外科治疗囊性听神经瘤14例临床观察

目的：探讨囊性听神经瘤的临床特点及手术经验。方法：回顾分析2006年1月-2010年12月我院收治的14例囊性听经瘤的临床资料。结果：肿瘤全切除12例,不全切除2例,无死亡病例,术后4例病人面瘫加重,1例病人听力丧失。结论：与实质性听神经瘤相比,囊性听神经瘤体积较大,病程短,始发症状不典型,颅神经常被累及,可不发生内听道扩大,脑积水发生率低,手术效果差。     

显微手术治疗囊性听神经瘤的临床研究

目的:探讨显微外科开颅治疗囊性听神经鞘瘤的肿瘤全切情况及面、听神经的保留情况。方法:回顾性分析2006年8月至2013年9月我院收治的42例经枕下乙状窦后入路开颅囊性听神经鞘瘤手术患者的临床资料,同时对37例患者进行术后随访,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果:囊性听神经鞘瘤(42例)手术全切率simpson(Ⅰ-Ⅱ级)为64.28%(27例),次全切除率(simpsonⅢ级)为26.19%(11例),部分切除率为(simpsonⅣ级)为9.53%(4例),面神经解剖保留率为71.43%(30例),面神经功能保留率为14.29%(6例),听神经解剖保留率为7.1%,听神经功能保留3例,较实质性听神经瘤的手术效果差。结论:囊性听神经瘤的面、听神经解剖与功能保护尚有难度,需要进一步提高。     

囊性听神经瘤的超微病理学观察

听神经瘤好发于桥小脑角,是颅内常见肿瘤之一,囊性变是听神经瘤的重要病理特征,也是导致听神经瘤体积快速增大,压迫周围神经组织,导致临床症状的突然恶化。因此,阐明囊性变听神经瘤的病理、发生机制具有重要的临床意义。本实验取10例听神经瘤标本,其中4例为囊性听神经瘤标本,电子显微镜观察超微病理,与实性听神经瘤相比,     

膀胱再生技术改进及并发症预防和处理的临床分析(附161例报告)

目的:改进膀胱再生方法,预防并发症产生,提高膀胱再生临床治疗效果.方法:膀胱全切除行膀胱再生术66例,大部切除膀胱再生术70例,结核性挛缩膀胱再生扩大术25例.结果:不全随访膀胱全切除者其中1例无瘤生存16年,另1例现已无瘤生存10年.膀胱大部切除无瘤生存10年以上者12例.结核性挛缩膀胱再生扩大术6例死于其它疾病,19例生存.结论:膀胱再生术,可应用于治疗膀胱各种疾病.对膀胱肿瘤切除部位和范围不受限,对病人打击小,年老体弱者可接受.     

后腹腔镜肾上腺全部切除与部分切除治疗醛固酮瘤的疗效对比

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾上腺全部切除与部分切除治疗醛固酮瘤的疗效。方法:收集我院收治的醛固酮瘤患者60例,随机分为部分切除组和全切除组,每组30例,分别给予肾上腺部分切除以及肾上腺全切除手术,手术结束后,对所有患者的住院时间、术中出血量、手术时间、血清钾、血清醛固酮水平以及患者的治疗效果进行检测并比较。结果:手术后,部分切除组和全切除组患者血清钾水平均升高(P0.05),醛固酮水平均降低(P0.05);与全切除组相比,部分切除组患者的术中出血量以及住院时间较短(P0.05),血清钾水平较高(P0.05),血清醛固酮水平较低(P0.05);两组患者的手术时间以及临床疗效无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:后腹腔镜肾上腺部分切除术较全切除术能够缩短醛固酮瘤患者住院时间,减少手术出血量,升高血清钾水平,降低醛固酮水平。但两种术式的手术时间以及临床疗效相当,对临床有指导意义。     

听神经瘤的显微外科现状

听神经瘤是主要起源于前庭神经的良性肿瘤,手术切除是其主要治疗方法之一,听神经瘤常用手术入路包括枕下乙状窦后入路(RSC)、经颅中窝入路(MFC)、经迷路入路(TLC)三种手术入路.非手术治疗包括放射治疗以及动态影像学观察.术中面神经监测应用为解决听神经瘤手术中面神经功能保留问题提供了一种很好的途径,使听神经瘤的并发症发生率已大大降低.本文就听神经瘤外科治疗做一综述.     

腹膜后椎前副神经节瘤3例报道并文献复习

目的:提高腹膜后椎前副神经节瘤的CT诊断水平.方法:报道3例经手术病理证实的腹膜后椎前副神经节瘤的临床资料、CT表现、病理结果并复习相关文献.结果:3例患者均位于腹膜后椎前、腹主动脉右侧、右侧肾上腺前内方.动脉期病灶实性部分呈中等程度不均匀强化;门脉期强化更广、更均匀;延迟期病灶强化程度开始减低;坏死区不强化,于门脉期边界显示最清.2例患者手术完全切除.1例部分切除,随访一年患者基本情况良好.结论:CT检查尤其是双期扫描并结合临床可提高诊断率,并为手术提供相关资料.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤临床分析(附2例小儿和6例成人病例)

目的:探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas,SPTP)的诊断和治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析上海市第一人民医院在2006年6月-2011年11月年收治的8例SPTP病人的临床表现和影像学检查、治疗的情况,其中小儿2例,成人6例.结果:有7例女性病人,1例男性病人,有腹痛或无特异性临床表现.所有病例均进行CT检查.肿瘤位于胰腺头部1例,胰腺颈部2例,位于胰体尾5例.1例行胰十二指肠切除术,2例行胰腺颈部节段性切除术,4例行胰体尾切除+脾切除术,1例行胰体尾切除术(保留脾脏),手术顺利,术后无并发症发生.随访时间4-56月,无复发和转移.结论:胰腺实性假乳头状瘤是一种较罕见的肿瘤,多发于年青女性.CT有助于该病的诊断.手术切除是该病的主要治疗手段,并可获得良好的预后.     

肾囊肿腹腔镜手术后复发原因分析与对策

目的:分析肾囊肿腹腔镜手术后复发原因并提出相应对策。方法:回顾性分析我院2006年1月至2011年1肿)的诊疗过程和复发情况,分析复发原因并提出需要重视的相关技术细节。结果:325例病人复发28例,其中囊壁游离不充分,囊壁切除不够7例,占复发病例25.0%;手术清除2月采用腹腔镜技术治疗的325例单纯性肾囊肿患者(412个肾囊不够16例,占复发病例57.1%;术后尿性囊肿形成误判为囊肿复发2例,占复发病例7.1%,其他3例,占10.7%。结论:腹腔镜技术是一种安全、有效的单纯性肾囊肿治疗方法,选择合理的手术入路,同时对某些技术环节合理运用和改良,有助于降低术后复发率。     

胃间质瘤11例临床诊治分析

目的:探讨胃间质瘤(GST)的诊断和治疗措施.方法:回顾性分析我院2000年4月至2006年3月近6年收治的1I例胃间质瘤患者的临床表现、辅助检查、手术治疗方式及病理结果.结果:临床以消化道出血、腹部肿块表现为主,症状无特异性,所有病例术前均行胃镜及CT检查,均行手术治疗,其中6例行肿瘤楔形切除,5例行胃大部切除术,病理诊断良性5例(45.5%)交界性1例(9%),恶性5例(45.5%).随访时间3个月至5年,死亡1例,死于腹腔广泛转移.结论:胃间质瘤缺乏特异的临床表现,术前诊断困难,胃镜和CT可发现病变,诊断以病理诊断为准,其中免疫组化结果为重要诊断依据,治疗以手术切除为主.     

Parental origin of chromosome 22 loss in sporadic and NF2 neuromas.

It has recently been proposed that the maternally derived chromosome might be preferentially lost in nonfamilial cases of embryonal or early onset malignant tumors. This observation pointed to a potential role of the parental imprinting of the genome during gametogenesis which would be at least partly maintained in the somatic cells. Neuromas are benign tumors that develop from Schwann cells. They occur either sporadically or in individuals that have a genetic predisposition due to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and usually are multiple. Regardless of the context of occurrence, in approximately 40% of the investigated cases a loss of a chromosome 22 has been documented either by karyotype analysis or by monitoring somatic loss of heterozygosity. We have now examined the parental origin of the chromosome 22 lost in 19 cases of neuromas of patients with unaffected parents among which 11 were non-NF2 patients (sporadic and unique neuroma) and 8 were NF2 patients (bilateral acoustic or multiple neuromas). In both sets of tumors, the lost chromosome 22 can be of either parental origin. A close to threefold preference for the loss of the maternally derived chromosome was observed and should be either confirmed or disproved by studying a larger number of patients.     

Neuroma under the fifth metatarsal head. A retrospective study

This retrospective study was carried out over 83 surgical cases at the distal portion of the fifth metatarsal, compromising the treatment of tailor's bunion, fifth metatarsal overload and the concomitant presence of both pathologies in some cases. Neuromas were founded under the fifth metatarsal head in 18 of the cases studied (21.7%). The results look at whether if there is an association between different fifth metatarsal pathologies and the presence of neuromas and found a significant association between the appearance of neuromas in patients with the same metatarsal overload, especially if it is accompanied by a tailor's bunion pathology.     

Adenoid cystic pattern in follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a report of four cases

S. Mandal, and S. Jain
Adenoid cystic pattern in follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a report of four cases Objective: An adenoid cystic pattern in thyroid tumours is a rare finding that may be seen in papillary carcinoma of thyroid (PCT), the follicular variant of PCT (FV‐PCT), a rare cribriform‐morular variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroid (CMV‐PCT) and follicular carcinoma. There is little published cytological literature describing these patterns. We report four cases of PCT with this unusual pattern. Methods: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology was performed on four patients with a neck lump using a 22‐G needle; smears were stained with Giemsa and Papanicolaou stains. Immunocytochemical staining for thyroglobulin was done in all cases. Results: The patients were female and ranged in age from 18 to 46 years. They presented with a gradually increasing mass in the neck. FNA smears in all cases showed nuclear features of PCT. There were also prominent follicular areas with hyaline globules in some of the cell clusters reminiscent of adenoid cystic carcinoma and, in places, morula‐like groups of neoplastic cells were also seen. Immunocytochemistry for thyroglobulin was positive in all cases but negative in the hyaline globules. Conclusions: Adenoid cystic areas with morula‐like groups in PCT are a rare finding. Cytopathologists and clinicians should be aware of these distinct features in thyroid tumours to avoid diagnosing metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma. It is also important to rule out CMV‐PCT since that variant is mostly associated with familial adenomatous polyposis, although sporadic occurrence is known.     

B超在肝囊型包虫病诊断中的临床价值与意义

目的：评价B超在肝囊型包虫病诊断中的价值与临床意义。方法：回顾性分析我院2000年12月至2011年12月收治的接受B超检查和手术治疗的332肝囊型包虫病例的临床资料。结果：332例肝囊型包虫病患者中,303例经过手术证实;肝囊型包虫病的B超分型可分为单发单囊型、多发单囊型、多子囊型、破裂感染型和坏死钙化型。单发单囊型患者以低年龄组多发,而高年龄组较少;破裂感染型以高年龄组多发;坏死钙化型病人共3例年龄均在60岁以上;破裂感染型占各型中病例数最多。结论：B型超声检查是肝囊型包虫病的主要检查方法,可确定包虫病的分型,了解包虫囊肿的部位、数目、大小和结构,为术前诊断、手术定位、观察治疗效果提供参考依据。     

Critical ratio: effects of contralateral masking on normal and pathological ears]

In order to evaluate the central interferences on the auditory efficiency, the effect of contralateral masking noise on Critical Ratio (CR) has been studied in 14 normal ears (control group), in 12 ears with cochlear disorders and in 6 with retrocochlear lesion (acoustic neuromas); in all cases the impairment was unilateral, while the other ear was normal. CR values were calculated for 1 KHz pulsed tones (duration 500 ms, rise/fall 25 ms, duty cycle of 50%); the masking noise was a wide band (90-20,000 Hz) delivered at 40 dB SL. The results have demonstrated that in the presence of contralateral masking noise, CRs don't modify both in the normal ears and in those with retrocochlear disorder, whereas they increase, almost always, in ears with cochlear deafness. These results demonstrate that the involvement of central auditory pathways, because of contralateral noise, makes the auditory efficiency worse, only in ears with cochlear dysfunctions; this behaviour seems to confirm the peripheral origin of CR.     

Effects of tail docking and docking length on neuroanatomical changes in healed tail tips of pigs

In pig production, piglets are tail docked at birth in order to prevent tail biting later in life. In order to examine the effects of tail docking and docking length on the formation of neuromas, we used 65 pigs and the following four treatments: intact tails (n=18); leaving 75% (n=17); leaving 50% (n=19); or leaving 25% (n=11) of the tail length on the pigs. The piglets were docked between day 2 and 4 after birth using a gas-heated apparatus, and were kept under conventional conditions until slaughter at 22 weeks of age, where tails were removed and examined macroscopically and histologically. The tail lengths and diameters differed at slaughter (lengths: 30.6±0.6; 24.9±0.4; 19.8±0.6; 8.7±0.6 cm; P<0.001; tail diameter: 0.5±0.03; 0.8±0.02; 1.0±0.03; 1.4±0.04 cm; P<0.001, respectively). Docking resulted in a higher proportion of tails with neuromas (64 v. 0%; P<0.001), number of neuromas per tail (1.0±0.2 v. 0; P<0.001) and size of neuromas (1023±592 v. 0 μm; P<0.001). The results show that tail docking piglets using hot-iron cautery causes formation of neuromas in the outermost part of the tail tip. The presence of neuromas might lead to altered nociceptive thresholds, which need to be confirmed in future studies.     

人工骨表面覆盖口腔修复膜对颌骨囊性缺损人工骨植入术患者植入腔感染的预防作用

目的:探讨人工骨表面覆盖口腔修复膜对颌骨囊性缺损人工骨植入术患者植入腔感染的预防作用。方法:将我院2012年4月～2016年2月收治的78例颌骨囊性缺损患者按治疗时间分为对照组38例与观察组40例,均行开窗人工骨植入术,其中对照组采取常规抗感染,观察组采取人工骨表面覆盖口腔修复膜。比较两组的囊腔体积、面积缩减率、人工骨植入量、骨厚度及植入腔感染率。结果:两组的囊腔体积、面积缩减率及人工骨植入量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但观察组的骨厚度明显大于对照组(P0.05),植入腔感染率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在开窗人工骨植入术的基础上使用口腔修复膜不仅能引导骨组织再生,而且能够显著降低植入腔的感染率。