毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)中一种抗病毒蛋白y3特性和氨基酸序列分析

食用茵中含有多种抗病毒蛋白,可用于植物保护,利用离子交换层析技术和凝胶层析技术,从食用茵毛头鬼伞中提取到抗植物病毒蛋白y3,实验结果表明,y3是一种糖蛋白,利用Western杂交方法可以在发酵茵丝体和子实体中同时检测到,说明可能是组成型表达,根据其N端氨基酸序列,使用RACE-PCR克隆技术,获得了蛋白的氨基酸序列和部分cDNA序列,浓度为2.0 μg/ml时,蛋白y3对烟草花叶病毒(TMV,20 μg/m1)侵染心叶烟的抑制率为50%,实验同时表明,y3还可抑制病毒在寄主普通烟Nicotirma tabacum Var.k326中的复制.     

Intraspecific variability of the tandem repeats in Nicotiana putrescine N-methyltransferases

The putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) cDNA clone previously isolated from tobacco encodes a spermidine synthase-like protein with an 11 amino acid element repeated four times in tandem at the amino terminus. Genomic Southern blot analyses indicated that this N-terminal repeat array is found in tobacco PMTs but absent in Hyoscyamus and Atropa PMTs. A truncated tobacco PMT in which this repeat array was entirely removed still retained full enzymatic activity when expressed in Escherichia coli. Three PMT genes (NsPMT1, NsPMT2, NsPMT3) isolated from Nicotiana sylvestris encode two, five, and nine tandem repeats, respectively, in the first exon, but otherwise encode highly conserved proteins. Analysis of PCR fragments amplified from the genomes of N. tabacum and its two probable progenitors shows that one of the nine repeat elements in NsPMT3 was precisely deleted in the corresponding N. tabacum gene. These results indicate that direct tandem repeats of a 33 bp sequence that encodes 11 amino acids of no obvious function were added to the ancestral Nicotiana PMT gene, and that the tandem repetition was genetically very unstable, contracting or expanding during evolution of the Nicotiana species.     

Nuclear-encoded chloroplast ribosomal protein L12 of Nicotiana tabacum: characterization of mature protein and isolation and sequence analysis of cDNA clones encoding its cytoplasmic precursor.

Poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from Nicotiana tabacum (cv. Petite Havana) leaves was used to prepare a cDNA library in the expression vector lambda gt11. Recombinant phage containing cDNAs coding for chloroplast ribosomal protein L12 were identified and sequenced. Mature tobacco L12 protein has 44% amino acid identity with ribosomal protein L7/L12 of Escherichia coli. The longest L12 cDNA (733 nucleotides) codes for a 13,823 molecular weight polypeptide with a transit peptide of 53 amino acids and a mature protein of 133 amino acids. The transit peptide and mature protein share 43% and 79% amino acid identity, respectively, with corresponding regions of spinach chloroplast ribosomal protein L12. The predicted amino terminus of the mature protein was confirmed by partial sequence analysis of HPLC-purified tobacco chloroplast ribosomal protein L12. A single L12 mRNA of about 0.8 kb was detected by hybridization of L12 cDNA to poly(A)+ and total leaf RNA. Hybridization patterns of restriction fragments of tobacco genomic DNA probed with the L12 cDNA suggested the existence of more than one gene for ribosomal protein L12. Characterization of a second cDNA with an identical L12 coding sequence but a different 3'-noncoding sequence provided evidence that at least two L12 genes are expressed in tobacco.     

毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)中一种抗病毒蛋白y3特性和氨基酸序列分析

食用菌中含有多种抗病毒蛋白,可用于植物保护．利用离子交换层析技术和凝胶层析技术,从食用菌毛头鬼伞中提取到抗植物病毒蛋白y3．实验结果表明,y3是一种糖蛋白,利用Western杂交方法可以在发酵菌丝体和子实体中同时检测到,说明可能是组成型表达．根据其N端氨基酸序列,使用RACE-PCR克隆技术,获得了蛋白的氨基酸序列和部分cDNA序列．浓度为2.0 μg/ml时,蛋白y3对烟草花叶病毒(TMV, 20 μg/ml)侵染心叶烟的抑制率为50％,实验同时表明,y3还可抑制病毒在寄主普通烟Nicotiana tabacum var. K326中的复制．     

Identification and characterization of cDNA clones encoding hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:tyramine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase from tobacco.

The sequences of three cDNA clones that include the complete coding region of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:tyramine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (THT) from tobacco are reported. The three cDNAs were isolated by antibody screening of a cDNA expression library produced from poly(A)+RNA purified from tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bottom Special), previously infiltrated with an incompatible strain of Ralstonia solanacearum. The identity of these clones was confirmed by the detection of THT activity in extracts of transformed Escherichia coli and by matching the translated polypeptides with tryptic enzyme sequences. cDNA clones tht4 and tht11 differ only by their 5' leader and 3' UTRs and therefore encode the same protein, whereas tht10 and tht11 exhibit 95 and 99% sequence identity at the DNA and deduced amino acid levels, respectively. The three clones encode proteins of 226 amino acids with calculated molecular masses of 26 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequences show no similarity with the sequence of anthranilate hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase from Dianthus caryophyllus, the only enzyme exhibiting hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity to be cloned so far in plants. In contrast, comparison of the THT amino acid sequence with protein sequence databases revealed substantial homology with mammalian diamine acetyltransferases. The THT clones hybridized to a 0.95-kb mRNA from elicited tobacco cell-suspension cultures and also to a mRNA of similar size from wound-healing potato tubers. The messengers for THT were also found to be expressed at relatively high levels in tobacco root tissues. Southern hybridization of tobacco genomic DNA with THT cDNA suggests that several copies of the THT gene occur in the tobacco genome. Inhibition experiments using amino-acid-specific reagents demonstrated that both histidyl and cysteyl residues are required for THT activity. In the course of these experiments THT was also found to be inhibited by (2-hydroxyphenyl) amino sulfinyl acetic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester, an irreversible inhibitor of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.     

Molecular characterization of fatty acid alpha-hydroperoxide-forming enzyme (alpha-oxygenase) in rice plants

Genes encoding an alpha-oxygenase, in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana, have been recently isolated. However, the reaction mechanism of the enzyme has not so far been elucidated. In this study, a cDNA encoding the fatty acid alpha-oxygenase gene in rice plants was isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity (63.6%) to that of N. tabacum. The gene was cloned into an expression vector system, pQE-30, and expressed in Escherichia coli as a host cell. Palmitic acid as a substrate was incubated with the lysate of the cells, and the products were analysed by HPLC. A compound formed predominantly by the recombinant enzyme was shown to be n-pentadecanal. By incubating the mixture at 0 degrees C, 2-hydroperoxypalmitic acid was detected as a primary product and little formation of n-pentadecanal was detected. Furthermore, uptake of molecular oxygen was observed with an oxygen electrode. This indicated that the gene in rice plants encodes the alpha-oxygenase.     

野生种马铃薯PHYA基因cDNA的克隆与表达分析

采用RT-PCR技术从野生种马铃薯（Solanum pinnatisectum Dun）中克隆到1个光敏色素基因PHYA,其cDNA全长为3466bp,含有一个3 372bp的完整开放阅读框,编码一条长1123个氨基酸的蛋白,分子量为125kDa,等电点为5．8-该基因编码的蛋白序列与栽培种马铃薯、番茄和烟草基因编码的氧基酸序列同源性分别为96％、94％和91％。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,PHYA在根、茎和芽中的表达量较高;光对PHYA表达的作用在地上部器官中表现为抑制,而在地下部器官中则促进。     

Cloning and expression of two genes encoding auxin-binding proteins from tobacco

Two genes encoding the auxin-binding protein (ABP1) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), both of which possess the characteristics of a luminal protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), were isolated and sequenced. These genes were composed of at least five exons and four introns. The two coding exons showed 95% sequence homology and coded for two precursor proteins of 187 amino acid residues with molecular masses of 21 256 and 21 453 Da. The deduced amino acid sequences were 93% identical and both possessed an amino-terminal signal peptide, a hydrophilic mature protein region with two potential N-glycosylation sites and a carboxyl-terminal sorting signal, KDEL, for the ER. Restriction mapping of the cDNAs encoding tobacco ABP1, previously purified by amplification of tobacco cDNA libraries by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers common to both genes, indicated that both genes were expressed, although one was expressed at a higher level than the other. Genomic Southern blot hybridization showed no other homologous genes except for these two in the tobacco genome. The apparent molecular mass of the mature form of tobacco ABP1 was revealed to be 25 kDa by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using affinity-purified anti (tobacco ABP1) antibodies raised against a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein. Expression of the recombinant ABP1 gene in transgenic tobacco resulted in accumulation of the 25 kDa protein. A single point mutation of an amino acid residue at either of the two potential N-glycosylation sites resulted in a decrease in the apparent molecular mass and produced a 22 kDa protein. Mutations at both sites resulted in the formation of a 19.3 kDa protein, suggesting that tobacco ABP1 is glycosylated at two asparagine residues.     

Divergent genes for translation initiation factor eIF-4A are coordinately expressed in tobacco.

Three cDNA clones coding for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A, eIF-4A, were isolated from a Nicotiana plumbaginifolia root cDNA library by heterologous screening. The clones comprise two distinct gene classes as two clones are highly similar while the third is divergent. The genes belong to a highly conserved gene family, the DEAD box supergene family, although the divergent clone contains a DESD box rather than the characteristic DEAD box. The two clones are representatives of separate small multigene families in both N. plumbaginifolia and N. tabacum. Representatives of each family are coordinately expressed in all plant organs examined. The 47 kD polypeptide product of one clone, overexpressed in E. coli, crossreacts immunologically with a rabbit reticulocyte eIF-4A polyclonal antibody. Taken together the data suggest that the two Nicotiana eIF-4A genes encode translation initiation factors. The sequence divergence and the coordinate expression of the two Nicotiana eIF-4A families provide an excellent system to determine if functionally distinct eIF-4A polypeptides are required for translation initiation in plants.     

Expression of modified gene encoding functional human α-1-antitrypsin protein in transgenic tomato plants

Transgenic plants offer promising alternative for large scale, sustainable production of safe, functional, recombinant proteins of therapeutic and industrial importance. Here, we report the expression of biologically active human alpha-1-antitrypsin in transgenic tomato plants. The 1,182 bp cDNA sequence of human AAT was strategically designed, modified and synthesized to adopt codon usage pattern of dicot plants, elimination of mRNA destabilizing sequences and modifications around 5' and 3' flanking regions of the gene to achieve high-level regulated expression in dicot plants. The native signal peptide sequence was substituted with modified signal peptide sequence of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pathogenesis related protein PR1a, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) sporamineA and with dicot-preferred native signal peptide sequence of AAT gene. A dicot preferred translation initiation context sequence, 38 bp alfalfa mosaic virus untranslated region were incorporated at 5' while an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (KDEL) was incorporated at 3' end of the gene. The modified gene was synthesized by PCR based method using overlapping oligonucleotides. Tomato plants were genetically engineered by nuclear transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring three different constructs pPAK, pSAK and pNAK having modified AAT gene with different signal peptide sequences under the control of CaMV35S duplicated enhancer promoter. Promising transgenic plants expressing recombinant AAT protein upto 1.55% of total soluble leaf protein has been developed and characterized. Plant-expressed recombinant AAT protein with molecular mass of around approximately 50 kDa was biologically active, showing high specific activity and efficient inhibition of elastase activity. The enzymatic deglycosylation established proper glycosylation of the plant-expressed recombinant AAT protein in contrast to unglycosylated rAAT expressed in E. coli ( approximately 45 kDa). Our results demonstrate feasibility for high-level expression of biologically active, glycosylated human alpha-1-antitrypsin in transgenic tomato plants.     

The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein S18

The amino acid sequence of the rat 40S ribosomal subunit protein S18 was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in a recombinant cDNA. S18 has 152 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 17,707. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests of nuclear DNA suggests that there are 10-13 copies of the S18 gene. The mRNA for the protein is about 600 nucleotides in length. Rat S18 is identical to mouse S18 (also referred to as KE3) and is related to Escherichia coli S13 and to other S13-like ribosomal proteins from Bacillus subtilis, from Bacillus stearothermophilus, and from plant mitochondria (Nicotiana tabacum and Zea mays).     

费尔干猪毛菜病程相关蛋白基因（SfPR-1）的克隆及在盐胁迫下的表达分析

利用抑制消减杂交法从藜科猪毛菜属盐生植物费尔干猪毛菜（Salsola ferganica）中分离得到了一个盐胁迫响应的cDNA片段,结合SMARTTMRACE技术获得了费尔干猪毛菜病程相关蛋白基因的cDNA,命名该基因为SfPR-1（GenBank登录号：JQ670917）。序列分析表明,SfPR-1长817 bp,含有501 bp的阅读框、65 bp的5＇-UTR和251 bp的3＇-UTR,编码166个氨基酸,分子质量为18.01 kD,理论等电点为9.37。通过BLAST同源序列比对分析,结果显示该基因编码的蛋白与已知甜菜、拟南芥、烟草及玉米的病程相关蛋白PR-1同源性分别为73.6%、57.8%、55.5%和53.9%,且具有PR-1家族特有的6个半胱氨酸保守结构域。半定量RT-PCR和实时荧光定量RT-qPCR分析表明,该基因在盐胁迫后表达呈明显上调,初步推测病程相关蛋白基因SfPR-1可能与费尔干猪毛菜的耐盐性相关。     

石蒜儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶基因克隆与原核表达

采用同源克隆与RACE相结合的方法,首次从石蒜叶片中克隆到可能与加兰他敏生物合成相关的儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶基因,命名为LrCOMT。核酸序列分析显示,该cDNA全长1 246bp,开放阅读框1 101bp,编码366氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析与比对发现,LrCOMT编码的氨基酸序列具有COMT蛋白的特征区域,且与鸢尾、玉米、烟草等植物COMT的同源性大于60%。将LrCOMT基因连接到原核表达载体pET-29a上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)的原核表达结果显示,重组蛋白受IPTG诱导表达,分子量大小约为40kD,与已报道的其他植物COMT大小基本一致。     

Impaired expression of the plastidic ferrochelatase by antisense RNA synthesis leads to a necrotic phenotype of transformed tobacco plants

Protoporphyrin IX is the last common intermediate of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. The chelation of a Mg2+ ion by magnesium chelatase and of a ferrous ion by ferrochelatase directs protoporphyrin IX towards the formation of chlorophyll and heme, respectively. A full length cDNA clone encoding a ferrochelatase was identified from a Nicotiana tabacum cDNA library. The encoded protein consists of 497 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 55.4 kDa. In vitro import of the protein into chloroplasts and its location in stroma and thylakoids confirm its close relationship to the previously described Arabidopsis thaliana plastid-located ferrochelatase (FeChII). A 1700-bp tobacco FeCh cDNA sequence was expressed in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in antisense orientation allowing investigation into the consequences of selective reduction of the plastidic ferrochelatase activity for protoporphyrin IX channeling in chloroplasts and for interactions between plastidic and mitochondrial heme synthesis. Leaves of several transformants showed a reduced chlorophyll content and, during development, a light intensity-dependent formation of necrotic leaf lesions. In comparison with wild-type plants the total ferrochelatase activity was decreased in transgenic lines leading to an accumulation of photosensitizing protoporphyrin IX. Ferrochelatase activity was reduced only in plastids but not in mitochondria of transgenic plants. By means of the specifically diminished ferrochelatase activity consequences of the selective inhibition of protoheme formation for the intracellular supply of heme can be investigated in the future.