内蒙古东部伞菌和牛肝菌名录(续)

报道采自内蒙古自治区赤峰市及呼伦贝尔市等地的伞菌和牛肝菌4目24科65属201种,其中包括86种食用菌,24种药用菌和23种有毒种类,其他为经济价值尚不明确的种。其中有8种为本地区分布的中国新记录种,即大孢锥盖伞Conocybe macrospora(G.F.Atk.)Hauskn.、卡西米尔丝膜菌Cortinarius casimiri(Velen.)Huijsman、棕黑丝膜菌C.diasemospermus Lamoure、黏膜丝膜菌C.mucosus(Bull.)J.Kickx f.、假变形丝膜菌C.pseudotalus Rob.Henry、美柄丝膜菌C.venustus P.Karst.、春丝膜菌C.vernus H.Lindstr.Melot和黄棕丝盖伞Inocybe fuscidula Velen.,并首次在该地区发现松口蘑Tricholoma matsutake(S.ItoS.Imai)Singer。     

中国丝膜菌属三个新记录种

报道了丝膜菌属Cortinarius Telamonia亚属的3个中国新记录种,其中双环丝膜菌C bivelus产自我国东北和西南地区,亚石榴丝膜菌C.subbalaustinus产自云南省,亚野丝膜菌C subtorvus产自西藏自治区.对这3个种进行了详细的描述,并提供其宏观特征和显微结构图片.     

采自内蒙古大兴安岭的丝膜菌属新记录种

报道了采自内蒙古大兴安岭地区丝膜菌属3个中国新记录种：橄榄棕丝膜菌Cortinarius olivaceofuscus、暗褐牛丝膜菌C. fuscobovinus和黄色丝膜菌C. croceus,并提供形态描述和线条图以及GenBank基因序列号。ITS序列分析及比对结果与形态学鉴定结果相吻合。研究标本存放于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆。     

柯夫丝膜菌,中国丝膜菌属一新种(英文)

报道了产自我国云南的丝膜菌属一新种:柯夫丝膜菌Cortinarius korfii。该新种主要特征为菌盖表面橄榄褐色并具小鳞片,菌褶蓝紫色,菌柄表面具绒毛,子实体在紫外光下有显著的荧光反应。详细描述了这一新种,并与其相似种进行了比较。     

大豆疫霉和苜蓿疫霉rDNA ITS序列分析*

采用真菌核糖体基因转录间隔区(ITS)通用引物,PCR分别扩增了Phytophthora sojae的5个菌株(Pg1、Pg2、Pg3、CN1和S317)和1个P. medicaginis (菌株44390)的ITS1与ITS2,并对PCR产物进行了序列测定。根据Bioedit软件中的neighbour-joining methods分析法将上述序列和Genbank中已登录的P. sojae、P. medicaginis、P. megasperma和P.trifolii等4个形态学种10个登录菌株的ITS1与ITS2碱基序列进行聚类分析。结果是聚类组与形态学种有一定差别,4个种16个菌株分成7个聚类组。结果表明,分别属于同一形态学种且可聚为一组的不同个体之间的ITS碱基序列遗传相似性最高,但是也具有一定的多样性;形态学上属于不同种的个体的ITS可以聚为一组。上述结果提示L41385可能不属于P. sojae, L41380可能属于是P. trifolii,P. megasperma仍是一个复合种。同时提示ITS DNA碱基序列可以区分形态学种。     

大豆疫霉和苜蓿疫霉rDNA ITS序列分析

采用真菌核糖体基因转录间隔区(ITS)通用引物,PCR分别扩增了Phytophthora sojae的5个菌株(Pg1、Pg2、Pg3、CN1和S317)和1个P. medicaginis (菌株44390)的ITS1与ITS2,并对PCR产物进行了序列测定。根据Bioedit软件中的neighbour-joining methods分析法将上述序列和Genbank中已登录的P. sojae、P. medicaginis、P. megasperma和P.trifolii等4个形态学种10个登录菌株的ITS1与ITS2碱基序列进行聚类分析。结果是聚类组与形态学种有一定差别,4个种16个菌株分成7个聚类组。结果表明,分别属于同一形态学种且可聚为一组的不同个体之间的ITS碱基序列遗传相似性最高,但是也具有一定的多样性;形态学上属于不同种的个体的ITS可以聚为一组。上述结果提示L41385可能不属于P. sojae, L41380可能属于是P. trifolii,P. megasperma仍是一个复合种。同时提示ITS DNA碱基序列可以区分形态学种。     

大豆疫霉和苜蓿疫霉rDNA ITS序列分析

采用真菌核糖体基因转录间隔区(ITS)通用引物,PCR分别扩增了Phytophthora sojae的5个菌株(Pg1、Pg2、Pg3、CN1和S317)和1个P.medicaginis(菌株44390)的ITS1与ITS2,并对PCR产物进行了序列测定。根据Bioedit软件中的neighbour-joining methods分析法将上述序列和Genbank中已登录的P.sojae、P.medicaginis、P.megasperma和P．trifolii等4个形态学种10个登录菌株的ITS1与ITS2碱基序列进行聚类分析。结果是聚类组与形态学种有一定差别,4个种16个菌株分成7个聚类组。结果表明,分别属于同一形态学种且可聚为一组的不同个体之间的ITS碱基序列遗传相似性最高,但是也具有一定的多样性;形态学上属于不同种的个体的ITS可以聚为一组。上述结果提示L41385可能不属于P.sojae,L41380可能属于是P.trifolii,P.megasperma仍是一个复合种。同时提示ITS DNA碱基序列可以区分形态学种。     

1株产纤维素酶木霉菌种的鉴定

对自行筛选分离的1株木霉菌进行形态学及分子生物学鉴定。采用CTAB法抽提其基因组总DNA,利用真菌通用引物ITS1和ITS4扩增菌株rDNA ITS区序列,扩增产物纯化后进行测序。测序结果在GenBank中进行同源性搜索,并下载部分具有代表性种的ITS序列,利用软件MEGA4构建分子系统发育树,通过序列分析,并结合形态学鉴定该菌属于半知菌亚门,丝孢纲,丛梗孢目,木霉属,康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningii)。     

江苏海域几种绿潮藻类rDNA ITS序列分析

于2009年5-7月定点采集了江苏海域绿潮藻类,测定、分析了这些藻类核糖体rDNA ITS序列,并进行分类鉴定。研究结果显示,ITS+5.8S序列片段长度为552-578 bp,其中ITS1序列部分长度为179-182 bp,5.8S序列全长为155-158 bp,ITS2序列全长为180-196 bp,序列的平均GC含量(contents)为61.6%-63.3%,不同ITS序列存在不同的插入/缺失位点。扩增得到27个序列中有7个不同序列,依据NCBI数据库相似性查找、系统进化关系及遗传距离等分析结果,确定有4个种类:浒苔(Ulva prolifeya),缘管浒苔(U.linza),石莼属(Ulva sp.)1种及盘苔属(Blidingia sp.)1种。分析表明,ITS序列可作为石莼科种类鉴定的标记。     

石斛内生炭角菌DNA提取方法优化及分子鉴定

本文对石斛内生炭角菌DNA提取方法进行优化,并基于ITS序列及其ITS2二级结构对其进行分子鉴定。比较试剂盒法及不同浓度（2%、3%、4%）CTAB法的DNA提取效果并对CTAB法进行优化;进行ITS序列的扩增及ITS2二级结构的预测。结果表明：4%的CTAB提取效果最佳,优化的CTAB法大大缩短了DNA提取时间;ITS序列与炭角菌属3个种的相似度均为99%,ITS2二级结构仅与Xylaria arbuscula的二级结构100%相似。本研究所优化的CTAB法能为后续相关研究提供便利;结合ITS序列及ITS2二级结构能对石斛内生炭角菌进行准确的分子鉴定。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism