国人胫骨的测量及其性别差别分析

为积累国人资料,本文对长春、通辽两地出土的１２７副胫骨（男７１,女５６）进行了胎骨大长、胎骨全长等２６项指标的测量,计算出胫骨中部断面指数和胎骨指数等４项指数及其分型,进行了侧别、性别及地区比较,并用胫骨最大长等７项因素进行了Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ法性别判别分析,得出５个判别式。结果显示：除个别测量项外均无显著性侧别差异,但均具有显著性性别差异,部分项目存在显著性地区差异;判别分析中判别正确率,介于美国白人     

下肢长骨骨重的非对称性

本文测量82副中国成年下股长骨即股骨,胫骨和腓骨的重量,在两侧骨重相差>1％时,则股骨、胫骨和腓骨及其三骨总重均以非对称性为多,均具有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。除腓骨重具有明显侧别差异外,其余无显著性侧别差异,对腓骨侧差解释为:①腓骨主要机能是肌的附着,而下肢对踢和足趾取物具有明显的侧别差异;②以两侧骨重相差>1％时为非对称性的标准,由于腓骨绝对重量较小,在两侧相差<0.5克时即多属非对称性。     

胫骨判定性别的逐步判别分析

西安地区现代成人男女各50例的胫骨,进行12项测量,用逐步判别分析的方法进行研究。其结果:仅用下段宽判定性别,准确性达71％;而用下段宽,下段矢径和滋养孔平面最大矢径判定性别,准确性可达77％。并将该结果与美国白人和黑人的有关资料进行了对比。     

太行山猕猴掌骨和踽骨长度的性别判别

研究太行山猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度的性别差异.对24例掌骨和26例蹠骨的长度变量进行测量,用SPSS13.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析和多变量判别分析.结果表明:掌骨和踱骨的长度变量在性别之间有极显著性差异(P<0.00).各掌骨和各踱骨的长度顺序在侧别之间和性别之间有一定差异,但是尚未达到统计学意义(P>0.05).用全模型法和逐步判别法根据长度变量分别建立性别判别函数,其性别正确判别率掌骨分别为91.7%和93.8%,而蹠骨的性别判别率为84.6%.表明猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度性别之间存在明显性差.使用掌骨和踱骨长度变量进行性别鉴定有一定理论价值和应用价值.     

太行山猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度的性别判别

研究太行山猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度的性别差异。对24例掌骨和26例蹠骨的长度变量进行测量, 用SPSS13.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析和多变量判别分析。结果表明: 掌骨和蹠骨的长度变量在性别之间有极显著性差异(P＜0.00)。各掌骨和各骨的长度顺序在侧别之间和性别之间有一定差异, 但是尚未达到统计学意义( P> 0.05) 。用全模型法和逐步判别法根据长度变量分别建立性别判别函数, 其性别正确判别率掌骨分别为91.7%和93.8%, 而蹠骨的性别判别率为84.6%。表明猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度性别之间存在明显性差。使用掌骨和蹠骨长度变量进行性别鉴定有一定理论价值和应用价值。     

国人距骨的测量及其性别判别分析

距骨在传导体重和运动中起承上启下的重要作用,然而对距骨的研究尚嫌不足。纵观国内外文献,国内仅有对成年距骨长、宽和高的测量(任光金,1983)和对3—17岁X线片距骨长和宽的测量(张福金,1984)。对该骨的性别判别分析检索国内外资料,竟是空白。为此,为积累国人资料和探讨距骨的性别判别分析,特进行此研究。1　材料和方法本文所用材料为青岛医学院人类学研究室专供科研用的东北出土成套的成年距骨94副(男51,女43)。按人类学测量方法(吴汝康等,1984;贾兰坡,1954;邵象清,1985),对距骨进行了8项测量,即最大长(X1)、最大宽(X2)、最大高(X3)、距…     

侧位X片上颅内面积的研究—其逐步回归方程式与评价

本文对１８－７６岁正常成人１０４人（男６７,女３７）的Ｘ线颅侧位片进行了颅最大长（Ｘ１）、颅高（Ｘ２）、颅底长（Ｘ３）、鼻根点－枕外隆凸点长（Ｘ４）、耳上颅高（Ｘ５）、颅矢状弧（Ｘ６）和侧位片上颅腔面积（Ｙ）的测量,用电子计算机对数据进行了逐步回归分析处理,筛选出推算颅腔侧面积的最佳因子Ｘ１、Ｘ２和Ｘ４。它们之间呈正相关关系,其复相关系数Ｒ＝０．６２,Ｐ〈〈０．０００５,相关系数有高度显著性。故建     

中国汉城成人髌骨性别判别初步研究

对２５６副是国汉族成人左右侧髌骨分别观测。显示各项指标测量值的平均值都是男性大于女性,并具有显著性差异,各指标以髌骨体积判别性别效果最好,单项判别率达９４％以上,运用Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ线性两类判别分析,逐步判别分析方法得出多项指标判别性别的公式,判别率最高达９６．１％,本研究还设计了髌骨体积及髌骨内外关节面高指标的测量方法,本研究为髌骨性别判别提供了简单,实用,科学,判别率较高的新方法。     

西安地区现代人胫骨的人类学研究

本文对西安地区现代成人胫骨100副(男50,女50)进行了人类学的研究。按马丁方法测量了胫骨全长、髁踝长,上下段宽,上内侧和上外侧关节面的矢径,下段矢径,滋养孔平面最大横径和矢径,体最小周径和胫骨扭转角。计算出胫骨指数,长厚指数和胫股指数。并对一些数据进行了种族和地区的对比。     

麦类作物多胚的研究：Ⅲ.高原602双胚苗的细胞学类型

对高原６０２双胚苗的细胞学进行了研究,有３种类型：２ｎ－２ｎ、２ｎ－３ｎ和２ｎ－ｎ,出现频率分别０．１６％、０．０２％和０．０２％,在２ｎ－２ｎ型里,发现了形态上的差异,即２ｎ（顶芒）－２ｎ（长芒）。对单倍体育种和三倍体的起源进行了讨论。     

Mechanical validation of whole bone composite tibia models

Composite synthetic models of the human tibia have recently become commercially available as substitutes for cadaveric specimens. Their use is justified by the advantages they offer as a substitute for real tibias. The present investigation concentrated on an extensive experimental validation of the mechanical behaviour of the whole bone composite model, compared to human specimens for different loading conditions. The stiffness of the tibias was measured with a torsional load applied along the long axis, and with a bending load applied both in the latero-medial and in the antero-posterior direction. The bending stiffness of the composite tibias matched well with that of the cadaveric specimens. This was not true for the torsional stiffness. In fact, the composite tibias were much stiffer than the cadaveric specimens, possibly due to the structure of the reinforcement material. The inter-specimen variability for the composite tibias was much lower than that for the cadaveric specimens. Thus, it seems that the composite tibias are suitable to replace cadaveric specimens for certain types of test, whereas they might be unsuitable for others, depending on the loading regimen.     

Structural properties of fourth-generation composite femurs and tibias

The purpose of this study was to measure the structural properties of the latest design (fourth-generation) of composite femurs and tibias from Pacific Research Laboratories, Inc. Fourth-generation composite bones have the same geometries as the third-generation bones, but the cortical bone analogue material was changed to one with increased fracture and fatigue resistance, tensile and compressive properties, thermal stability, and moisture resistance. The stiffnesses of the femurs and tibias were tested under bending, axial, and torsional loading, and the longitudinal strain distribution along the proximal-medial diaphysis of the femur was also determined. The fourth-generation composite bones had average stiffnesses and strains that were for the most part closer to corresponding values measured for natural bones, than was the case for third-generation composite bones; all measurements were taken by the same investigator in separate studies using identical methodology. For the stiffness tests, variability between the specimens was less than 10% for all cases, and setup variability was less than 6%.     

河南新乡地区儿童头面部测量

本文对河南省新乡地区汉族儿童（４－１３岁）头面部进行了测量,比较和分析了儿童体质发育与年龄增长的关系,据儿童头面部各指数数值大小分型,确定该地区汉族儿童面部的形态为：圆头型、高头型、狭头型、狭面型、狭鼻型。     

Development and experimental validation of a finite element model of total ankle replacement

Total ankle replacement remains a less satisfactory solution compared to other joint replacements. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a finite element model of total ankle replacement, for future testing of hypotheses related to clinical issues. To validate the finite element model, an experimental setup was specifically developed and applied on 8 cadaveric tibias. A non-cemented press fit tibial component of a mobile bearing prosthesis was inserted into the tibias. Two extreme anterior and posterior positions of the mobile bearing insert were considered, as well as a centered one. An axial force of 2 kN was applied for each insert position. Strains were measured on the bone surface using digital image correlation. Tibias were CT scanned before implantation, after implantation, and after mechanical tests and removal of the prosthesis. The finite element model replicated the experimental setup. The first CT was used to build the geometry and evaluate the mechanical properties of the tibias. The second CT was used to set the implant position. The third CT was used to assess the bone-implant interface conditions. The coefficient of determination (R-squared) between the measured and predicted strains was 0.91. Predicted bone strains were maximal around the implant keel, especially at the anterior and posterior ends. The finite element model presented here is validated for future tests using more physiological loading conditions.     

延吉市朝鲜族汉族儿童体格发育及遗传因素的研究

调查了１５０６名朝鲜族,汉族４－７岁儿童体格发育情况。朝鲜族儿童平均身高和坐高皆低于汉族儿童相同年龄组,而平均体重却高于汉族同龄组;在头围、胸围指标中汉族男、女儿童４－５岁之间大于朝鲜族同龄组,但自５岁以后朝鲜族超过治疗组,可以看出,朝鲜族儿童体格为相对矮壮,而汉族儿童相对瘦高。又对朝、汉族儿童身同父母平均身高进行单变量相关分析显示出显著意义相关。延吉市朝、汉族儿童各项指标低于９１８５年全国九市效     

Effect of Additional Boron on Tibias of African Ostrich Chicks

The aim of the present study was to find out the effects of boron on ostrich chicks fed with 0?mg/l, 100?mg/l, 200?mg/l, and 400?mg/l of additional boron in water. We measured bone mineral density (BMD), perimeter, length, weight, ash content of ostrich tibias, thickness of cortical bone, and diameter of the marrow cavity. We also analyzed the apoptosis status of paraffin sections using a TUNEL kit and examined serum levels of leptin and estradiol (E(2)). The results were dramatic. Compared with the control group, group C had a very high BMD. The serum levels of leptin in groups C and D were significantly higher than control values, and the levels of E(2) fluctuated. The perimeter, length, weight, and ash content of ostrich tibias all increased significantly with increasing dosage of boron. The cross-section analysis revealed that the bone marrow cavity shifted closer to one side in group D, which was observed on a macro-scale. This shift may be related to the toxicity of excessive boron, as indicated by the apoptosis status. According to the present data, additional boron was helpful for ostrich chick bone development, and 200?mg/l supplement boron in the drinking water appeared to be the most beneficial.     

The tensile strength of black bear (Ursus americanus) cortical bone is not compromised with aging despite annual periods of hibernation

Black bears (Ursus americanus) may not develop disuse osteoporosis during long periods of disuse (i.e. hibernation) because they may be able to maintain bone formation. Previously, we found that cortical bone bending strength was not compromised with age in black bears' tibias, despite annual periods of disuse. Here we showed that cortical bone tensile strength (166-198MPa) also does not decrease with age (2-14 years) in black bear tibias. There were also no significant age-related changes in cortical bone porosity in black bear tibias. It is likely that the ability of black bears to maintain bone formation during hibernation keeps bone porosity low (2.3-8.6%) with aging, notwithstanding annual periods of disuse. This low porosity likely preserves ultimate stress with aging. Female bears give birth and nurse during hibernation; however, we found no significant differences between male and female tensile material properties, mineral content, or porosity. Our findings support the idea that black bears, which hibernate 5-7 months annually, have evolved biological mechanisms to mitigate the adverse effects of disuse on bone porosity and strength.     

达斡尔族成人的体格,体型及半个多世纪来的变化

对内蒙古自治区莫力达瓦族３５３名（男１８７,女１６６）２０－６０岁达斡尔族进行了活体观察与测量,总结了达斡尔族的体格特征和类型。并在城乡之间和与半个世纪以前同一地区达斡尔族的体质资料之间进行了比较。     

Strength and robusticity of the Neandertal tibia

Three Neandertal tibias are naturally broken at or near midshaft allowing calculation of geometrical and mechanical parameters. Comparisons are made with a sample of 15 modern human tibias using identical methods. Relative torsional and bending strengths of the Neandertal specimens were twice those of the comparative sample. Basic morphometrics of the Neandertal tibia are also included.     

Strain shielding in proximal tibia of stemmed knee prosthesis: experimental study

Theoretical concerns about the use of cemented or press-fit stems in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include stress shielding with adverse effects on prosthesis fixation. Revision TKA components are commonly stemmed to protect the limited autogenous bone stock remaining. Revision procedures with the use of stems can place abnormal stresses through even normal bone by their constrained design, type of materials and fixation method and may contribute for bone loss. Experimental quantification of strain shielding in the proximal synthetic tibia following TKA is the main purpose of the present study. In this study, cortical bone strains were measured experimentally with tri-axial strain gauges in synthetic tibias before and after in vitro knee surgery. Three tibias were implanted with cemented and press-fit stem augments and solely with a tibial tray (short monobloc stem) of the P.F.C. Sigma Modular Knee System. The difference between principal strains of the implanted and the intact tibia was calculated for each strain gauge position. The results demonstrated a pronounced strain-shielding effect in the proximal level, close to tibial tray with the cemented stem augment. The press-fit stem presented a minor effect of strain shielding but was more extensively throughout the stem. An increase of strains closely to the distal tip of the cemented and the press-fit stem augment was observed. This suggests for a physiological condition, a potential effect of bone resorption at the proximal region for the cemented stem augment. The localized increase of strains in stems tip can be related with the clinical finding of the pain, at the end of stem after revision TKA.