大豆卵磷脂对小鼠的抗疲劳和抗氧化作用研究

目的：研究大豆卵磷脂的抗疲劳及抗氧化作用。方法：小鼠经口给予大豆卵磷脂30天后,采用负重游泳实验,观察记录小鼠游泳死亡时间;检测血清尿素氮、肝糖原;测定血清和肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：给予大豆卵磷脂后,与对照组相比,实验组小鼠负重游泳时间明显延长,肝糖原消耗量减少,降低运动后血清尿素氮水平（P〈0．05）;升高小鼠血清和肝匀浆SOD活性及GSH-Px活力,降低MDA的含量（P〈0．05）。结论：大豆卵磷脂具有抗疲劳和抗氧化作用。     

参杞制剂对小鼠抗疲劳和抗氧化作用研究

目的：探讨参杞制剂抗疲劳及抗氧化作用效果,为抗疲劳制剂的研制提供实验依据。方法：将120只雄性昆明种小鼠按体质量随机平均分为4组,分别为参杞制剂高、中、低剂量组和对照组;分批实验,每次实验从对应组中随机抽取10只小鼠。灌喂实验制剂15d后,分别测定负重力竭游泳时间,血乳酸、血清尿素氮、肝糖原、肌糖原含量及肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（soD）、丙二醛（彻A）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GsH_h）。结果：参杞制剂低、中、高3个剂量组小鼠的力竭游泳时间[（296．0±25．3）s,（437.0±38．9）s,（595．04±53．9）s]均大于对照组[（231．04±22．5）s],其中,高、中剂量组与对照组相比差异显著。运动后,参杞制剂高、中剂量组小鼠的血乳酸水平显著低于对照组;3个剂量组小鼠血尿素氮含量均低于对照组,其中,高、中剂量组与对照组的差异具有显著性;高、中剂量组小鼠肝糖原、肝脏SOD和GSH-Px含量均显著高于对照组;高剂量组小鼠MDA含量明显低于对照组。结论：参杞制剂,尤其是中高剂量组,能明显延长小鼠力竭游泳时间,并具有较强的抗疲劳与抗氧化作用。     

不同分子量大豆低聚肽抗氧化活性与抗疲劳关系研究

比较两种不同分子量大豆低聚肽的抗疲劳与抗氧化活性,并探求抗疲劳与抗氧化之间的关系。80只小鼠分四组,经口给予两种分子量不同的大豆低聚肽(A、B)以及大豆分离蛋白、生理盐水三周后,进行游泳实验,检测肝糖元、肌肉乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶、血尿氮、肝组织SOD等生理指标,比较其抗氧化和抗疲劳效果,并研究抗氧化指标与抗疲劳指标之间的关系。灌喂分子量较小的B组力竭游泳时间明显长于其它组,乳酸脱氢酶含量、肌肉乳酸生成量、血尿氮含量明显低于其他组,肝糖元、SOD活力明显高于其他组。SOD活力与力竭游泳时间之间具有线性关系,因此,小分子大豆肽具有更强的抗疲劳和抗氧化活力。并且抗疲劳与抗氧化之间存在一定的相关性。     

五种天然产物的抗疲劳和抗氧化作用

近来对肌肉疲劳和损伤的认识有较大的变化,认为它们是由剧烈运动后,大量氧进入肌内,,产生氧自由基造成的。有文献报道,运动后肌肉和肝匀浆中脂     

核桃清蛋白抗氧化肽对力竭运动小鼠抗疲劳和抗氧化能力的影响

核桃蛋白是一种具有多种功效的高营养植物蛋白。本研究首先制备了核桃清蛋白抗氧化肽,然后应用不同剂量的核桃清蛋白抗氧化肽灌胃大鼠4周,并用维生素C作为阳性对照,考察了其对力竭运动小鼠抗疲劳和抗氧化能力的影响。研究发现,维生素C和核桃清蛋白抗氧化肽均可显著提高小鼠的游泳力竭时间,且随着核桃清蛋白抗氧化肽溶液浓度的升高,小鼠的力竭时间也随之延长。核桃清蛋白抗氧化肽可以以剂量依赖性方式提高小鼠的肝糖原和游离脂肪酸含量并降低乳酸和尿素氮含量。随着核桃清蛋白抗氧化肽浓度的升高,小鼠的血清肌酸激酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶水平均逐渐降低。核桃清蛋白抗氧化肽以剂量依赖方式提高小鼠SOD和CAT水平并降低MDA水平。研究证实,核桃清蛋白抗氧化肽具有较好的抗疲劳作用和抗氧化能力,其抗疲劳作用与提高肝糖原储备能力、增加脂肪动员、降低乳酸堆积和蛋白质分解有关。其抗氧化能力与清除自由基和减弱脂质过氧化有关。总之,核桃清蛋白抗氧化肽在营养补充剂方面具有较高的开发和应用前景。     

大豆卵磷脂的提纯研究

本研究采用简便有效的方法来提纯大豆卵磷脂,产品纯度达到了90％以上。(1)用无机盐沉淀法提取卵磷脂,产品纯度达到82％,并除去主要杂质;(2)用柱层析法精制卵磷脂,纯度91％;(3)纯度鉴定用HPLC法。     

新疆野生党参总黄酮体内抗氧化及抗疲劳作用研究

本论文采用对照组及新疆野生党参总黄酮低、中、高三个不同浓度剂量组灌胃小鼠25 d后对其血清与肝脏的超氧化歧化酶( Superoxide Dismutase SOD)活性、丙二醛(Maleic Dialdehyde MDA)含量及肌糖原、肝糖原、血清尿素氮水平等进行测试,并进行负重游泳实验.结果表明:新疆野生党参总黄酮能增强小鼠血清和肝脏的SOD活性,降低MDA的含量,延长小鼠的负重游泳时间,提高肝糖原、肌糖原的储备量,降低小鼠运动后血清尿素氮水平.因而,新疆野生党参黄酮类化合物具明显的抗氧化抗疲劳生理功效.     

高纯度大豆卵磷脂对中国仓鼠肺细胞染色体畸变作用

目的研究高纯度大豆卵磷脂对中国仓鼠肺细胞（cHL）染色体畸变作用。方法测定高纯度大豆卵磷脂对CHL细胞的半数抑制浓度（IC50）,根据IC50设立不同剂量组,进行正式试验,分别观察高纯度大豆卵磷脂接触CHL6h,24h及加S9后6h染色体的畸变情况,根据标准进行结果判定。结果染毒6h,24h及加S9后染毒6h染色体畸变为阴性。结论高纯度大豆卵磷脂不能引起CHL细胞染色体产生畸变作用。     

花生肽对小鼠的抗疲劳作用研究

目的：探讨花生肽对ICR小鼠的抗疲劳作用。方法：采用SPF级雄性ICR小鼠80只按体重随机分为4组,分别为空白对照组、3个花生肽干预组（250、500、1 000 mg/kg BW］。每日经口灌胃给予受试样品水溶液,干预周期为30 d,干预结束后进行负重游泳试验,并对各组小鼠负重游泳力竭时间进行记录,同时对其血糖水平、血清尿素氮含量及乳酸脱氢酶活力进行测定,并检测各组小鼠血乳酸水平,检测各组小鼠肝、肌糖原含量,并测定小鼠血清生化指标,同时测定小鼠心肌、肝脏及腓肠肌氧化应激和脂质过氧化指标水平。结果：与空白对照组相比,花生肽可显著延长小鼠负重游泳力竭时间,并提高其乳酸脱氢酶活性,降低运动后小鼠血乳酸含量,加强肌糖原储备,提高心肌SOD活力。结论：花生肽具备一定的抗疲劳作用。     

大豆黄酮抗氧化及抗癌作用

大豆黄酮是异黄酮类化合物中最重要的生理活性物质。近年来发现它在促进生理机能、提高机体免疫力、抗氧化、抗癌方面的特殊功能使其成为研究热点。本文主要综述了大豆异黄酮的理化特性以及在抗氧化、抗癌等功能特性方面的最新研究进展,并根据当前研究现状对其应用前景和价值进行了展望。     

Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions in Reverse Micelles Formed by Soybean Lecithin

Reverse micelles formed by soybean lecithin in isooctane were used as a reaction medium for both the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis as well as the synthesis of lipids. Neither reaction appears to follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics and it is suggested that the rates are diffusion controlled. The hydrolysis of para-nitrophenylpalmitate (PNPP) and, in particular, the pH-dependency of the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis was then examined. The highest rate of reaction occurred at pH_opt = 5–5.5, which was the same in water and lecithin reverse micelles, as well as in reverse micelles formed by bis(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate (AOT) in isooctane. The dependence of the reaction rate on the water content of the micellar system was investigated for the same reaction. The maximal rate was found at an extremely low water content, i.e. at W_o = 2.2 (W_o = [H₂O]/[Lecithin]). The temperature stability of the lipase in lecithin reverse micelles was also studied and found to be greater than in aqueous solutions. Studies of the dependence of the relative initial velocity on temperature have shown that the highest rate in reverse micelles is obtained at 60d`C.     

Effects of Soy Lecithin Extender on Dog Sperm Cryopreservation

Semen cryopreservation is an essential biotechnology in canine reproduction and during the cryopreservation process commonly egg yolk are used. The discrepancy in the egg yolk composition and the potential risk of disease dissemination are obstacles for semen exportation and use. Therefore, studies aiming to substitute egg yolk are extremely important. In this context, soy lecithin contains a low-density lipoprotein fraction, is an interesting alternative. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare extenders based on soy lecithin (several concentrations and forms) with egg yolk during the cryopreservation process of dog sperm. For this purpose, we used twelve dogs. Semen was evaluated at different time points (after refrigeration, glycerolization, and thawing), by motility analysis (CASA) and functional tests (e.g., membrane integrity—eosin/nigrosin, acrosome integrity—fast green/Bengal rose, mitochondrial activity—3’3 diaminobenzidine, Chromatin susceptibility to acid-induced denaturation—SCSA, and susceptibility to oxidative stress—thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). The results indicated that egg yolk and lower concentrations of lecithin had similar effects on mitochondrial activity and motility. Thus, soy lecithin is a potentially viable alternative to egg yolk for the cryopreservation of dog semen.     

Determination of the IgE-binding activity of soy lecithin and refined and non-refined soybean oils

In the present study refined and non-refined soybean oils as well as soy lecithins were investigated for residual allergenicity and compared with extracts from native soybeans. By means of immunoblotting and EAST inhibition experiments no IgE-binding activity was detectable in refined soybean oils, which is probably due to thermal treatment during the refining. The investigated non-refined oils and soy lecithins showed a residual IgE-binding activity. In addition in the lecithin extracts a new IgE-binding structure with a molecular mass of approximately 16 kDa was detectable.     

Antioxidant Capacity of Flavonoid in Soybean Seedlings under the Joint Actions of Rare Earth Element La(III) and Ultraviolet-B Stress

The dynamic state of antioxidant capacity of flavonoid was investigated for a further demonstration of alleviating the damage of the ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation in the La-treated soybean seedlings under UV-B stress. Using hydroponics culture, the effects of lanthanum on the contents of flavonoid and its ability of antioxidant under elevated ultraviolet-B radiation (280–320 nm) was studied. The results showed flavonoid content in soybean seedlings with UV-B treatment during the stress and convalescent period was increased initially and then decreased, compared with control. Membrane permeability and MDA contents increase at first (first to fifth day) and then decrease (6th–11th day). A similar change of flavonoid content and clearance of flavonoid scavenging and ·OH in soybean seedlings occurred. Flavonoid content and ability of flavonoid scavenging and ·OH in soybean seedlings with La(III) + UV-B treatment were higher than those of UV-B treatment. Meanwhile, membrane permeability and MDA contents in soybean seedlings were lower than those of UV-B treatment. Compared with control, phenylalanine content in soybean seedlings with UV-B treatment is depressed, phenylalanine content in soybean seedlings with La(III) treatment was enhanced. However, phenylalanine content in La(III) + UV-B treatment is not decreased but slightly increased, compared with UV-B treatment. It suggested that the regulative effect of La(III) of the optimum concentration on flavonoid improved the metabolism of ROS, diminished the concentration of MDA and maintained normal plasma membrane permeability, and that its protective effect against low UV-B radiation is superior to that of high UV-B radiation. The defensive effect of La(III) on soybean seedlings under UV-B stress is carried out on the layer of defense system.     

芦丁脂肪酸酯对Fe~(2+)诱导的卵磷脂氧化的抑制作用

通过酯化反应将一定长度的烃基链引入黄酮糖苷分子中可以提高糖苷的抗氧化活性。本文以反映脂质氧化修饰程度的硫代巴比妥酸反应物质（TBARS）的含量为监测指标,用可见光分光光度计比色法对比研究了三种新合成的芦丁脂肪酸酯——芦丁硬脂酸酯、芦丁月桂酸酯、芦丁正己酸酯及芦丁对Fe^2＋介导的卵磷脂氧化修饰的影响。结果表明三种芦丁脂肪酸酯均具有抗氧化活性,且芦丁月桂酸酯和芦丁正己酸酯的抗氧化活性均明显优于芦丁,其中芦丁正己酸酯具有最好的抗氧化活性。在芦丁分子中引入适宜长度的短烃基链可以改善其亲水亲脂平衡从而提高其抗氧化活性。     

Effects of Lecithin Addition in Oil or Water Phase on the Stability of Emulsions Made with Whey Proteins

The effects of lecithin addition in oil or water phase on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions made with 0.1 wt% whey protein and 10 wt% n-tetradecane at neutral and acidic pH were studied by monitoring the gravitational creaming and phase separation. The effects of lecithin addition on the interfacial behavior of β-lactoglobulin were also studied to compare with the results of emulsion stability. At neutral pH, crude phosphatidylcholine (PC) from egg yolk or soybean increased the stability of the emulsion made with protein and lowered the interfacial tension of protein films more effectively than pure egg PC. A more remarkable effect on both the emulsion stability and the interfacial tension was found when crude PC was added in the oil phase rather than in the water phase. The purity of lecithins and the way to add them are suggested to be very important to make a stable emulsion with protein. On acidic pH (4.5 or 3.0), the increased creaming or phase separation in a whey protein-stabilized emulsion, but the lowered interfacial tension of β-lactoglobulin films, were found upon the addition of pure or crude PC in oil or water phase. These results suggest that in acidic pH, densely packed films may be formed on a planar oil–water interface, but not on adsorbed layers around oil droplets in an emulsion.     

低强度激光照射对老龄小鼠的抗氧化系统的影响

目的：研究低强度激光照射对机体抗氧化系统的影响。方法：采用不同剂量的低强度He-Ne激光照射老龄小鼠肝区,照射后观察T－SOD,Cn-SOD,Mn-SOD,T-AO,GSH-PX,GSH,MDA等指标。结果：能量密度分别为2．48J／cm^2,12．48J／cm^2,18．72J／cm^2的低强度He-Ne激光可提高,Cu,Zn-SOD,Mn-SOD,总SOD,及GSH－PX活性,可提高GSH含量和总抗氧化能力,降低MDA含量,其中以能量密度为18．72J／cm^2最为显著,使老龄小鼠以上各项指标恢复接近正常水平。结论：低强度激光照射可以提高机体抗氧化酶的活性和抗氧化剂的含量,增强机体抗氧化能力。     

In vitro assessment of soybean lecithin and egg yolk based diluents for cryopreservation of goat semen

Soybean lecithin is a suitable plant-based cryoprotectant for freezing ruminant sperm. Optimum level of lecithin was not clear for goat semen cryopreservation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of soybean lecithin in semen extender on post-thaw sperm quality including CASA-motion parameters, viability, plasma membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation. Semen samples were collected from 4 Mahabadi bucks using an artificial vagina. Different concentrations of soy lecithin (SL, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% w/v) were compared to 15% (v/v) egg yolk-based extender (TR-EY). No significant difference was observed for sperm progressive motility, viability or plasma membrane integrity in 1.5% SL media (33.8%, 66%, and 62.7%, respectively) and TR-EY medium (35.4%, 67.2%, and 64.9%, respectively). Sperm motion characteristics (VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH and LIN) and rapid spermatozoa were improved with extender containing 1% and 1.5% SL, compared to TR-EY extender. Furthermore, egg yolk produced significantly higher malondialdehyde (4.02 ± 0.21) than other groups. Results suggest that the optimal lecithin concentration in the semen extender was 1.5% and also soy lecithin can substitute for egg yolk during cryopreservation for caprine sperm.     

基因型和激素浓度对大豆植株再生的影响

本文采用8个大豆基因型,比较了NAA激素浓度对大豆下胚轴植株再生的影响。结果表明：所有的基因型在合适的培养条件下,均能形成愈伤组织 ,但不同基因型由愈伤组织诱导植株再生频率有很大差异,供试的8个品种中,在NAA浓度为0.1-0.5mg/L的培养基上,汾豆33号表现出较高的再生率,达50％;晋豆19号次之,为42％;而晋旱125则较低,仅19％。较合适的培养条件是：下胚轴在B5＋NAA 0.3mg/L KT1mg/L 3%蔗糖,可高频率地诱导出愈伤组织并直接分成苗。