Nrf2/HO-1/HMGB1信号通路在白血病细胞K562/A02化疗耐药中的机制研究

目的:通过观察高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)、转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(Nrf2)及血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)基因沉默对白血病化疗耐药细胞(K562/A02细胞株)的影响,探讨该信号通路在白血病化疗耐药中的作用及其可能机制。方法:将HMGB1基因、Nrf2基因及HO-1基因的特异性干扰RNA分别转染阿霉素耐药细胞株K562/A02,荧光实时定量(RT-PCR)方法检测HMGB1、Nrf2及HO-1的mRNA表达水平,Western blot方法检测HMGB1、Nrf2及HO-1的蛋白表达水平,免疫荧光方法检测Nrf2的蛋白表达,并使用CCK-8方法检测转染前后K562/A02细胞株的细胞活性。结果:HMGB1基因、Nrf2基因或HO-1基因沉默的K562/A02细胞活性皆显著低于对照组及空白组(P0.05),化疗敏感性恢复。结论:HMGB1高表达导致了白血病细胞株K562/A02对阿霉素的化疗耐药,Nrf2/HO-1信号通路参与了HMGB1诱导的K562/A02细胞的化疗耐药,其表达上调可恢复K562/A02细胞对阿霉素的敏感性。     

大鼠HO-1表达质粒构建、活力检测及抗HUVEC凋亡的作用研究

异种移植排斥反应的主要特征为内皮细胞发生Ⅱ型激活,引起黏附分子、细胞因子和前促凝分子等基因高表达,造成血管收缩、白细胞黏附、激活、聚集和血栓形成,最终导致内皮细胞凋亡。保护基因HO-1通过抑制前炎症反应及免疫调抑作用以保护异种移植器官。因此,通过构建含剪切的野生型大鼠HO-1 cDNA的表达型质粒,用DOTAP包裹转入HUVEC中表达,测定表达量及表达产物活性;采用TNF-α诱导细胞凋亡,以及Heme和SnPP分别刺激细胞,诱导和抑制细胞内HO-1表达量,流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率,明确HO-1的抗细胞凋亡作用。结果显示HO-1在HUVEC中高度表达,活力为对照组5倍;TNF-α诱导细胞凋亡,但Heme处理后细胞凋亡率下降至20%以下,而SnPP处理后细胞凋亡率显著上升,最高达到95%以上,并且HO-1基因表达抑制时细胞凋亡率是诱导时的5-20倍。本实验表明Heme处理后HO-1表达上调,具有显著抗细胞凋亡作用,细胞凋亡率与HO-1表达量呈负相关,提示HO-1通过抑制细胞凋亡,对细胞有保护作用。     

HO-1与HCV的相关性研究

血红素加氧酶-1（hemeoxygenase-1,HO-1）在肝脏和脾脏高表达,可以被包括某些病毒感染在内的多种因素诱导表达,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡等保护作用。丙型肝炎病毒（hepatitisCvirus,HCV）感染可以造成慢型肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌等疾病,对人类健康造成很大威胁。研究发现HO-1通过影响HCV的复制发挥其保护作用,同时HCV也可以反向调控HO-1的表达。尽管HO-1与HCV相互作用的分子机制还不明确,但H0—1与HCV感染相关性研究不断取得重大进展,将为HCV感染的治疗提供一种新方法。     

血红素加氧酶-1重组载体的构建及在胃癌细胞中的初步研究

目的构建人血红素加氧酶-1（hemeoxygenase-1,HO-1）及其突变体的真核表达载体,观察其在胃腺癌细胞中HO-1表达和活性变化,研究HO-1活性变化的胃腺癌细胞对顺铂抗药能力的变化,为进一步研究HO-1对肿瘤细胞影响机制奠定基础。方法根据GenBank中HO-1cDNA序列设计引物,调取基因并克隆入pcDNA3．1（＋）质粒中,构建表达人野生型HO-1与突变型HO-1（HO-1G143H）的重组质粒。脂质体介导重组质粒转染胃腺癌细胞BGC823,用RT—PCR和Western印迹法分别检测细胞中HO-1mRNA的表达和蛋白表达水平,体外测定HO—1活性变化,应用顺铂进行体外抗药性实验。结果酶切鉴定和测序证实,HO-1真核表达载体构建成功;转染质粒后的BGC823,HO-1的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平明显上升;转入野生型质粒的细胞HO-1活性上升,转入突变型质粒的细胞HO-1活性下降;HO-1活性下降BGC823细胞抗顺铂杀伤能力增强。结论构建了HO-1野生型与突变型真核表达载体;将其转入胃腺癌细胞,引起了HO-1的mRNA和蛋白表达的增加和活性变化;体外实验表明,HO-1活性下降的BGC823细胞抗顺铂能力增强。     

大鼠HO-1表达质粒构建、活力检测及抗HUVEC凋亡的作用研究

异种移植排斥反应的主要特征为内皮细胞发生Ⅱ型激活．引起黏附分子、细胞因子和前促凝分子等基因高表达．造成血管收缩、白细胞黏附、激活、聚集和血栓形成．最终导致内皮细胞凋亡。保护基因HO-1通过抑制前炎症反应及免疫调抑作用以保护异种移植器官。因此。通过构建含剪切的野生型大鼠HO-1 cDNA的表达型质粒．用DOTAP包裹转入HUVEC中表达。测定表达量及表达产物活性;采用TNF-α诱导细胞凋亡。以及Heme和SnPP分别刺激细胞。诱导和抑制细胞内HO-1表达量．流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率,明确HO一1的抗细胞凋亡作用。结果显示HO-1在HUVEC中高度表达。活力为对照组5倍;TNF-α诱导细胞凋亡。但Heme处理后细胞凋亡率下降至20％以下。而SnPP处理后细胞凋亡率显著上升,最高达到95％以上。并且HO-1基因表达抑制时细胞凋亡率是诱导时的5—20倍。本实验表明Heme处理后HO-1表达上调。具有显著抗细胞凋亡作用。细胞凋亡率与HO-1表达量呈负相关,提示HO-1通过抑制细胞凋亡。对细胞有保护作用。     

血红素加氧酶-1在对抗过氧化氢引起的血管低反应性中的作用

目的：研究HO-1的诱导剂是否可对抗H2O2引起的血管低反应性,并探讨其作用机制。方法：采用血管环灌流装置,观察胸主动脉环的收缩效应。结果：①SD大鼠腹腔注射高铁血红素后,主动脉HO-1活性和血中CO含量增高;同时,H2O2引起的血管收缩功能下降的现象明显改善。②KATP通道阻断剂优降糖,而非GC抑制亚甲蓝,可取消高铁血红素的抗H2O2损伤的作用。③Hemin＋H2O2组与单纯H2O2组的钙收缩曲线无明显差异。④无钙液中,高铁血红素可抑制H2O2引起的咖啡因和PE诱导的收缩幅度的下降。结论：诱导主动脉HO-1活性增加,可对抗氧化应激引起的血管收缩反应的低下,其机制可能是通过激活KATP通道,影响细胞内贮存钙的释放起作用。而与GC信号转导通路无关。     

血红素加氧酶-1、树突状细胞和调节性T细胞在慢性气道炎症中的作用及相互关系

慢性气道炎症是多种肺部疾病的共同病理生理过程,是由多种炎症细胞、炎症介质及细胞因子相互作用所致的气道病变。血红素加氧酶(HO)-1、树突状细胞(DC)和调节性T细胞(Treg)参与了气道炎症并发挥不同的作用,表现在HO-1具有抗炎抗氧化及保护细胞的作用;DC除可导致或持续气道炎症反应外,也具有负向调控作用,可诱导免疫耐受而抑制炎症的发展;而Treg可发挥免疫调抑功能,以此维持免疫稳态及抑制气道炎症。HO-1、DC和Treg相互作用,影响着气道炎症的发生发展。现对三者在气道炎症中的作用及相互关系进行综述。     

缺氧诱导因子-1 α（HIF-1α）与卵巢癌多药耐药的关系

卵巢癌是常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,其死亡率居妇科肿瘤之首。化疗是其重要的治疗手段,而随之产生的肿瘤细胞多药耐药成为治疗失败的主要原因。低氧是所有实体肿瘤的特征,缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)是介导细胞低氧反应最关键的核转录因子,对卵巢癌多药耐药的形成起到多方面的作用,本文就近年来以HIF-1α为靶点研究卵巢癌耐药的研究进展作一综述。     

诱导血红素加氧酶-1表达在器官移植中的保护作用

器官移植术中及术后移植器官的缺血再灌注损伤（ischemia-repeffusion injury,IRI）和免疫排斥反应一直困扰着外科医生.血红素加氧酶-1（heme oxygenase-1,HO-1）是血红素代谢过程中的限速酶,广泛分布于哺乳动物的各种组织细胞中.血红素在它的催化下降解代谢为一氧化碳（CO）、胆绿素和游离铁离子.HO-1在氧化应激、炎性反应、低氧和缺血等状态下均能高度表达.HO-1及其催化血红素代谢产物主要通过抗炎性反应、抗氧化反应、调节同种异体反应性T细胞的活性及增殖、抗内皮细胞凋亡、抑制内皮细胞活化等作用机制,对移植器官起到抗IRI和抗免疫排斥作用,从而增加移植器官成活率及延长其存活时间.     

血红素加氧酶-1在缺血/再灌注损伤中的保护作用

血红素加氧酶-1(Heme Oxygenase-1,HO-1)是催化血红素分解的关键酶。近年来,人们对血红素降解产物的抗氧化、抗炎症等功能的认识推动了对HO酶系的研究。缺血／再灌注损伤(IRI)是一个重要的临床问题,而临床上对IRI的防治尚缺乏有效的方法。目前发现HO-1过表达具有抗IRI的作用,其保护作用的可能机制有：抗氧化作用、调节微循环、调节细胞周期和抗炎症作用。     

Changes in expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl and in level of reactive oxygen species in tumor cells resistant to doxorubicin

The relationship between expression of genes encoding key antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl and change in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from development of resistance of cancer cells K562, MCF-7, and SKOV-3 to the prooxidant chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) has been studied. Significant increase in mRNA level and activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase, and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) and reduced ROS level was found in resistant K562/DOX and SKVLB cells. In contrast, no change in ROS level was observed in MCF-7/DOX cells in parallel with decrease in Mn-SOD and catalase mRNAs and corresponding activities concurrently with high increase in GPx-1 mRNA and activity. As a result of the development of resistance, a similarity was found between the change in ROS level and the change in ho-1 and bcl-2 gene expression, whereas elevation of bcl-xl gene expression was observed in all three types of resistant cells. Particular features of development of adaptive antioxidant response as well as redox-dependent change in bcl-2 gene expression under formation of DOX resistance of cancer cells of different genesis are discussed.     

Isolating a Cytoprotective Compound from Ganoderma tsugae: Effects on Induction of Nrf-2-Related Genes in Endothelial Cells

Ganoderma tsugae is a medicinal fungus with several biological activities. It has long been used as a folk remedy for the promotion of health and longevity in China and other oriental countries. Here, a bioactive fraction of G. tsugae was progressively purified to be enriched in the activity of cytoprotective enzymes. The highest bioactivity was detected in the 20% EtOH-precipitated fraction, which was prepared from submerged fermentation filtrate of G. tsugae. Following further purification by gel filtration chromatography and acetone extraction, the most bioactive fraction, F5-2, was identified as a peptidoglycan-like compound. Extracts of G. tsugae (F5-2) induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) expression in endothelial cells by increasing NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. Pretreatment with F5-2 increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) and protected against H₂O₂, suggesting that induction of these antioxidant enzymes is important in protection against oxidative stress. Hence the bioactive peptidoglycan-like compound from G. tsugae might protect endothelial cells.     

c-Myc部分通过调控Nbs1减弱阿霉素降低U2OS细胞集落形成的能力

c-Myc是一种泛在性的转录因子,它调控着许多涉及细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等生命活动的基因．实验结果表明在骨肉瘤细胞U2OS中过表达c-Myc和Nbs1都能减弱阿霉素降低集落形成的能力．进一步的实验证实c-Myc的这种作用与Nbs1有关,Nbs1是c-Myc的靶基因．染色质免疫沉淀实验显示,c-Myc招募组蛋白乙酰化酶p300复合物到Nbs1启动子区,引起了组蛋白H4的乙酰化,定位在Nbs1启动子区的相邻的两个E-box对c-Myc的结合是必要的．上述结果说明c-Myc减弱阿霉素的作用部分是通过调控Nbs1来实现的．这也提示了c-Myc在阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤修复中起作用．     

Curcumin prevents high glucose damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells through ERK1/2-mediated activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

To study the effects of curcumin on human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to high glucose (HG) insult, we performed in vitro studies on RPE cells cultured both in normal and HG conditions to assess the effects of curcumin on the cell viability, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, HO-1 activity, and ERK1/2 expression. RPE cells exposed to HG insult were treated with curcumin. The cell viability, apoptosis, HO-1 activity, ERK, and Nrf2 expression were evaluated. The data indicated that treatment with curcumin caused a significant decrease in terms of apoptosis. Further, curcumin was able to induce HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation and counteracts the damage elicited by HG. The present study demonstrated that curcumin provides protection against HG-induced damage in RPE cells through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling that involves the ERK pathway, suggesting that curcumin may have therapeutic value in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.     

用分子模拟方法研究HIV-1整合酶突变体的耐药性机理

二酮酸类化合物(DKAs)是目前最有前景的HIV-1整合酶(integrase, IN)抑制剂．为了解DKAs引起的多种耐药株共有的耐药性机理,选择3种S-1360引起的IN耐药突变体,用分子对接和分子动力学模拟,研究了野生型和突变型IN与S-1360的结合模式,基于该结合模式探讨了3种耐药突变体所共有的耐药性机理．结果表明：在突变体中,S-1360结合到耐药突变IN核心区中的位置靠近功能loop 3区却远离与 DNA结合的关键残基,结合位置不同导致S-1360的抑制作用部分丧失;残基138到166区域的柔性对IN发挥生物学功能很重要,S-1360能与DNA结合的关键残基N155及K159形成氢键,这2个氢键作用降低了该区域的柔性,突变体中无类似氢键,因而该区域柔性增高;在突变体中,S-1360的苯环远离病毒DNA结合区,不能阻止病毒DNA末端暴露给宿主DNA;T66I突变导致残基Ⅰ的长侧链占据IN的活性口袋,阻止抑制剂以与野生型中相同的方式结合到活性中心,这均是产生抗药性的重要原因．这些模拟结果与实验结果吻合,可为抗IN的抑制剂设计和改造提供帮助．     

中华按蚊血红素加氧酶基因 AsHO-1的鉴定及其在血餐后虫体中的表达动态

【目的】雌蚊需要吸食血液以完成营养生殖循环,血液蛋白的消化会释放大量的游离血红素。血红素是促氧化剂,必须严格调控血红素的动态平衡。血红素加氧酶 (heme oxygenase, HO) 在血红素的动态平衡调控中起着关键的作用,但不同昆虫HO代谢血红素的途径有差异。本研究旨在鉴定和表达分析中华按蚊 Anopheles sinensis 的 HO-1基因,研究HO-1和血红素在血餐后的动态变化过程,为进一步研究中华按蚊血红素的动态平衡调控机制奠定基础。【方法】通过分析中华按蚊的转录组数据鉴定HO-1基因,采用实时定量PCR技术分析该基因在不同组织和在取食血液、葡萄糖前后的表达谱,并测定取食血液后中肠中不同时间的血红素浓度。【结果】鉴定到中华按蚊血红素加氧酶1基因,命名为 AsHO-1（GenBank登录号为KP994552）。AsHO-1开放阅读框长729 bp,编码242个氨基酸。定量PCR表达分析发现,AsHO-1在幼虫和成虫的中肠和中肠外组织（仅去掉中肠的虫体）中都有表达,中肠外组织中的表达水平显著高于中肠中的表达水平。AsHO-1在吸食血液后的中肠中上调明显,而在中肠外组织中的表达变化较小。吸食葡萄糖后,中肠中AsHO-1在6-12 h表达上升,最高上升了4.2倍,而在吸食血液后AsHO-1在12-24 h表达上升,最高上升了11.67倍。中肠中的血红素含量在吸食血液后的3 h即开始迅速上升,6 h达到最高,18 h开始下降。【结论】研究结果说明AsHO-1在血餐后表达水平显著上调,有可能与血红素的动态调节有关,但有待进一步验证。除中肠外,AsHO-1基因还在幼虫期和在成蚊的中肠外组织中高表达,说明AsHO-1基因还可能参与中华按蚊的其他多种生理过程。     

Heme oxygenase-1 and heme oxygenase-2 have distinct roles in the proliferation and survival of olfactory receptor neurons mediated by cGMP and bilirubin,respectively

Heme oxygenase (HO) is implicated in protection against oxidative stress, proliferation and apoptosis in many cell types, including neurons. We utilized olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) as a model to define the roles of HO-1 and HO-2 in neuronal development and survival, and to determine the mediators of these effects. The olfactory system is a useful model as ORNs display neurogenesis post-natally and do not contain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, which could confound results. HO isoforms were expressed in ORNs during embryogenesis and post-natally. Mice null for either HO-1 or HO-2 displayed decreased proliferation of neuronal precursors. However, apoptosis was increased only in HO-2 null mice. Cyclic GMP immunostaining was reduced in ORNs in both genotypes, providing direct evidence that HO mediates cGMP production in vivo. Bilirubin immunostaining was reduced only in HO-2 null mice. These roles for HO-1 and HO-2 were confirmed using detergent ablation of the epithelium to observe increased neurogenesis of ORNs after target disruption in HO null mice. Primary cultures of ORNs revealed that proliferative and survival effects of HO were mediated through cGMP and bilirubin, respectively. These results support a role for HO, the CO-cGMP signaling system and bilirubin in neurodevelopment and in response to injury.