共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
光镊技术的发明人Ashkin曾预言光镊"将细胞器从它们正常位置移去的能力,为我们打开了精确研究细胞功能的大门".然而仅十余年来,光镊技术的发展远远超越了这一预言.光镊不仅在微米、亚微米尺度粒子的操控与研究中获得重要应用,而且已扩展到纳米尺度,在生物大分子的操控和运动学、动力学特性的研究方面做出了令人瞩目的成果. 相似文献
2.
3.
在生物医学研究领域中,阵列光镊与微流控芯片的结合已经成为进行细胞操纵、转移以及少量细胞样品分选等方面最有希望的方法之一。光镊技术对样品具有非接触弹性控制、无机械损伤、可无菌操作等优势,以及微流控芯片分析的高效、多功能、微型化、低成本等优势,成为芯片实验室(Lab-on-a-Chip)的重要研究方面。该文概述了阵列光镊技术的形成与研究现状以及微流控芯片技术的发展与应用现状,分析了在不同阵列光镊形成方法下结合微流控芯片可实现的功能与应用,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
4.
《中国细胞生物学学报》2015,(10)
单分子光镊技术是近年来发展起来的一种新型的高分辨率光学技术,可以在单分子水平上实时观测并研究生物大分子或复合物相互作用的动态行为。光镊次毫秒级的时间分辨率和皮牛顿的力分辨率可使我们精确获得中间态、折叠速率(两态迁移速率)、作用力、能量、距离等重要的动力学信息;不同于传统的结构生物学方法,光镊实验是在生理条件下进行的,这些优势都使得光镊技术成为生物物理学领域一项不可或缺的技术手段。该文将主要针对这项单分子光学技术的原理及其在生物动力学上的应用和发展前景作简要介绍。 相似文献
5.
6.
光镊是由美国科学家Arthur Ashkin于1986年发明的,是一种利用高度汇聚的激光束产生的三维梯度势阱来俘获、操纵微小粒子的技术。因其可俘获、操纵单个细胞,并在细胞和亚细胞层次上为生物医学研究提供方便,近年来,已越来越多地被应用于生物医学研究中。本文在介绍光镊的原理和特点的基础上,阐述了光镊(尤其是拉曼光镊)技术在生物医学领域中的研究进展、现状和展望。 相似文献
7.
8.
细胞机械性能与细胞的生理状态与功能存在密切联系。早期对于细胞机械性能的研究受制于技术条件,只能获得细胞群的弹性或剪切模量,使得少量异质细胞的机械表型被淹没。近年来,单细胞机械性能检测技术得到了蓬勃发展。原子力显微镜、微吸管技术、光镊与光学拉伸、磁扭转流变仪与磁镊等单细胞机械性能检测技术展现出非常高的检测精度,但检测通量相对较低。新型微流控高通量检测方法的出现使检测通量呈几何式增长,有望解决大样本快速检测的需求。本文首先综述原子力显微镜、微吸管、光镊与光学拉伸和磁扭转流变仪与磁镊等单细胞机械性能检测技术。在此基础上,重点介绍细胞过孔、剪切诱导细胞变形和拉伸诱导细胞变形3种新兴微流控高通量检测技术的工作原理及最新研究进展,探讨各类方法的优缺点。最后,本文展望单细胞机械性能检测技术的未来发展方向。 相似文献
9.
《中国科学:生命科学》2020,(6)
随着单细胞测序技术的发展,人们对细胞异质性的关注越来越密切.单细胞操纵是研究细胞异质性的前提.基于光与物质的相互作用可以实现细胞的光学操纵,本文主要综述了激光显微切割、光镊、激光诱导前向转移和光流体等光学操纵方法的原理与应用.光学操纵无需接触,对细胞污染小、损伤小,而且易于和其他技术集成,对单细胞操纵和分析具有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
自从20年前光镊技术被Ashkin、Chu及其同事发明[1],该技术已被应用于各种生物学研究并由此获得丰富信息.例如应力下生物高分子的行为[2],DNA连接酶如何译码或如何消化DNA[3~6],动力蛋白如何沿分子轨道移动[7~8],以及RNA和蛋白质分子如何折叠/展开[9~11].通过对单个分子的操纵,光镊技术可用于探索这些生物系统在分子层面的工作模式.在本期222页,Case等描述了该技术的另一精巧应用.揭示了凝聚子蛋白质如何产生紧凑形式的DNA[12]. 相似文献
11.
Optical trapping (synonymous with optical tweezers) has become a core biophysical technique widely used for interrogating fundamental biological processes on size scales ranging from the single-molecule to the cellular level. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of ‘nanophotonic tweezers,’ an exciting new class of ‘on-chip’ optical traps. Here, we describe how nanophotonic tweezers are making optical trap technology more broadly accessible and bringing unique biosensing and manipulation capabilities to biological applications of optical trapping. 相似文献
12.
采用摄像、录像和视屏监控系统及显色偏振装置与光钳系统耦合,从空间分辨、色分辨和时间分辨多方面改善系统品质,实现了光钳捕获与操纵生物活体的动态监测、实时记录、资料保存和屏幕再现的功能,并能测量光钳操纵细胞的位移量和由此计算操纵速度,提高了光钳的自我调整和光钳操纵细胞的精细度。本研究为激光光钳技术在细胞工程等方面的应用研究提供了行之有效的技术手段。 相似文献
13.
《Biophysical journal》2021,120(24):5454-5465
Despite their wide applications in soluble macromolecules, optical tweezers have rarely been used to characterize the dynamics of membrane proteins, mainly due to the lack of model membranes compatible with optical trapping. Here, we examined optical trapping and mechanical properties of two potential model membranes, giant and small unilamellar vesicles (GUVs and SUVs, respectively) for studies of membrane protein dynamics. We found that optical tweezers can stably trap GUVs containing iodixanol with controlled membrane tension. The trapped GUVs with high membrane tension can serve as a force sensor to accurately detect reversible folding of a DNA hairpin or membrane binding of synaptotagmin-1 C2AB domain attached to the GUV. We also observed that SUVs are rigid enough to resist large pulling forces and are suitable for detecting protein conformational changes induced by force. Our methodologies may facilitate single-molecule manipulation studies of membrane proteins using optical tweezers. 相似文献
14.
Using Optics to Measure Biological Forces and Mechanics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Scot C. Kuo 《Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)》2001,2(11):757-763
Spanning all size levels, regulating biological forces and transport are fundamental life processes. Used by various investigators over the last dozen years, optical techniques offer unique advantages for studying biological forces. The most mature of these techniques, optical tweezers, or the single-beam optical trap, is commercially available and is used by numerous investigators. Although technical innovations have improved the versatility of optical tweezers, simple optical tweezers continue to provide insights into cell biology. Two new, promising optical technologies, laser-tracking microrheology and the optical stretcher, allow mechanical measurements that are not possible with optical tweezers. Here, I review these various optical technologies and their roles in understanding mechanical forces in cell biology. 相似文献
15.
单光镊技术测量红细胞膜弹性新方法的建立 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
光镊是对生物样品的力学特性进行研究的方便工具.红细胞膜弹性是血液的生理功能指标.利用单光镊技术我们建立了测量红细胞膜弹性的新方法.利用该方法对红细胞的膜弹性进行测量,该结果与国外文献报道的双光镊法测量结果相一致.对不同浓度氧化苯砷(PAO)处理的红细胞膜弹性进行了测量,测量结果表现出浓度与膜弹性之间有明显的线性关系,证实了这种方法的可行性和灵敏性. 相似文献
16.
活细胞染色体切割(光刀)和光捕捉(光钳)的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报道了光捕捉活细胞染色体的最新实验结果。对PTK_2有丝分裂细胞的染色体先围激光刀切割,再用光钳捕捉使该切割的染色体片断的行为发生改变。光捕捉中期切割的染色体片断有可能使它们整合到同一个子细胞中或丢失在分裂沟中。光捕捉后期切割的染色体可使该切割片断或掺入相反的细胞中或丢失在分裂沟中或回到原有的相应子细胞中。光捕捉操纵染色体去水螈肺上支子细胞中不仅同样有效,还可以在纺缍体的边缘,即纺缍体和间丝笼之间的细胞质清澈区域内用光钳操纵染色体片断移动,旋转。根据细胞和染色体形态和行为,对700-840nm波长范围内的各种波长的光捕捉进行了比较,结果表明,700nm或800-820nm波长操纵的细胞,出现最少的异常细胞百分率,760nm则诱发百分之百的异常细胞率。根据各方面的综合比较,700nm为最佳波长,共次为1060和800nm。760nm损伤细胞最严重,应避免使用。文中并讨论了光捕捉染色体的应用前景。 相似文献
17.
J. P. Mills L. Qie M. Dao C. T. Lim S. Suresh 《Molecular & cellular biomechanics : MCB》2004,1(3):169-180
Studies of the deformation characteristics of single biological cells can offer insights into the connections among mechanical state, biochemical response and the onset and progression of diseases. Deformation imposed by optical tweezers provides a useful means for the study of single cell mechanics under a variety of well-controlled stress-states. In this paper, we first critically review recent advances in the study of single cell mechanics employing the optical tweezers method, and assess its significance and limitations in comparison to other experimental tools. We then present new experimental and computational results on shape evolution, force--extension curves, elastic properties and viscoelastic response of human red blood cells subjected to large elastic deformation using optical tweezers. Potential applications of the methods examined here to study diseased cells are also briefly addressed. 相似文献
18.
Kwok Ho Lam Hsiu‐Sheng Hsu Ying Li Changyang Lee Anderson Lin Qifa Zhou Eun Sok Kim Kirk Koping Shung 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2013,110(3):881-886
Similar to optical tweezers, a tightly focused ultrasound microbeam is needed to manipulate microparticles in acoustic tweezers. The development of highly sensitive ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic transducers is crucial for trapping particles or cells with a size of a few microns. As an extra lens would cause excessive attenuation at ultrahigh frequencies, two types of 200‐MHz lensless transducer design were developed as an ultrasound microbeam device for acoustic tweezers application. Lithium niobate single crystal press‐focused (PF) transducer and zinc oxide self‐focused transducer were designed, fabricated and characterized. Tightly focused acoustic beams produced by these transducers were shown to be capable of manipulating single microspheres as small as 5 µm two‐dimensionally within a range of hundreds of micrometers in distilled water. The size of the trapped microspheres is the smallest ever reported in the literature of acoustic PF devices. These results suggest that these lensless ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic transducers are capable of manipulating particles at the cellular level and that acoustic tweezers may be a useful tool to manipulate a single cell or molecule for a wide range of biomedical applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 881–886. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献