复方奥硝唑-甲磺酸培氟沙星缓释制剂对人牙周膜细胞凋亡及超微结构的影响

目的：观察不同浓度复方奥硝唑．甲磺酸培氟沙星缓释制剂对人牙周膜细胞（HPDLC）凋亡与超微结构的影响。方法：用含有不同浓度复方奥硝唑一甲磺酸培氟沙星缓释制剂（0、1．25、2．5、5、10、20g／L）的培养液对人牙周膜细胞进行培养,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡指数;透射电镜下观察HPDLC超微结构的改变。结果：在1．25、2．5gm的浓度下对HPDLC的凋亡率和超微结构均与对照组无显著性差异;而5、10g/L的浓度组的细胞凋亡率较对照组小且超微结构显示细胞胞质内粗面内质网和线粒体增多,细胞突起增多;而在高浓度药物20g/L的作用下,凋亡率有所增加,细胞发生退变,溶酶体增多。结论：5、10g／L的复方奥硝唑甲磺酸培氟沙星缓释制荆对体外培养的HPDLC的生长有一定促进作用。高浓度药物20g/L则对HPDLC生长有一定的抑制作用．     

人白蛋白对HK-2 细胞凋亡的作用

目的:探讨人白蛋白对体外培养的HK-2细胞凋亡的作用。方法:本实验研究对象为HK-2细胞株,将培养的HK-2细胞与20g/L的人白蛋白共同孵育0、4、6、8小时后,用Hoechst33258染色检测细胞凋亡。不同浓度(0g/L、5 g/L、10 g/L、20g/L和30g/L)的人白蛋白与体外培养的HK-2分别共同孵育0、4、6、8小时后,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果:Hoechst33258染色结果显示:培养基对照组未见明显细胞凋亡;20g/L白蛋白与HK-2细胞共同孵育4、6、8小时,与对照组比较,均可见HK-2细胞荧光强度增加,有着典型凋亡形态的细胞增多,且随着人白蛋白与HK-2细胞作用时间的延长,细胞凋亡的程度和数目也增多。流式细胞仪检测结果显示:与对照组比较,HK-2细胞的凋亡率随着人白蛋白与HK-2细胞作用的浓度和时间增加而显著性增高,细胞凋亡率在8h组为(9.15±0.15%),在30g/L组为(9.35±0.46%),均为最高。结论:人白蛋白以时间和剂量依赖方式诱导肾小管细胞凋亡,以30g/L作用浓度和8小时作用时间的人白蛋白诱导HK-2细胞凋亡的作用最显著。     

茶色素对人肺鳞癌细胞株SK-MES-1 细胞生长及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨茶色素对人肺鳞癌细胞株SK-MES-1细胞生长及凋亡的影响。方法:以超声细胞破碎法提取茶色素并计算得率。常规培养SK-MES-1细胞株,采用噻唑蓝溴化四唑(MTT)比色法观察不同浓度(5、2.5、1.25、0.625、0.3125 mg/m L)茶色素作用24、48 h对SK-MES-1细胞株生长的抑制作用,计算生长抑制率及IC_(50);以流式细胞术(FCM)荧光双染法(Annexin V/PI)观察茶色素对SK-MES-1细胞株凋亡的影响。结果:茶色素提取得率为7.35%。MTT实验结果显示随茶色素浓度增高和培养时间延长,其对细胞的生长抑制率也相应升高,即呈现剂量-时间依赖性,24 h和48 h处理的IC_(50)分别为2.353 mg/m L和1.494 mg/m L。流式细胞术检测作用24 h细胞凋亡,空白对照、0.625 mg/m L和1.25 mg/m L剂量组的SK-MES-1细胞凋亡率分别为7.7%、20.37%和25.25%。结论:茶色素可促进SK-MES-1细胞凋亡并抑制其增殖。     

双氢青蒿素调控巨噬细胞增殖和迁移的作用研究

目的:探讨双氢青蒿素在体外对小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖、克隆形成、周期、凋亡和迁移的影响。方法:采用梯度浓度(2.5μg/m L, 5μg/m L, 10μg/m L, 20μg/m L)的双氢青蒿素处理RAW264.7细胞,利用CCK8实验检测双氢青蒿素对巨噬细胞增殖能力的影响,利用克隆形成实验检测双氢青蒿素对RAW264.7细胞克隆形成能力的影响,利用流式细胞术检测双氢青蒿素对RAW264.7细胞周期和凋亡的影响,利用划痕修复实验检测RAW264.7细胞迁移能力。结果:CCK8实验结果显示,双氢青蒿素可以显著抑制RAW264.7巨噬细胞的增殖能力,且抑制效果与双氢青蒿素的浓度呈正相关性。克隆形成实验结果显示,双氢青蒿素可以抑制细胞的克隆形成能力。双氢青蒿素处理使RAW264.7细胞G0/G1期比例显著升高,S期与G2/M期细胞比例显著降低。双氢青蒿素对巨噬细胞凋亡具有诱导作用,且凋亡诱导作用呈现浓度依赖的特性。划痕修复实验结果显示,双氢青蒿素可以显著抑制RAW264.7巨噬细胞的迁移能力。结论:双氢青蒿素可以导致巨噬细胞的细胞周期G0/G1阻滞,并且诱导细胞凋亡,对巨噬细胞增殖和迁移具有抑制作用。     

GSRd 对人脑胶质瘤U251 细胞端粒酶活性和hTERT表达的影响

目的:探索人参苷皂Rd对人脑胶质瘤的作用。方法:人脑胶质瘤U251细胞系细胞培养,不同浓度的人参皂苷Rd处理观察细胞形态、测定端粒酶活性以及h TERT表达水平。结果:随着GSRd浓度的升高,U251细胞的生长被明显抑制,出现了细胞凋亡和凋亡小体的现象;在经GSRd处理后U251细胞的端粒酶活性,对照组和溶媒组类似,而GSRd药物处理24 h后,细胞端粒酶活性显著降低,其中20μg/L组端粒酶活性降低极显著,P0.01,40μg/L和80μg/L组端粒酶活性显著降低,P0.05。GSRd药物处理48 h后,细胞端粒酶在20、40、80μg/L处理后,端粒酶活性降低极显著,P0.01;20μg/L、40μg/L和80μg/L的GSRd处理细胞后,相比于对照和溶媒组,h TERT基因表达水平显著降低。结论:人参皂苷Rd能够促进人脑胶质瘤U251细胞凋亡,对于临床治疗脑胶质瘤有重要的意义。     

莪术油诱导人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡的研究

该实验目的是探究莪术油(zedoray turmeric oil,ZTO)诱导人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡的作用。不同浓度的ZTO作用人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞48 h后,采用台盼兰拒染法检测细胞生长抑制率;光学显微镜、荧光显微镜、透射电镜下观察细胞的形态和超微结构;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA片段化;Annexin V-FITC法检测细胞的凋亡率;实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测Bax、Bcl-2 m RNA和蛋白表达水平。结果显示,作用人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞48 h,ZTO的最佳浓度是110μg/m L,IC50为(108.002±0.305)μg/m L;显微镜下细胞呈不同程度的凋亡特征;DNA电泳可见梯状条带;最佳药物浓度作用细胞48 h的早期凋亡率为(25.07±0.82)%;Bax表达水平升高,Bcl-2表达水平降低,Bax/Bcl-2比值显著升高(P0.05),表明ZTO通过上调Bax表达、下调Bcl-2表达诱导人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡。     

硒对H2O2诱导的人甲状腺细胞凋亡和超微结构改变的影响

目的：观察硒对H2O2诱导的人甲状腺上皮细胞凋亡和超微结构改变的影响。方法：取良性甲状腺腺瘤旁正常组织进行细胞培养。加硒（10^-7mol／L）或不加硒后加入不同浓度H2O2（0～800μmol／L）刺激单层培养的甲状腺细胞,流式细胞术（FCM）检测甲状腺细胞凋亡率并在电镜下观察其超微结构的改变.结果：经过H2O2作用24h的人甲状腺细胞,随H2O2浓度升高,细胞凋亡率逐渐升高;电镜下甲状腺细胞超微结构呈损伤型改变,甚至出现凋亡、死亡。预先加入10^-7mol／L硒可降低细胞凋亡率,可明显减轻亚细胞结构损伤。结论：硒可减轻H2O2诱发的人甲状腺细胞的氧化损伤,拮抗其导致的细胞凋亡。     

地龙蛋白对人增生性瘢痕细胞增殖抑制作用机制研究

目的:研究地龙蛋白对人增生性瘢痕细胞增殖抑制作用机制。方法:培养人增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞(HSF),将传代好的HSF细胞分为四组,分别加入地龙样品浓度为0 mg/m L(对照组)、0.3125 mg/m L(低剂量组)、0.625 mg/m L(中剂量组)、1.25 mg/m L(高剂量组)。应用MTS法检测细胞活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR法和Western-blot法测定Cyclin D1、Caspase-3、TGF-β1的表达,Western-blot法测定Bcl-2、Mcl-2的表达。结果:地龙蛋白对HSF细胞的增殖活力有抑制作用。浓度0.625mg/m L、1.25 mg/m L样品组作用细胞48 h后凋亡率为分别为31.5%和69.2%,(P0.01);RT-PCR显示,浓度0.625 mg/m L、1.25mg/m L样品组能够增加Caspase-3的基因表达,降低Cyclin D1的基因表达,降低TGF-β1的基因表达,(P0.01);浓度0.3125mg/m L样品组与空白对照组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。W-B方法显示,各样品组能够增加Caspase-3的蛋白表达量,降低Cyclin D 1的蛋白表达量,降低TGF-β1的蛋白表达量,(P0.01);浓度0.625 mg/m L、1.25 mg/m L样品组能够降低Bcl-2蛋白表达量,(P0.01);浓度0.3125 mg/m L样品组Bcl-2的蛋白表达量与空白对照组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:地龙蛋白诱导细胞死亡,作用机制与下调Cyclin D1的基因和蛋白表达,上调Caspase-3的基因和蛋白表达,下调TGF-β1的基因和蛋白表达,下调Bcl-2蛋白表达量有关。     

地塞米松对人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721凋亡的影响

观察不同浓度的地塞米松(dexamethasone,Dex)对人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721凋亡的影响。SMMC-7721细胞培养于DMEM(高糖,含10%胎牛血清)培养液中,待细胞融合度达70%时,分别加入地塞米松,使其终浓度分别达到0.5μg/m L(低浓度组)、1.0μg/m L(中浓度组)和2.0μg/m L(高浓度组),另设一生理盐水对照组。诱导24 h后,Hoechst 33258染色,荧光倒置显微镜观察凋亡细胞形态和比例;发现随着Dex浓度的变化,凋亡的肝癌细胞数量、形态变化明显,Dex浓度越高,凋亡的肝癌细胞越多,并呈现浓度依赖性,即凋亡数与Dex浓度呈正相关。提取细胞总RNA,逆转录成为c DNA,荧光定量PCR法测定凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Caspase 3、Caspase 5、Caspase 7、Caspase 9、Fas及P53的表达。与对照组比较,3种浓度Dex处理的细胞其凋亡细胞形态和比例均发生显著差异,凋亡细胞数量显著增加,各相关基因表达均显著下降。Dex对SMMC-7721细胞具有诱导凋亡的作用。     

雷公藤红素对FADU细胞增殖抑制和促进凋亡作用

目的:探索不同浓度雷公藤红素(celastrol)对下咽癌FADU细胞增殖抑制及促进其凋亡的机制。方法:用不同浓度(0μmol/L,1μmol/L,3μmol/L,5μmol/L)雷公藤红素作用于FADU细胞,倒置显微镜下观察雷公藤红素干预后细胞形态变化情况;CCK-8法检测不同时间段(24、48、72 h)药物干预后FADU细胞的增殖变化;流式细胞仪检测雷公藤红素干预24 h后细胞凋亡率变化;Western-Blot检测不同药物浓度作用24 h后FADU细胞PI3K信号通路中与凋亡相关的关键蛋白的表达变化情况。结果:与对照组相比,在倒置显微镜下FADU细胞形态明显改变,细胞数量明显减少,细胞边界模糊不清,漂浮细胞增多,而随着用药浓度的增加细胞的增殖能力被显著抑制,PI3K、AKT、P-m TOR、Bcl-2蛋白表达明显减少,并且肿瘤细胞的凋亡率明显增高。结论:雷公藤红素对FADU细胞具有显著的增殖抑制效果,同时能够促进细胞凋亡,其原理主要与通过下调PI3K信号通路凋亡相关蛋白的表达有关。     

Epidural Sustained Release Ropivacaine Prolongs Anti-Allodynia and Anti-Hyperalgesia in Developing and Established Neuropathic Pain

Ropivacaine is a local anesthetic widely used for regional anesthesia and epidural analgesia, but its relatively short duration limits its clinical use. A novel sustained release lipid formulation of ropivacaine has been recently developed to prolong its duration. We examined the epidural anti-hypersensitivity and preemptive effects of ropivacaine in mesylate injection and sustained release suspension forms in a rat model of neuropathy produced by peripheral nerve injury. Epidural administration of ropivacaine mesylate injection specifically blocked mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia by approximately 50% with a biological half-effective duration of approximately 3 hrs. The equivalent dose of ropivacaine free-base in sustained release suspension significantly prolonged the duration of anti-allodynia and anti-hyperalgesia by approximately 2 times. Multiple daily epidural injections of ropivacaine in both the mesylate injection and sustained-release suspension forms did not induce tolerance or potentiation to anti-allodynia or anti-hyperalgesia. Moreover, the single or multiple daily administration of ropivacaine mesylate injection before surgery in particular, markedly blocked the initiation and development of neuropathic pain, increasing the biological half-effective duration from less than 4 hrs up to 1 or 2 days. The single and multiple daily epidural injection of ropivacaine sustained release suspension further delayed the biological half-lives to 2 and 3 days, respectively. Our results indicate that the epidural administration of ropivacaine effectively blocks neuropathic pain without the induction of analgesic tolerance, and significantly delays the development of neuropathy produced by peripheral nerve injury. Epidural ropivacaine sustained release suspension produces much longer blockade effects of mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia, and more significantly delays the development of neuropathic pain.     

Sustained Release Tablets Containing Soluble Polymethacrylates: Comparison with Tableted Polymethacrylate IPEC Polymers

The objective of this study was to compare a novel sustained release tablet formulation that has the potential to be used for drugs of different physicochemical properties using a binary mixture of polymethacrylate polymers in their salt forms with the polymethacrylate interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) tablets in terms of drug release and compactness. Also, we aimed to compare this formulation with an IPEC tablet in terms of drug release. Tablets prepared using Eudragit E-Citrate and Eudragit L-Sodium were more convenient, easier to prepare, and showed better sustained release and compactness characteristics compared to IPEC tablets of similar concentrations and preparation methods.     

干扰素α缓释微球的制备及体外释放研究

目的:开发一种有效地长效缓释干扰素α微球制剂。方法:利用S/O/W乳剂-挥发法制备了包裹干扰素α多糖颗粒的PLAG微球,对其外观形态进行了考察,并用ELISA方法考察了微球体外释放效果。结果:制备的干扰素α微球圆整光滑,粒径均匀;经24天体外释放,累计释放率达到80%以上。结论:通过包封包裹干扰素α的多糖颗粒进PLGA微球,有效地保护了干扰素α在微球中的活性,实现了长效缓释,是一种可行的缓释方案。     

Effects of somatostatin and adrenergic blockade on glucagon, insulin and glucose in exercising sheep

This study was conducted to characterize the mechanisms of hyperglycaemia in exercising sheep. Sheep were run on a treadmill for 45 min (5.5 km h-1, 8% incline) during adrenergic blockade (propranolol or phentolamine mesylate infusions) and during suppression of the rise in glucagon by infusion of somatostatin (SRIF). Propranolol did not alter the glucagon, insulin or glucose responses, except it tended to increase the metabolic clearance of glucose, presumably as a result of blocking the beta-adrenergic inhibition of glucose uptake. Phentolamine mesylate administration was associated with a suppression of the rise in glucagon concentrations, a reversal of alpha-adrenergic inhibition of insulin release and a reduction in glucose appearance during exercise. SRIF prevented the rise in glucagon and reduced insulin concentrations to below resting values. Propranolol and phentolamine mesylate did not alter the glucagon, insulin or glucose response to SRIF. However, SRIF prevented the insulin rise that occurred during phentolamine administration. The increment in glucose appearance produced in response to exercise was the same for SRIF, plus phentolamine mesylate and phentolamine mesylate in the first 25 min of exercise, but was significantly less than in the controls. During the last 20 min of exercise, glucose appearance was not significantly different from the control for any of the groups. The depression by SRIF and alpha-adrenergic blockade of the increment in glucose appearance due to exercise was associated with an impairment of the glucagon response. It appears, therefore, that glucagon may stimulate glucose production early in exercise in sheep directly, as well as by having a permissive effect.     

Solution-Mediated Phase Transformation of Haloperidol Mesylate in the Presence of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

Forming a salt is a common way to increase the solubility of a poorly soluble compound. However, the solubility enhancement gained by salt formation may be lost due to solution-mediated phase transformation (SMPT) during dissolution. The SMPT of a salt can occur due to a supersaturated solution near the dissolving surface caused by pH or other solution conditions. In addition to changes in pH, surfactants are also known to affect SMPT. In this study, SMPT of a highly soluble salt, haloperidol mesylate, at pH 7 in the presence of a commonly used surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), was investigated. Dissolution experiments were performed using a flow-through dissolution apparatus with solutions containing various concentrations of SLS. Compacts of haloperidol mesylate were observed during dissolution in the flow-through apparatus using a stereomicroscope. Raman microscopy was used to characterize solids. The dissolution of haloperidol mesylate was significantly influenced by the addition of sodium lauryl sulfate. In conditions where SMPT was expected, the addition of SLS at low concentrations (0.1–0.2 mM) reduced the dissolution of haloperidol mesylate. In solutions containing concentrations of SLS above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) (10–15 mM), the dissolution of haloperidol mesylate increased compared to below the CMC. The solids recovered from solubility experiments of haloperidol mesylate indicated that haloperidol free base precipitated at all concentrations of SLS. Above 5 mM of SLS, Raman microscopy suggested a new form, perhaps the estolate salt. The addition of surfactant in solids that undergo solution-mediated phase transformation can add complexity to the dissolution profiles and conversion.     

Effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine on slow destructive processes in brain cortex slices under anoxic conditions

Slow destructive processes in brain cortex were studied under deep hypoxia (anoxia). Study of the character and dynamics of DNA destruction showed that apoptosis and necrosis run in parallel under the experimental conditions. These processes typically develop in tens of hours. A similar conclusion was reached from electron microscopic study of the tissue ultrastructure. More detailed study revealed that a relatively rare type of apoptosis not involving cytochrome c release from the intermembrane space of mitochondria and not associated with opening of the mitochondrial nonspecific pore occurs under the experimental conditions. As this is occurring, the process can be slowed by high concentrations of glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. The study of DNA destruction demonstrated that high concentrations of glycine selectively slow apoptosis but have almost no effect on necrosis. Glycine also drastically decreases changes in the tissue ultrastructure, particularly of mitochondria, arising under anoxia. Glycine does not notably influence the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. Study of impairment of mitochondrial function demonstrated that the oxidative phosphorylation system is not disturbed for 1 h, which is several times longer than the inhibition time of brain function under deep hypoxia. The mitochondrial respiratory system is preserved for a relatively long time (24 h). Malate oxidase activity is deactivated after 48 h. The succinate oxidase fragment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain proved especially resistant; it retains activity under anoxia for more than 72 h. A possible mechanism of the effect of high glycine concentrations is discussed.     

Structural and functional analysis of the effect of cationic surfactants on Escherichia cells and spheroplasts

The character of the growth of Escherichia culture after treatment with alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (a cation surface-active substance) has been studied. The action of the preparation at bacteriostatic concentrations is reversible and manifested only by the increased duration of the lag phase. The complete restoration of the processes ensuring the growth and mitosis of the cells usually occurs. The preparation causes disturbances in the permeability barrier of the cell membranes, appearing immediately on contact with cation surface-active substances. This compound affects the cytoplasmic membranes of Escherichia cells at extremely low concentrations (0.0001-0.0002%); as a result, the leakage of low-molecular substances from the cells occurs. These disturbances in permeability are not accompanied by the disappearance of nucleic acids from the cells. The preparation used at bactericidal and subbactericidal concentrations denatures high-molecular cell components to a variable degree. The study of the ultrastructure of cells and spheroblasts shows that alkyl dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride destroys the structure of the outer and cytoplasmic membranes, as well as the ribosomal apparatus of Escherichia cells.     

Pterostilbene and 3'-hydroxypterostilbene are effective apoptosis-inducing agents in MDR and BCR-ABL-expressing leukemia cells

Pterostilbene and 3,5-hydroxypterostilbene are the natural 3,5-dimethoxy analogs of trans-resveratrol and piceatannol, two compounds which can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. In previous studies we demonstrated the importance of a 3,5-dimethoxy motif in conferring pro-apoptotic activity to stilbene based compounds so we now wanted to evaluate the ability of pterostilbene and 3,5-hydroxypterostilbene in inducing apoptosis in sensitive and resistant leukemia cells. When tested in sensitive cell lines, HL60 and HUT78, 3'-hydroxypterostilbene was 50-97 times more potent than trans-resveratrol in inducing apoptosis, while pterostilbene appeared barely active. However, both compounds, but not trans-resveratrol and piceatannol, were able to induce apoptosis in the two Fas-ligand resistant lymphoma cell lines, HUT78B1 and HUT78B3, and the multi drug-resistant leukemia cell lines HL60-R and K562-ADR (a Bcr-Abl-expressing cell line resistant to imatinib mesylate). Of note, pterostilbene-induced apoptosis was not inhibited by the pancaspase-inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk, suggesting that this compound acts through a caspase-independent pathway. On the contrary, 3'-hydroxypterostilbene seemed to trigger apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway: indeed, it caused a marked disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential delta psi and its apoptotic effects were inhibited by Z-VAD-fmk and the caspase-9-inhibitor Z-LEHD-fmk. Moreover, pterostilbene and 3'-hydroxypterostilbene, when used at concentrations that elicit significant apoptotic effects in tumor cell lines, did not show any cytotoxicity in normal hemopoietic stem cells. In conclusion, our data show that pterostilbene and particularly 3'-hydroxypterostilbene are interesting antitumor natural compounds that may be useful in the treatment of resistant hematological malignancies, including imatinib, non-responsive neoplasms.     

Design and <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vitro/In Vivo</Emphasis> Evaluation of Ultra-Thin Mucoadhesive Buccal Film Containing Fluticasone Propionate

Fluticasone propionate is a synthetic corticosteroid drug distinguished by its potent anti-inflammatory action with low systemic side effects in comparison to other corticosteroids making it a potential drug for local buccal delivery. The aim of the present study was to design mucoadhesive buccal film containing fluticasone that is aesthetically acceptable and could maintain local drug release for a sustained period to manage the sign and symptoms of severe erosive mouth lesions. Solvent casting technique was used in film preparation. Different polymeric blends were used either alone or in combination with mucoadhesive polymers, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), or Carbopol 971P at different concentrations. The physicochemical properties, in vitro mucoadhesion time as well as the drug release properties for all prepared formulations were determined. Selected formulations with adequate properties were further examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and subjected to in vivo evaluation. Films containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/ethyl cellulose (EC) showed acceptable physicochemical properties, homogenous drug distribution, convenient mucoadhesion time, moderate swelling as well as sustained drug release up to 12 h. The biological performance of these formulations was assessed on healthy human volunteers and compared with a prepared mouthwash which showed enhanced pharmacokinetic parameters for the selected films in comparison to the mouthwash. The results revealed that the optimized formulation containing HPMC/EC and 10% SCMC could successfully achieve sustained drug release for 10 h which is considered promising for local treatment of severe mouth lesions.