热带与暖温带的过渡地带,是华中、华东和华北三大植物区系的交汇区之一,木本植物种类比较丰富。据初步统计,该区有木本植物71科、181属、543种,其中裸子植物5科、5属、7种。该区木本植物区系具有下列基本特点:1)区系成分比较丰富;2)古老和孑遗成分繁多;3)区系成分过渡性明显。该区木本植物可分为14种地理成分(分布区类型),其中热带属占35.0%,温带和亚热带分布的属占65.0%。     

Biogeographical Divergence of the Flora of Yunnan,Southwestern China Initiated by the Uplift of Himalaya and Extrusion of Indochina Block

The floral composition of Yunnan is conspicuously linked to the biogeographical history of this extremely species-rich province in southwestern China. The floristic compositions of three representative regions in Yunnan were compared to reveal their variation with geography. From southern Yunnan, 4150 native species (including subspecies and varieties) from 1240 genera and 183 families of seed plants were recognized. From central Yunnan 3389 native species from 1095 genera and 167 families of seed plants were recognized. From northwestern Yunnan 6807 native species from 1296 genera and 166 families of seed plants were recognized. Although these three floras across Yunnan are similar in familial composition, similarities between the floras of southern and northwestern Yunnan are low at the generic and specific levels. The flora of northwestern Yunnan is dominated by families and genera with cosmopolitan and north temperate distributions, while the flora of southern Yunnan is dominated by tropical families and genera. Northwestern Yunnan is composed largely of temperate genera, of which the highest proportion has a north temperate distribution. In contrast, southern Yunnan has mainly tropical genera, of which most have a tropical Asian distribution. The flora of central Yunnan is a combination of southern and northwestern Yunnan. These three floras might be derived from a common Tertiary tropical or subtropical East Asian flora, but the geological history of each region has influenced its flora, and they have remained divergent since the late Tertiary. The flora of northwestern Yunnan has evolved with the uplift of the Himalayas and by gradual proliferation of mainly cosmopolitan and north temperate floristic elements, while the flora of southern Yunnan has evolved with extrusion of the Indochina block and the influence of mainly tropical Asian elements.     

长青国家自然保护区种子植物区系初步分析

长青国家自然保护区有种子植物１４６科、７３０属、１７９２种。对保护区子植物区系统计分析的结果表明：（１）保护区内种子植物种类丰富,有裸子植物７科、１６属、２４种;被子植物１３９科、７１４属、１７６８种。（２）区系成分复杂,属的地理分布类型有１５个及变型１９个。其中温带分布占６５．２％,热带分布占３０．３％,温带分布占一定的优势,但同时表现出与热带－亚热带成分过渡的特点。（３）原始、残遗植物成分较