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1.
Hemberger M Kurz H Orth A Otto S Lüttges A Elliott R Nagy A Tan SS Tam P Zechner U Fundele RH 《Genetics》2001,157(1):341-348
It has been shown previously that abnormal placental growth, i.e., hyper- and hypoplasia, occurs in crosses and backcrosses between different mouse (Mus) species. A locus that contributes to this abnormal development has been mapped to the X chromosome. Unexpectedly, an influence of fetal sex on placental development has been observed, in that placentas attached to male fetuses tended to exhibit a more pronounced phenotype than placentas attached to females. Here, we have analyzed this sex dependence in more detail. Our results show that differences between male and female placental weights are characteristic of interspecific matings and are not observed in intraspecific Mus musculus matings. The effect is retained in congenic lines that contain differing lengths of M. spretus-derived X chromosome. Expression of the X-linked gene Pgk1 from the maternal allele only and lack of overall activity of two paternally inherited X-linked transgenes indicate that reactivation or lack of inactivation of the paternal X chromosome in trophoblasts of interspecific hybrids is not a frequent occurrence. Thus, the difference between male and female placentas seems not to be caused by faulty preferential X-inactivation. Therefore, these data suggest that the sex difference of placental weights in interspecific hybrids is caused by interactions with the Y chromosome. 相似文献
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3.
Hybrid sterility is a common postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanism that appears in the early stages of speciation of various organisms. Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus represent two recently separated mouse subspecies particularly suitable for genetic studies of hybrid sterility. Here we show that the introgression of Chr X of M. m. musculus origin (PWD/Ph inbred strain, henceforth PWD) into the genetic background of the C57BL/6J (henceforth B6) inbred strain (predominantly of M. m. domesticus origin) causes male sterility. The X-linked hybrid sterility is associated with reduced testes weight, lower sperm count, and morphological abnormalities of sperm heads. The analysis of recombinant Chr Xs in sterile and fertile males as well as quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of several fertility parameters revealed an oligogenic nature of the X-linked hybrid sterility. The Hstx1 locus responsible for male sterility was mapped near DXMit119 in the central part of Chr X. To ensure full sterility, the PWD allele of Hstx1 has to be supported with the PWD allelic form of loci in at least one proximal and/or one distal region of Chr X. Mapping and cloning of Hstx1 and other genes responsible for sterility of B6–XPWDYB6 males could help to elucidate the special role of Chr X in hybrid sterility and consequently in speciation. 相似文献
4.
The sequencing of the human and the mouse genomes has shown that the chromosomes of these two species contain approximately 30,000 genes. The biological systems that can be studied in an individual or in a tissue result from complex interactions within this multitude of genes. Before describing these interactions, it is necessary to understand the function of each gene. In the mouse, congenic strains are developed to introduce a chromosomal segment in a given inbred genetic background. One can then compare the biological effects of different alleles at the same locus in the same genetic background or the effect of a given allele in different genetic backgrounds. One can also introduce into different congenic strains with the same genetic background genes which control a complex genetic trait, then combine these genes by appropriate crosses to study their interactions. Although the chromosomal segment transferred into a congenic strain usually contains up to several hundreds of genes, molecular markers can be used to reduce this number as well as the number of crosses required for the development of congenic strains. 相似文献
5.
Significant differences in relative weight of the levator ani muscle (LAW) between inbred and congenic mouse strains, differing genetically only by the major histocompatibility H-2 complex were found. It is assumed that a genetic factor (Hom-1), identical or closely associated wi th the H-2 complex, is one of the genes which influence LAW. These experiments suggest that for assay methods for myotropic activity of androgens groups of animals may be used with a homogenous genotype. 相似文献
6.
目的了解性发育相关数量性状基因座(quantitative trait locus,QTL)(DXMit68-rs29053133)在近交系小鼠A/J和C3H/HeJ(C3H)中是否存在影响表型的序列差异,以帮助对候选基因进行筛选。方法利用A/J和C3H构建了针对该区段的特异区段替换系小鼠,并对其雌鼠的性发育相关性状进行研究。结果 A/J和C3H在这一QTL中染色体的序列差异,没有引起相关性状的明显差异。结论研究结果显示,A/J和C3H小鼠中该QTL区段中存在序列差异的基因并不是引起性发育表型产生差异的候选基因。 相似文献
7.
Genetic composition of the recombinant congenic strains 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
For the study of biological phenomena influenced by multiple genes in mice, the Recombinant Congenic Strains (RCS) have been
developed. An RCS series comprises approximately 20 homozygous strains, each of which contains on average 87.5% genes of a
common background strain and 12.5% of a common donor strain. In an RCS series, non-linked genes involved in the control of
a multigenic trait become distributed into different recombinant congenic strains. In this way a multigenic trait is transformed
into a series of single gene traits in which each gene can be studied individually. For the ability to use the strength of
the recombinant congenic strains system to its full extent, a thorough genetic characterization is indispensable. We have
typed the CcS/Dem and OcB/Dem series for 611 and 550 markers, respectively. This results in a genetic characterization sufficient
to detect most donor strain genes. In addition, we report the genetic characterization of the HcB/Dem and HcB(N4)/Dem series.
Strains of the latter series contain on average 6.25% of the donor strain genome. Both series have been typed for 130 markers.
All the typing data have been deposited in the Mouse Genome Database at The Jackson Laboratory.
Received: 11 July 1995 / Accepted: 18 August 1995 相似文献
8.
Previous quantitative trait locus mapping (QTL) identified multigenic obesity (MOB) loci on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 2 that influence the interrelated phenotypes of obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. To better localize and characterize the MOB locus, three congenic mouse strains were created. Overlapping genomic intervals from the lean CAST/Ei (CAST) strain were introgressed onto an obesity-susceptible C57BL/6 (BL6) background to create proximal (15 Mb–73 Mb), middle (63 Mb–165 Mb), and distal (83 Mb–182 Mb) congenic strains. The congenic strains showed differences in obesity, insulin, and lipid traits consistent with the original QTL analysis for the locus. Importantly, characterization of the MOB congenics localized the effects of genes that underlie obesity-related traits to an introgressed interval (73–83 Mb) unique to the middle MOB congenic. Conversely, significant differences between the lipid and insulin profiles of the middle and distal MOB congenics implicated the presence of at least two genes that underlie these traits. When fed an atherogenic diet, several traits associated with metabolic syndrome were observed in the distal MOB congenic, while alterations in plasma lipoproteins were observed in the middle MOB congenic strain. 相似文献
9.
Macholán M Munclinger P Sugerková M Dufková P Bímová B Bozíková E Zima J Piálek J 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2007,61(4):746-771
In this paper, we present results of the first comprehensive study of the introgression of both autosomal and sex-chromosome markers across the central European portion of the hybrid zone between two house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus. More than 1800 individuals sampled from 105 sites were analyzed with a set of allozyme loci (hopefully representing neutral or nearly neutral markers) and X-linked loci (which are assumed to be under selection). The zone center is best modeled as a single straight line independent of fine-scale local geographic or climatic conditions, being maintained by a balance between dispersal and selection against hybrids. The width (w) of the multilocus autosomal cline was estimated as 9.6 km whereas the estimate for the compound X-chromosome cline was about 4.6 km only. As the former estimate is comparable to that of the Danish portion of the zone (assumed to be much younger than the central European one), zone width does not appear to be related to its age. The strength (B) of the central barrier was estimated as about 20 km; with dispersal (sigma) of about 1 km/gen(1/2), this means effective selection (s*) is approximately 0.06-0.09 for autosomal loci and about 0.25 for X-linked loci. The number of loci under selection was estimated as N= 56-99 for autosomes and about 380 for X-linked loci. Finally, we highlight some potential pitfalls in hybrid zone analyses and in comparisons of different transects. We suggest that conclusions about parts of the mouse genome involved in reproductive isolation and speciation should be drawn with caution and that analytical approaches always providing some estimates should not be used without due care regarding the support or confidence of such estimates, especially if conclusions are based on the difference between these estimates. Finally, we recommend that analysis in two-dimensional space, dense sampling, and rigorous treatment of data, including inspection of likelihood profiles, are essential for hybrid zone studies. 相似文献
10.
Václav Zídek Alena Musilová Jan Pintíř Miroslava Šimáková Michal Pravenec 《Mammalian genome》1998,9(7):503-505
Testicular weights were studied in the mouse BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains. These strains were derived from DBA/2J
and C57BL/6J progenitors that differ significantly in their testicular weights (0.224 g ± 0.015 vs. 0.161 g ± 0.03, P < 0.0001).
The heritability of testicular weights was calculated to be 0.53, and the minimum number of responsible effective factors
was estimated to be 5.7. The total genome scanning of the BXD RI strains with over 1000 markers revealed a quantitative trait
locus (QTL) on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 13 near the D13Mit3 marker (LOD score 6.9). This QTL region was designated Twq1 and associated with over 75% of genetic variability.
Received: 23 January 1998 / Accepted: 16 March 1998 相似文献
11.
M. A. Yui K. Muralidharan B. Moreno-Altamirano G. Perrin K. Chestnut E. K. Wakeland 《Mammalian genome》1996,7(5):331-334
Insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes (IDD) in the NOD mouse is inherited as a complex polygenic trait making the identification
of susceptibility genes difficult. Currently none of the non-MHC IDD susceptibility genes in NOD have been identified. In
this paper we describe the congenic mouse approach that we are using for the dissection of complex traits, such as IDD. We
produced a series of six congenic strains carrying NOD-derived diabetogenic genomic intervals, which were previously identified
by linkage analysis, on a resistant background. These congenic strains were produced for the purpose of characterizing the
function of each of these genes, alone and in combinations, in IDD pathogenesis and to allow fine mapping of the NOD IDD susceptibility
genes. Histological examination of pancreata from 6 to 8-month-old congenic mice reveals that intervals on Chromosomes (Chrs)
1 and 17, but not 3, 6, and 11, contain NOD-derived genes that can increase the trafficking of mononuclear cells into the
pancreas. Insulitis was observed only very rarely, even in older congenic mice, indicating that multiple genes are required
for this phenotype. These results demonstrate the utility of this congenic approach for the study of complex genetic traits.
Received: 1 September 1995 / Accepted: 20 December 1995 相似文献
12.
M. Shepherd J. X. Chaparro R. Teasdale 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(7-8):1207-1215
Genetic control of foliar oil composition was investigated amongst half-sib progeny of an interspecific eucalypt hybrid. The
oil was found to be largely composed of the monoterpenes, limonene, α−pinene, γ−terpinene, 1,8 cineole and p-cymene. Due to difficulties in the interpretation of the compositional data based on raw proportions, further analysis was
conducted using log-ratio variables. A high degree of intercorrelation amongst log-ratios was thought to be a consequence
of commonality in the biosynthetic origins of the monoterpenes. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of log-ratio variables
indicated that a significant (68–81%) proportion of the variation in four out of the ten possible log-ratios were controlled
by a single genomic region of the maternal Eucalyptus
grandis parent. The impact of this genomic region upon oil composition was thought to be a consequence of a gene, or genes, controlling
the production of limonene, as limonene was the predominant oil constituent in many hybrid individuals and was common to all
log-ratios associated with the identified genomic region.
Received: 20 November 1998 / Accepted: 16 June 1999 相似文献
13.
Genetic analysis of the mouse using interspecific crosses 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
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Two new double congenic strains, B10-H-2
a
H-7
b
/Wts and B10-H-2
d
H-7
b
/Wts, were selected to differ from B10.A and B10.D2/o, respectively, at theH-7 locus. The survival time ofH-7-incompatible skin grafts is dependent upon theH-2 haplotype of recipient and donor. 相似文献
16.
The SWXL-4 recombinant inbred mouse strain is unusually sensitive to recurrent tonic-clonic seizures upon routine handling and to seizures induced by chemoconvulsants. In a conventional intercross with the ABP/Le strain, we previously mapped a SWXL-4-derived quantitative trait locus called Szf1 (seizure frequency 1) to Chromosome 7. In the present study, we confirm the existence of Szf1 in both an independent cross and a congenic strain. However, derivative congenic recombinant strains show that an interaction between at least two genes on Chromosome 7-each of which has a very small effect on its own-account for Szf1. 相似文献
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Pleiotropic effects of the Bcg gene. I. Antigen presentation in genetically susceptible and resistant congenic mouse strains 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
M Denis A Forget M Pelletier E Skamene 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1988,140(7):2395-2400
The Ag-presentation ability of Bcgr and Bcgs spleen cells was studied in two sets of Bcg-congenic systems; namely, the BALB/c-BALB/c.Bcgr pair and the B10.A-B10.A-Bcgr pair, by using three sonicated soluble bacterial Ag (mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, Salmonella typhimurium, and Brucella abortus) as well as a particulate Ag (heat-killed Escherichia coli). Pulsed Bcgr spleen cells were shown to induce a stronger proliferation of the T cell-indicator system than their Bcgs counterparts. No difference in Ag-presenting ability could be shown between Bcgr and Bcgs peritoneal macrophages from normal animals. However, elicited peritoneal macrophages from immune Bcgr mice were superior in their Ag-presentation ability. Differences at the level of Ag presentation of Bcgr and Bcgs splenic cells were investigated further. Depletion of T cells and B cells did not alter the differences in Ag-presenting ability between Bcgr and Bcgs spleen cells. Furthermore, splenic dendritic cells of Bcgr or Bcgs allelic types were equally efficient in presenting bacillus Calmette-Guérin Ag to accessory cell-depleted T cells. In a final experiment, it was shown that spleen macrophages were the cell type involved in the superior Ag presentation by Bcgr splenic cells. 相似文献
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Chris J. Cotsapas Rohan B.H. Williams Jeremy N. Pulvers David J. Nott Eva K.F. Chan Mark J. Cowley Peter F.R. Little 《Mammalian genome》2006,17(6):490-495
The analysis of the influence of genetic variation on regulation of gene expression at a near-genome-wide level has become
the focus of much recent interest. It is widely appreciated that many genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and
that others are more ubiquitously expressed but relatively little is known about how genetic variation might influence these
tissue patterns of gene expression. In this review we discuss what is known about the tissue specificity of the influence
of genetic variation and review the challenges that we face in combining hugely parallel, microarray-based gene analysis with
equally expensive genetic analysis. We conclude that the available data suggest that genetic variation is essentially tissue
specific in its effects upon gene expression and this has important implications for experimental analysis. 相似文献