心电信号特征量的小波提取算法

目的:为了更准确地利用心电图(ECG)进行临床生理疾病诊断,提高心电信号的自动分析准确度.介绍了一种利用小波变换的时频局部化特性以及多分辨率特性对心电信号进行处理的算法.方法:使用定位准确.计算简便的二阶微分Mart小波使用多孔算法来对ECG中QRS波群进行标定.结果:将算法应用到MIT/BIH国际标准心电数据库进行仿真.结论:通过仿真证明,该算法能够很精确地定位QRS波群,为心电信号的后续研究打好基础.     

基于小波变换的心电信号去噪算法

目的:去除在心电信号采集过程中混入的肌电干扰、工频干扰、基线漂移等噪声信号,避免噪声对心电信号特征点的识别和提取造成误判和漏判。方法:首先利用coif4小波对心电信号按Mallat算法进行分解,然后采用软、硬阈值折衷与小波重构的算法进行去噪。结果:采用MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database中的心电信号进行仿真、验证,有效去除了三种常见的噪声信号。结论:本方法实时性好,为临床分析与诊断奠定了基础。     

基于MSP430的植入式脑起搏器的研制

介绍了一种微型化的植入式脑起搏器;以MSP430单片机为核心处理器,充分利用高性能的外围芯片,例如nRF905、TPS76030、MG-12232等,并结合单片机内部资源;从而使该系统具有精度高、性能好、体积小和功耗低等特点,满足了帕金森病患者的需求。     

一种基于小波变换的心电去噪算法

目的:去除心电信号采集过程中混入的工频干扰、肌电干扰和基线漂移等噪声信号,并能有效的保留心电特征信息.方法:通过小波变换将含噪的心电信号分解并重构得到不同尺度下的细节信号,在中小尺度上选取不同的门限值,并在QRS波群信息多的尺度上计算获得信息窗,对该尺度的信息窗内外采用不同的门限处理方式,在大尺度上直接重构出要去除的基线信息.结果:采用MIT/BIH Arrhythmia Database中的数据对算法进行了仿真验证,实现了三种主要干扰的去除,较好的保留了心电特征信息.结论:本方法效果较好,为后续的特征点识别奠定了基础.     

筒鞘蛇菰提取物蛇菰多糖对D-半乳糖诱导大鼠肝损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的:探讨筒鞘蛇菰提取物蛇菰多糖(BIH)对D-半乳糖(D-gal)致大鼠肝损伤的保护作用及机制.方法:雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为正常组(Con)、模型组(D-gal)、蛇菰多糖低剂量组(D-gal+50 mg/kg BIH,BIH-L)、蛇菰多糖中剂量组(D-gal+100 mg/kg BIH,BIH-M)、蛇菰多...     

基于小波变换的混合二维ECG数据压缩方法

提出了一种新的基于小波变换的混合二维心电(electrocardiogram,ECG)数据压缩方法。基于ECG数据的两种相关性,该方法首先将一维ECG信号转化为二维信号序列。然后对二维序列进行了小波变换,并利用改进的编码方法对变换后的系数进行了压缩编码:即先根据不同系数子带的各自特点和系数子带之间的相似性,改进了等级树集合分裂(setpartitioninghierarchicaltrees,SPIHT)算法和矢量量化(vectorquantization,VQ)算法;再利用改进后的SPIHT与VQ相混合的算法对小波变换后的系数进行了编码。利用所提算法与已有具有代表性的基于小波变换的压缩算法和其他二维ECG信号的压缩算法,对MIT/BIH数据库中的心律不齐数据进行了对比压缩实验。结果表明:所提算法适用于各种波形特征的ECG信号,并且在保证压缩质量的前提下,可以获得较大的压缩比。     

一种稳定的心肌细胞电位与心肌收缩力的同时记录方法

同时记录心肌细胞动作电位与收缩力能较全面地分析神经递质、药物或病理因素(如缺氧、心律失常等)对心肌功能的影响。目前国内学者多采用标准微电极在豚鼠离体心脏乳头肌标本上同时记录心肌细胞电与机械活动,在需要较长时间观察递质、药物等因素的作用,或是在观察药物的多个剂量效应时,微电     

一种动物实验监控系统的设计

本文主要设计动物生命体征参数（体温、呼吸率和脉搏率）的监控系统。硬件电路采用MSP430F5438芯片作为微控制器,体温、呼吸和脉搏生理参数的信号采集使用了相应的信号调理电路和处理电路,主要由电信号转换电路、放大滤波电路、AD转换电路、脉冲转换电路、LCD显示电路、加热垫和蜂鸣器驱动电路等组成。     

飞行活动脑电图的特点

脑电图作为观察人脑的功能状态,仍不失为一种无损伤、客观、连续的研究方法。研究记录飞行活动脑电图不同于在实验室内,常因人—机—环境、仪器、技术方法等因素影响,不易得到可供分析的脑电图材料。因此,目前国内外报道都不多。为了解飞行活动瞬时变化的脑功能,我们记录、分析了飞行活动的脑电图。     

基于小波的心电信号有效性检测方法

目的：检测采集到的信号是否为有效心电信号,提高后续心电诊断和分析的准确率。方法：将采集到的信号进行预处理,即去噪处理,主要抑制基线漂移,50Hz工频及其谐波干扰和肌电干扰;取滑动窗长度为4s,检测该段内信号是否有效。为了验证算法的准确率及对不同心电波形是否具有普遍适用性,对MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database中48个记录,CU及MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database中部分记录进行了仿真、验证。结果：仿真实验证明该方法能正确区分有效和无效信号,错检率较低,实现简单,适合实时处理。结论：本方法准确率高,能减少后续心电诊断和分析的计算量并提高准确率,特别是对室颤检测,符合心电分析的要求。     

基于小波变换的心电信号去噪综合算法

目的：研究去除心电信号中的基线漂移、工频干扰和肌电干扰等噪声,提高心电信号的自动识别和诊断精度。方法：利用Coif4小波对心电信号进行8尺度分解,采用小波分解重构法去除基线漂移,然后利用改进的小波闽值算法去除工频干扰和肌电干扰。结果：利用Matlab仿真工具,选择MIT-BIH心率失常数据库中信号进行验证,能有效去除这三种噪声,并且很好的保持R波的信息。结论：本算法在不丢失心电信号有用信息的前提下,可以较好的去除三种常见的噪声,可以用于心电信号自动分析之前的预处理。     

Role of Na+/K+ exchange and organic acids in base induced hyperpolarization of renal proximal amphibian tubule.

Fast peritubular alkaline perturbations in Necturus renal proximal tubule evoke hyperpolarizations of the basolateral membrane. These voltage changes are partly due to an increase in basolateral K(+)-permeability. Additional role of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and organic acids in generating these base induced hyperpolarizations (BIH) can be deduced from the reduction in BIH during low K+, high amiloride or omission of organic acids.     

利用Poincare 散点图法检测t 波交替的指标研究

目的:利用Poincare散点图进行t波交替检测,不仅从形态上找到检测标准,进一步研究散点中有效的定量指标。方法:以European ST-T Database标准心电数据库和MIT-BIH心律失常数据库的心电信号作为检测对象,以128个连续心拍的t波中的7个点为检测数据,相邻心拍t波差分后组成新序列,并由差分序列作出散点图,观察散点形态。根据形态区别和t波交替的幅值变化特点,利用个散点到x+y=0直线的距离均值作为定量检测指标D0,为避免不同心电信号幅值影响,D0除以RQ峰值差为最终指标D,找出合适阈值判定是否存在t波交替,并与谱分析法的检测结果比较分析。结果:①从Poincare散点图形态上,存在t波交替的散点图与正常t波存在明显区别,存在t波交替则散点集中在以x+y=0为轴线的附近,形成类似椭圆的狭长形状;而正常t波形成的散点会以原点为中心均匀分布,散点形态为圆形。②由t波交替的特点和散点图形态可知,定量检测指标D越小,就越有可能存在t波交替。经过大量仿真测试和谱分析法的比较,规定检测标准为,当D<=35uv时,存在t波交替;指标D与谱分析法的结论相吻合,并且两种方法的判定结果由kappa一致性检验,一致性程度好,进一步说明D指标具有优越的敏感性,是t波交替检测的有效指标。结论:Poincare散点图的散点分布形态和散点到x+y=0轴线的距离均值分别是是t波交替有效的定性和定量检测指标。     

A wavelet optimization approach for ECG signal classification

Wavelets have proved particularly effective for extracting discriminative features in ECG signal classification. In this paper, we show that wavelet performances in terms of classification accuracy can be pushed further by customizing them for the considered classification task. A novel approach for generating the wavelet that best represents the ECG beats in terms of discrimination capability is proposed. It makes use of the polyphase representation of the wavelet filter bank and formulates the design problem within a particle swarm optimization (PSO) framework. Experimental results conducted on the benchmark MIT/BIH arrhythmia database with the state-of-the-art support vector machine (SVM) classifier confirm the superiority in terms of classification accuracy and stability of the proposed method over standard wavelets (i.e., Daubechies and Symlet wavelets).     

An Improved Method with High Anti-interference Ability for R Peak Detection in Wearable Devices

The rapid development of the wearable electrocardiogram monitoring equipment increases the requirements for R peak detection in wearable devices. An improved method called ISC algorithm is proposed with high anti-interference ability for R peak detection in wearable devices based on a simple basic algorithm called SC algorithm. The proposed method is characterized by using the updated amplitude selection threshold, updated slope comparison threshold and RR interval judgement to reduce false positives and false negatives. For data from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, the positive predictivity P+ of ISC algorithm can reach 99.12%, and the sensitivity Se of ISC algorithm is more than 95%. For MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database, the accuracy of ISC algorithm for both sensitivity Se and positive predictivity P+ can exceed 94% under three common noise, baseline wander, muscle artifact, and electrode motion artifact, where the positive predictivity P+ of ISC algorithm is 44.46% higher than that of SC algorithm on average. For wearable devices in exercise, even under the exercise intensity of 7 km per hour, the average positive predictivity P+ of ISC algorithm is 99.32%, which is 60.93% higher than that of SC algorithm. The high anti-interference ability shows that ISC algorithm is suitable for R peak detection in wearable devices.     

An R-peak detection method based on peaks of Shannon energy envelope

In a real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system, to detect the R-peak in each beat with low delay, high accuracy and high speed is an important and fundamental task. Aiming at satisfying these requirements, a novel R-peak detection algorithm based on Shannon energy envelope (PSEE) is introduced. It extracts Shannon energy envelope (SEE) from ECG firstly, then finds out the R-peaks after SEE by three new introduced sub-processes: peak detection, false-R detection and false-noise detection. Owing to these sub-processes, the whole schema can deal with long pause or asystole case, and avoid segmenting ECG. Moreover, by splitting the calculation into every sampling time slot, the delay is guaranteed. The new method has been evaluated with all records in MIT–BIH with 99.83% detection rate of R-peaks and about 1.77 μs computation time for each sample and with 251 records in Chinese Cardiovascular Disease Database with total accuracy 99.78%. Therefore, it not only satisfies real-time requirements but also improves the detection accuracy rate.     

Choice of therapy and mode of delivery in idiopathic intracranial hypertension during pregnancy

Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) or idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology that is most often seen in obese women of reproductive age (19.3/100,000) and is reported only occasionally during pregnancy. Both pregnancy and exogenous estrogens are thought to promote IIH or worsen it. It can occur in any trimester during pregnancy, and the visual outcome is the same as for nonpregnant patients with IIH. There is no increase in fetal wastage; therapeutic abortion to limit its progression is not indicated, and subsequent pregnancies do not increase the risk of recurrence. Most therapies used during the nonpregnant state can also be used during pregnancy. The aim of treatment is to preserve vision and improve symptoms. Treatments include analgesics, diuretics, steroids, and serial lumbar punctures. When medical therapy fails, surgical procedures need to be considered. Although this condition has been reviewed often, the issue of mode of delivery, especially when papilledema has not resolved, is unclear. We report on 3 women with IIH during pregnancy and review the choice of therapy and mode of delivery.     

Recovery from blood alkalosis in the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii): involvement of gill V-H+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase

To investigate the base secretory mechanisms in the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii), we injected animals with NaHCO3 into the subcutaneous sinus. In the first series of experiments, hagfish were injected with 6000 micromol kg(-1) NaHCO3 (base-infused hagfish, BIH) or NaCl (controls). Blood pH increased significantly 1 h after injection in BIH (8.05+/-0.05 vs. 7.82+/-0.03 pH units), but returned to control values by t=6 h. Plasma total CO2 (TCO2) followed the same pattern. Immunolabeled sections revealed that Na+/K+-ATPase and V-H+-ATPase were usually located in the same cells. Western blotting revealed that the abundance of both proteins remained unchanged in whole gill homogenates and in a fraction enriched in cell membranes 6 h after the injections. The second experimental series was to induce long-term alkalosis by serially injecting 6000 micromol kg(-1) NaHCO3 every 6 h for 24 h. Blood pH completely recovered from the base loads within 6 h after each injection. Moreover, plasma TCO2 was not elevated 3 h after the second infusion, suggesting that HCO3(-) secreting mechanisms had been upregulated by that time. Na+/K+-ATPase and V-H+-ATPase cellular localizations did not change in the 24 h base infusion protocol. Na+/K+-ATPase abundance was similar in gill homogenates from fish from both treatments. However, Na+/K+-ATPase abundance in the membrane fraction was significantly lower in BIH, while V-H+-ATPase was greater both in whole gill and membrane fractions. Our results suggest that differential insertion of V-H+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase into the basolateral membrane is involved in recovering from alkalotic stress in hagfish.