青藤碱对慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠炎症反应及P38Mapk信号通路的影响

目的：观察青藤碱对慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠炎症反应及P38Mapk信号通路的影响。方法：将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、青藤碱高、低剂量组。对照组组给予生理盐水灌胃,青藤碱低、中、高剂量组分别给予青藤碱40,80、160mg／kg灌胃,28天后处死。realtimeRT-PCR法和westernblot法检测肿瘤组织中TNF-、IL-6rnR_NA和TNF-、IL-6、P—P38MAPK蛋白的表达。结果：青藤碱能明显降低慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠前5,1腺组织中TNF-、IL-6mRNA和TNF-、IL-6、p-P38MAPK蛋白的表达。结论：青藤碱能抑制慢性非细菌性大鼠前列腺炎大鼠前列腺炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制P38MAP信号通路有关。     

齐墩果酸抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导的成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞炎症因子表达及其机制研究

探讨齐墩果酸(Oleanolic acid,OA)对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞的炎症因子表达的影响及其机制。首先复苏培养人成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞(FLS),通过RT-PCR检测细胞IL-6及IL-1βmRNA表达,采用Western blot方法检测p38MAPK及NF-κB蛋白表达变化,通过ELISA法检测细胞上清液中IL-6及IL-1β浓度。与对照组比较,TNF-α明显诱导FLS细胞IL-6及IL-1βmRNA的表达及上清液中IL-6及IL-1β的分泌(P0.05),同时磷酸化p38蛋白和核NF-κB明显增加(P0.05),且p38MAPK阻断剂SB203580能抑制TNF-α诱导的核NF-κB增加。OA呈浓度依赖性抑制TNF-α诱导的FLS细胞p38蛋白磷酸化和核NF-κB增加(P0.05)。且OA、p38MAPK通路抑制剂SB203580或NF-κB阻断剂BAY 11-7082均能抑制TNF-α诱导的IL-6及IL-1β分泌增加(P0.05)。综上所述,OA能抑制TNF-α诱导的FLS细胞炎症因子IL-6及IL-1β的产生,其机制可能与抑制p38MAPK/NF-κB信号通路有关。     

哈乐联合青藤碱治疗前列腺炎的临床观察

目的:观察哈乐联合青藤碱治疗前列腺炎的疗效。方法:将90例符合入选标准的前列腺患者,随机分为联合治疗组和对照组。对照组给予哈乐0.2 mg;联合治疗组在此基础上给予青藤碱口服,一日3次,前期一次2片,一日3次;三日增至一次3片,一日3次。治疗4周,观察疗效和比较两组患者前列腺液中TNF-α、IL-6表达。结果:联合治疗组总有效率显著优于对照组(P<0.05),前列腺液中TNF-α、IL-6表达明显低于对照组。结论:哈乐配合青藤碱,能增强其对前列腺炎的疗效。     

圆锥铁线莲对慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的治疗作用及机制研究

本文研究圆锥铁线莲水提取物对实验性慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的治疗作用,并对其抗炎的作用机制进行初步探讨。采用苯甲酸雌二醇致去势大鼠慢性非细菌性前列腺炎模型,研究圆锥铁线莲对慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的治疗作用。酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血清细胞因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的水平,Western Blot和免疫组化法检测前列腺组织环氧酶2(COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)的变化,探讨圆锥铁线莲发挥抗炎作用的可能机制。研究发现苯甲酸雌二醇致去势大鼠慢性非细菌性前列腺炎模型中,圆锥铁线莲2 g/kg组可见前列腺液中白细胞数明显降低,卵磷脂小体数量明显增加;病理切片可见炎症细胞浸润和成纤维细胞增生的情况有所改善。圆锥铁线莲能明显降低苯甲酸雌二醇致去势大鼠慢性非细菌性前列腺炎模型血清中IL-1β及TNF-α的含量,减少前列腺组织中COX-2和i NOS的表达。表明圆锥铁线莲水提取物对慢性非细菌性前列腺炎具有良好的抑制作用,其作用机制可能是通过调节炎症细胞因子水平、抑制COX-2以及i NOS的表达,从而避免局部产生过量的前列腺素(PG)和一氧化氮(NO),减轻局部炎性损伤实现的。     

聚合度7-15的壳寡糖抑制脂多糖刺激的单核细胞产生TNF-α和IL-8的作用研究

本文通过建立脂多糖刺激的单核细胞炎症损伤模型,观察聚合度7-15的壳寡糖对炎性单核细胞白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达的影响,及对p38丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases,p38MAPK)信号通路磷酸化的影响。采用p38信号通路抑制剂(SB203580)验证抑制p38信号通路对脂多糖诱导的单核细胞表达IL-8和TNF-α的作用,从而探索壳寡糖抑制单核细胞炎性损伤的分子机制。结果表明壳寡糖可抑制脂多糖诱导的单核细胞表达IL-8和TNF-α,并且抑制p38信号蛋白的磷酸化水平。因此,初步认为壳寡糖可能通过抑制炎性U937细胞中p38MAPK信号通路抑制IL-8和TNF-α的表达。     

哈乐联合青藤碱治疗前列腺炎的临床观察

目的：观察哈乐联合青藤碱治疗前列腺炎的疗效。方法：将90例符合入选标准的前列腺患者,随机分为联合治疗组和对照组。对照组给予哈乐0．2mg;联合治疗组在此基础上给予青藤碱口服,一日3次,前期一次2片,一日3次;三日增至一次3片,一日3次。治疗4周,观察疗效和比较两组患者前列腺液中TNF-α、IL-6表达。结果：联合治疗组总有效率显著优于对照组（P〈0．05）,前列腺液中TNF-α、IL-6表达明显低于对照组。结论：哈乐配合青藤碱,能增强其对前列腺炎的疗效。     

银杏叶提取物对COPD大鼠p38MAPK/NF-κB信号通路的影响

摘要 目的：观察银杏叶提取物（Ginkgo biloba extract, GBE）对慢性阻塞性肺疾病( COPD) 大鼠肺p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）/ 核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）信号通路的影响,探讨GBE对COPD抗炎作用的分子机制。方法：将90只雄性Wistar 大鼠随机分为空白对照组、COPD 模型组、GBE高剂量组、GBE中剂量组、GBE低剂量组、SB203580(p38MAPK抑制剂)组,共计6组,每组15只。采用香烟烟雾熏吸联合气道内注入脂多糖（LPS）的方法建立COPD大鼠模型。造模结束后分组给药,空白对照组与COPD 模型组给予生理盐水腹腔注射,GBE高、中、低剂量组 (14, 7, 3.5 mg?kg^-1?d^-1)分别给予不同浓度的GBE腹腔注射,SB203580组予5 mg?kg^-1?d^-1腹腔注射,每天给药1次,连续给药14 d。通过HE染色法观察大鼠肺泡和气道的病理变化,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定大鼠肺泡灌洗液（BALF）和血清中IL-6、IL-8与IL-10水平,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot) 检测大鼠肺组织p38MAPK、NF-κB p65、NF-κB抑制蛋白α（IκBα）蛋白含量,采取实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time qPCR) 法检测大鼠肺组织中p38MAPK、NF-κB p65、IκBα mRNA表达。结果：与COPD模型组相比,各用药组均能抑制肺泡破坏与气道重塑,减轻肺泡与支气管周围炎症浸润;与空白对照组相比,COPD 模型组BALF与血清中IL-6、IL-8含量明显升高（P<0.05）,IL-10含量明显降低（P<0.05）,肺组织中p38MAPK、NF-κB p65蛋白与p38MAPK、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达量明显升高（P<0.05）,IκBα蛋白与IκBα mRNA表达量明显下降（P<0.05）;与COPD模型组相比,各药物组均能明显降低大鼠BALF与血清中IL-8含量、提高IL-10含量（P<0.05）,而GBE高剂量组与SB203580组效果更明显;GBE高剂量组与SB203580组BALF中IL-6含量较GBE低剂量组与COPD模型组明显降低（P<0.05）;与COPD模型组相比,各药物组均能明显降低大鼠肺组织中p38MAPK、NF-κB p65蛋白与p38MAPK、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达量（P<0.05）,GBE高、中剂量组与SB203580组能明显提高IκBα蛋白与IκBα mRNA表达量（P<0.05）。结论：GBE能抑制COPD大鼠炎症反应与气道重塑,其机制可能与调控p38MAPK/NF-κB信号通路有关。     

髓样分化蛋白2基因沉默对高糖诱导的大鼠心肌细胞增殖抑制、凋亡及炎症反应的影响*

目的:研究髓样分化蛋白2(MD2)基因沉默对高糖(HG)诱导的大鼠心肌细胞增殖抑制、凋亡及炎症反应的影响及其机制。方法:体外大鼠心肌细胞系H9C2细胞随机分为4组(n=3):LG组、HG组、HG + NC组、HG + si-MD2组,分别转染MD2基因小干扰RNA(si-MD2)或阴性对照24 h后进行低糖或高糖处理48 h。RT-qPCR检测MD2及细胞内炎症细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达水平,MTS法、流式细胞术检测细胞增殖能力、细胞周期和细胞凋亡率,Western blot法检测细胞内相关蛋白的表达水平及磷酸化水平。结果:转染si-MD2后,H9C2细胞中MD2的表达水平明显下降(P＜0.01)。与低糖(LG)组比较,高糖处理后的H9C2细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的mRNA水平显著升高,细胞增殖能力下降并发生G1期阻滞,细胞凋亡率和Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白水平升高(P＜ 0.01)。而MD2基因沉默可拮抗高糖对H9C2细胞增殖、细胞周期、凋亡及细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA水平的影响(P＜0.05)。Western blot测定结果表明高糖处理后的H9C2细胞中细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)、P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(P38 MAPK)和C-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)蛋白的磷酸化水平明显升高,而MD2基因沉默可抑制高糖诱导下的ERK1/2、P38 MAPK和JNK蛋白激活(P＜0.01)。结论:MD2基因沉默可能通过抑制ERK、P38 MAPK和JNK信号通路的激活来减少高糖诱导的大鼠心肌细胞炎症细胞因子表达,减少心肌细胞凋亡,促进细胞增殖。     

基于抗炎及抗氧化作用探讨微生态制剂在非酒精性脂肪肝模型大鼠中的应用价值

目的研究基于抗炎及抗氧化作用探讨微生态制剂在非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)模型大鼠中的应用价值。方法选择成年雄性SD大鼠并随机分为对照组、NAFLD组、蓝莓益生菌(BP)组。后2组采用复合高脂饲料建立NAFLD模型,BP组给予蓝莓联合益生菌干预。比较3组间血清肝功能指标、炎症指标、氧化应激指标含量及肝脏组织中炎症及氧化应激信号分子表达的差异。结果 NAFLD组大鼠血清中ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-18、MDA的含量及肝脏中p-p38MAPK、NF-κB的表达量明显高于对照组,血清中SOD、GPX的含量及肝脏中p-AMPK、Nrf-2的表达量明显低于对照组;BP组大鼠血清中ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-18、MDA的含量及肝脏中p-p38MAPK、NF-κB的表达量明显低于NALFD组,血清中SOD、GPX的含量及肝脏中p-AMPK、Nrf-2的表达量明显高于NALFD组。结论蓝莓益生菌用于NALFD模型大鼠的干预能够改善肝功能并抑制炎症反应、氧化应激反应。     

MAPK/ERK 和 MAPK/P38 信号通路的活化参与沙眼衣原体诱导前炎因子的产生

沙眼衣原体感染可导致沙眼、性传播性疾病、不孕症等疾病,主要病理表现是炎症反应引起的组织损伤和瘢痕.因此,沙眼衣原体诱导产生的炎症因子是导致疾病的关键,沙眼衣原体可直接感染内皮细胞产生各种前炎因子,但其机制目前还不清楚.通过ELISA和免疫印迹等方法,检测到沙眼衣原体感染HeLa229细胞可产生IL-8,IL-1α,IL-1β,IL-6等前炎因子,并且沙眼衣原体感染可以主要激活宿主细胞MAPK/ERK和MAPK/P38信号通路.抑制MAPK/ERK和MAPK/P38信号通路显示,两条通路在沙眼衣原体感染过程中参与调节不同的炎症因子产生.MAPK/P38信号通路的活化参与调控IL-1α,IL-6的产生,而IL-8则同时受MAPK/ERK和MAPK/P38两条通路的调控.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.