<Emphasis Type="Italic">Adlardia</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">novaecaledoniae</Emphasis> n. g., n. sp. (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) from the fork-tailed threadfin bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nemipterus furcosus</Emphasis> (Val.) (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) off New Caledonia

Adlardia novaecaledoniae n. g., n. sp. (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) is described from the fish Nemipterus furcosus (Val.) (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) from off New Caledonia (South Pacific). Adlardia n. g. is distinguished from all other cryptogonimid genera by the combination of an elongate body, the presence of oral spines, intestinal caeca that open via ani at the posterior end of the body, a highly lobed ovary, oblique testes that are located in the mid-hindbody, vitelline follicles that extend from midway between the testes and ovary to midway between the ovary and ventral sucker, and an excretory vesicle that bifurcates dorsal to the ovary and reunites immediately anterior to the pharynx. A. novaecaledoniae n. sp. is the only cryptogonimid that has been reported with an excretory vesicle that reunites anterior to the pharynx. Siphoderina elongata (Gu &; Shen, 1979) Miller &; Cribb, 2008 is transferred to Adlardia as A. elongata (Gu &; Shen, 1979) n. comb. based on morphological and ecological (host group) agreement with A. novaecaledoniae. Bayesian inference analysis of LSU rDNA revealed that A. novaecaledoniae nested well within a clade containing cryptogonimid taxa known almost exclusively from haemulid and lutjanid fishes, suggesting that host-switching between teleosts of the Haemuloidea, Lutjanoidea and Sparoidea may have been common in the evolutionary history of this system.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudorhabdosynochus hirundineus</Emphasis> n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Variola louti</Emphasis> (Perciformes: Serranidae) off New Caledonia

Pseudorhabdosynochus hirundineus n. sp. is described from specimens collected from the gills of Variola louti off Nouméa, New Caledonia, South Pacific. No diplectanid was found on V. albimarginata from the same location. The male sclerotised quadriloculate organ of P. hirundineus is 42 μm in internal length, with a long posterior tube; and the sclerotised vagina, 36 μm in length, is composed of a long tube with anterior open trumpet and two posterior, heavily sclerotised chambers. The two squamodiscs, each with 11–15 rows of rodlets and no central closed row of rodlets, are dissimilar in shape, the ventral being round and the dorsal being oval. By the morphology of its sclerotised vagina, P. hirundineus appears close to P. epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938) but it is differentiated from it by the shape of its squamodiscs. Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. previously recorded from epinephelines are parasites of species of Epinephelus and Mycteroperca; this is the first species from a species of Variola.

---

Résumé Résumé Pseudorhabdosynochus hirundineus n. sp. est décrit de spécimens récoltés sur les branchies de Variola louti au large de Nouméa, Nouvelle Calédonie, Pacifique sud. Aucun Diplectanidae n’a été trouvé chez V. albimarginata de la même origine. L’organe mâle sclérifié tétraloculé de P. hirundineus mesure 42μm de longueur interne et a un long tube postérieur, et le vagin sclérifié, long de 36μm, est composé d’un long tube avec une trompe antérieure et deux chambres postérieures très sclérifiées. Les deux squamodisques, chacun avec 11–15 rangées d’osselets et sans rangée close, sont de formes différentes, le ventral rond et le dorsal ovale. Par la morphologie de son vagin sclérifié, P. hirundineus semble proche de P. epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938), mais s’en distingue par la forme de ses squamodisques. Les espèces de Pseudorhabdosynochus mentionnées auparavant chez les Epinephelinae étaient parasites d’espèces des genres Epinephelus et Mycteroperca; ceci est la première espèce chez Variola.

     

Size composition and reproductive biology of the ornate jobfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus</Emphasis> (Lutjanidae) off Ishigaki Island,Okinawa

The ornate jobfish Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus is an important lutjanid species for fisheries in the Okinawan region of Japan. The present study estimated the size composition and reproduction of this species in the waters around Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture. The length–frequency distribution indicated that males grow larger than females. The fork length (FL; mm)–whole body weight (BW; g) relationship and FL–total length (TL) relationship were as follows: BW = 1.048 × 10⁻⁵ FL^3.121 and TL = 1.101 × FL + 2.196, respectively. The main spawning season was estimated as between April and August, since higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) values were found for both sexes, and matured oocytes were observed in females during these months. The developmental stage of ovaries correlated with the GSI of females. Fecundity ranged from 9,530 to 98,260 oocytes in fish of 177.0 to 278.0 mm FL, and the FL–fecundity relationship was as follows: fecundity = 9.525 × 10⁻⁸ FL^4.903.     

Monocotylids (Monogenea: Monopisthocotylea) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aetobatus</Emphasis> cf. <Emphasis Type="Italic">narinari</Emphasis> off New Caledonia,with a description of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Decacotyle elpora</Emphasis> n. sp.

Four species of monocotylid monogeneans were found on a spotted eagle ray Aetobatus cf. narinari caught off Noumea, New Caledonia, South Pacific. The host is illustrated for future possible identification, because it belongs to a currently unresolved species complex. Decacotyle octona (Young, 1967) Chisholm & Whittington, 1998, from the secondary gill lamellae, is figured and previously unreported details of the reproductive system are described. D. elpora n. sp. is described from numerous specimens found between the secondary gill lamellae. The new species, 780-1650 microm in body length, is smaller than D. octona, but has a longer sclerotised male copulatory organ. It is characterised by two dorsal haptoral accessory structures, each with three bumps, and a 9-shaped sclerotised male copulatory organ 240-290 microm in length. D. octona and Clemacotyle australis Young, 1967, both from the branchial cavity, and Thaumatocotyle pseudodasybatis Hargis, 1955, from the nasal tissue, are new geographical records for New Caledonia. It is suggested that differences in the monocotylid fauna between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific forms of Aetobatus cf. narinari could be of interest for the systematic status of the ray, but the sporadic nature of the sampling probably casts doubt on the usefulness of the currently available data.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Protocotyle euzetmaillardi</Emphasis> n. sp. (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) from the bigeye sixgill shark <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hexanchus nakamurai</Emphasis> Teng (Elasmobranchii: Hexanchidae) off New Caledonia

Protocotyle euzetmaillardi n. sp. is described from the gills of the sixgill shark Hexanchus nakamurai Teng caught in deep-sea off New Caledonia, South Pacific. The new species is compared with the two other species of the genus (both from the only other species in this shark genus, H. griseus (Bonn.)), namely P. grisea (Cerfontaine, 1899) Euzet &; Maillard, 1974, redescribed from vouchers, and P. taschenbergi (Maillard &; Oliver, 1966) Euzet &; Maillard, 1974, redescribed from its type-specimens. The anatomy of the reproductive system is detailed; all three species have a characteristic oötype with longitudinal cells (‘ootype côtelé’ of Euzet &; Maillard). The following unique combination of characters differentiates the new species from its two congeners: posterior lobe of seminal vesicle absent, diverticulum of oviduct present and small body size. Furthermore, its tubular ovary does not include a region with sperm, which is present in both of the other species, and its eggs have only one filament, whereas eggs in the uterus have one or two filaments in P. grisea and one filament in P. taschenbergi. The latter features differ from existing diagnoses of Protocotyle, in which eggs with two filaments and the presence of a tubular ovary dilated with sperm are key characteristics.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Allassogonoporus dromiciops</Emphasis> n. sp. (Digenea: Allassogonoporidae) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dromiciops gliroides</Emphasis> (Marsupialia: Microbiotheriidae) in Patagonia,Argentina

A new species of Allassogonoporus Olivier, 1938, from a naturally infected specimen of Dromiciops gliroides, is described. Adults of A. dromiciops n. sp. were recovered from the small intestine. This new species can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by having: the largest body and eggs, a lobed testes and ovary, a Y-shaped excretory vesicle and vitelline follicles beginning at the level of the posterior margin of the oral sucker. This is the first record of a species of Allassogonoporus in South America and the first record of a digenean parasitising D. gliroides.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trebius benzi</Emphasis> n. sp. (Siphonostomatoida: Trebiidae) infecting <Emphasis Type="Italic">Squalus acutipinnis</Emphasis> Regan off South Africa

Trebius Krøyer, 1838 currently consists of 15 accepted species all infecting elasmobranchs. Apart from two species, i.e. T. caudatus Krøyer, 1838 and T. latifurcatus Wilson, 1921, that have been reported from ten and eight host species, respectively, the other 13 species have each been reported from only one or two host species. Trebius benzi n. sp., collected from Squalus acutipinnis Regan, is described and illustrated after examination through stereo- and compound microscopes. This species can be distinguished from the other known species by a combination of characters including an abdomen that is shorter than the genital complex, a maxillule with an endite that consists of a single-tined dentiform process, sternal furca tines that are blunt and as long as the base, and the innermost spine of the last exopodal segment of leg 1 the shortest.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Longidorus</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">kheirii</Emphasis> n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Iran

Longidorus kheirii n. sp., a parthenogenetic species, was found in soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of Rosa sp. growing in a natural mountainous region close to Maragheh city, northwestern Iran. It is characterised by having a long body (6.7-9 mm), a 19.5-23 mum wide head continuous with the body contour, a truncate and slightly concave lip region with convex sides between the anterior end and the guide-ring, an odontostyle 113-130 mum long, an odontophore 69-97.5 mum long, a body width of 90.5-117.5 mum at the mid-body, a long, wide oesophageal bulb (149.5-193.5 x 39.5-48 mum), a tail length of 47-72 mum, a male with 11 ventromedian supplements and spicules of 85 mum in length, and four juvenile stages. The ribosomal 18S rDNA gene of L. kheirii n. sp., L. leptocephalus Hooper, 1961, L. profundorum Hooper, 1966 L. euonymus Mali & Hooper, 1973 and two unidentified species listed as Longidorus sp. 1 and Longidorus sp. 2, all recovered from northwestern Iran in the same survey, and the ITS1 of L. kheirii n. sp. and Longidorus sp. 1 were sequenced in order to investigate the phylogenetic relationships with other previously sequenced Longidorus species.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudorhabdosynochus quadratus</Emphasis> n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from the white-streaked grouper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus ongus</Emphasis> (Bloch) (Perciformes: Serranidae) off New Caledonia

Gill diplectanid monogeneans from the camouflage grouper Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker) collected in the coral reef lagoon of New Caledonia, South Pacific, comprise four species. Very few monogeneans were found in most fish examined. Pseudorhabdosynochus dionysos n. sp. has a sclerotised vagina with a robust trumpet, a robust primary canal and two chambers of similar size; it is close to P. bacchus Sigura, Chauvet & Justine, 2007. P. viscosus n. sp. has a sclerotised vagina with a robust trumpet, long primary canal with an extremely thin wall and two small chambers, and a male quadriloculate organ with a characteristic thickening at the extremity of its cone. P. crassus n. sp., the most abundant species, has a sclerotised vagina with a thin-walled trumpet, thin-walled primary canal which is always coiled anteriorly and two small chambers. P. huitoe Justine, 2007, P. manifestus Justine & Sigura, 2007 and P. crassus have very similar sclerotised vaginae; however, species of this ‘huitoe complex’ can be distinguished by measurements of the haptoral hard parts. A few diplectanid specimens found in a single specimen of E. polyphekadion were attributed to P. huitoe, a species originally described from E. maculatus (Bloch) and also rarely found in E. cyanopodus Richardson in New Caledonia; specimens from these three fish species are morphologically indistinguishable.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Barracudia australiensis</Emphasis> n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the obtuse barracuda <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphyraena obtusata</Emphasis> Cuvier (Perciformes: Sphyraenidae) off eastern Australia

Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, a new nematode parasite, Barracudia australiensis n. sp. (Philometridae), is described from the gall-bladder of the marine fish (obtuse barracuda) Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier (Sphyraenidae, Perciformes) from off the eastern Pacific coast of Australia, for which a new genus Barracudia n. g. is established. This new genus is mainly characterised by features found in the male: sickle-shaped, ventrally curved spicules, a gubernacum with a broad, dorsally bent distal portion and a markedly dorsoventrally elongated cloacal aperture. Based on these features, Barracudia spp. conspicuously differ from representatives of all other philometrid genera with known males. Philometra philippinensis Quiazon & Yoshinaga, 2013 is transferred to Barracudia as B. philippinensis (Quiazon & Yoshinaga, 2013) n. comb. Barracudia australiensis is the third nominal species of philometrids described from the Sphyraenidae and the 19th species of the Philometridae recorded from fishes in Australian waters.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Quinua</Emphasis> and Relatives (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chenopodium</Emphasis> sect.<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chenopodium</Emphasis> subsect.<Emphasis Type="Italic">Celluloid</Emphasis>)

Traditionally viewed as an Andean grain crop,Chenopodium quinoa Willd. includes domesticated populations that are not Andean, and Andean populations that are not domesticated. Comparative analysis of leaf morphology and allozyme frequencies have demonstrated that Andean populations, both domesticated(quinua) and free-living(ajara), represent an exceptionally homogeneous unit that is well differentiated from allied domesticates of coastal Chile(quingua) and freeliving populations of the Argentine lowlands(C. hircinum). This pattern of relationships indicates that Andean populations represent a monophyletic crop/weed system that has possibly developed through cyclic differentiation (natural vs. human selection) and introgressive hybridization. Relative levels of variation suggest that this complex originated in the southern Andes, possibly from wild types allied withC. hircinum, with subsequent dispersal north to Colombia and south to the Chilean coast. Coastal populations were apparently isolated from post-dispersal differentiation and homogenization that occurred in the Andes. Other data point toward a center of origin in the northern Andes with secondary centers of genetic diversity subsequently developing in the southern Andes and the plains of Argentina. Comparative linkage of South American taxa, all tetraploid, with North American tetraploids of the subsection will eventually clarify this problem. While the possibility of a direct phyletic connection betweenC. quinoa and the Mexican domesticate(C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae,) cannot be excluded, available evidence indicates that the latter represents an autonomous lineage that is associated with the basal tetraploid, C. b. subsp.berlandieri, through var.sinuatum, whereas South American taxa show possible affinities to either var. zschackei or var.berlandieri. An extinct domesticate of eastern North America,C. b. subsp.jonesianum, represents either another instance of independent domestication, possibly from subsp. b. var.zschackei, or a northeastern outlier of subsp.nuttalliae.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Malalophus jensenae</Emphasis> n. g., n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the gills of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aetomylaeus vespertilio</Emphasis> (Myliobatidae) off northern Australia

Malalophus jensenae n. g., n. sp. is described from the gills of the ornate eagle ray Aetomylaeus vespertilio (Bleeker) collected off the eastern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Queensland. The new genus is similar to Heliocotyle Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1999, with which it shares a haptor bearing seven peripheral loculi and a single dorsal haptoral accessory structure. M. jensenae can be distinguished from species of Heliocotyle by the presence of numerous sclerotised sinuous ridges covering the ventral surfaces of the peripheral loculi of the haptor. It also lacks pseudosepta which are present on the haptor of Heliocotyle species. This is the first published record of a monogenean from an elasmobranch in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia.     

Chromosomal characteristics of the temperate notothenioid fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eleginops </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">maclovinus</Emphasis> (Cuvier)

The Falkland’s mullet, Eleginops maclovinus, is the only modern representative of the Sub-Antarctic family Eleginopidae, suborder Notothenioidei. Based on specimens from the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas, the Magellan Straits, and the southern coast of Chile, we have established the specific karyotype by conventional cytogenetic methods and have mapped the chromosomal loci of the ribosomal genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). With respect to the basal notothenioid family Bovichtidae and to the hypothetical basal condition of the suborder (diploid number = 48, fundamental number = 48), E. maclovinus displays a slightly derived karyotype (diploid number = 48, fundamental number = 54). In contrast to the bovichtids, the 45S and 5S ribosomal DNAs are co-localized to a single chromosome pair. Condensation of the ribosomal genes to a single locus is likely to represent an intermediate stage in the evolution of notothenioid karyology. Features unique to E. maclovinus (e.g., morphology of its large, rDNA-bearing chromosome pair) probably result from divergence during the long evolutionary isolation of the family.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aulacnema monodelphis</Emphasis> n. g., n. sp. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Angiostoma coloaense</Emphasis> n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Angiostomatidae) from terrestrial molluscs of Vietnam

Two species of nematodes, Angiostoma coloaense n. sp. and Aulacnema monodelphis n. g., n. sp. (Angiostomatidae: Rhabditida) are described from terrestrial molluscs of Vietnam. Both species are characterised by a long bowl-shaped buccal cavity and typically angiostomatid male bursal alae, spicules and gubernaculum. The new genus, Aulacnema n. g., is erected for the first reported monodelphic angiostomatid. Angiostoma coloaense n. sp. can be distinguished from other species of Angiostoma Dujardin, 1845 by having a buccal cavity length greater than its width and the absence of tail spikes on both males and females.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ty</Emphasis>1<Emphasis Type="Italic">/copia</Emphasis>- and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ty</Emphasis>3<Emphasis Type="Italic">/gypsy</Emphasis>-like DNA sequences in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helianthus </Emphasis>species

Two repeated DNA sequences isolated from a partial genomic DNA library of Helianthus annuus, p HaS13 and p HaS211, were shown to represent portions of the int gene of a Ty3 /gypsy retroelement and of the RNase-Hgene of a Ty1 /copia retroelement, respectively. Southern blotting patterns obtained by hybridizing the two probes to BglII- or DraI-digested genomic DNA from different Helianthus species showed p HaS13 and p HaS211 were parts of dispersed repeats at least 8 and 7 kb in length, respectively, that were conserved in all species studied. Comparable hybridization patterns were obtained in all species with p HaS13. By contrast, the patterns obtained by hybridizing p HaS211 clearly differentiated annual species from perennials. The frequencies of p HaS13- and p HaS211-related sequences in different species were 4.3x10(4)-1.3x10(5) copies and 9.9x10(2)-8.1x10(3) copies per picogram of DNA, respectively. The frequency of p HaS13-related sequences varied widely within annual species, while no significant difference was observed among perennial species. Conversely, the frequency variation of p HaS211-related sequences was as large within annual species as within perennials. Sequences of both families were found to be dispersed along the length of all chromosomes in all species studied. However, Ty3 /gypsy-like sequences were localized preferentially at the centromeric regions, whereas Ty1/ copia-like sequences were less represented or absent around the centromeres and plentiful at the chromosome ends. These findings suggest that the two sequence families played a role in Helianthusgenome evolution and species divergence, evolved independently in the same genomic backgrounds and in annual or perennial species, and acquired different possible functions in the host genomes.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gorgoderina festoni</Emphasis> n. sp. (Digenea: Gorgoderidae) in Anurans (Amphibia) from Mexico

Gorgoderina festoni n. sp. is described from the urinary bladder of Gastrophryne usta, Leptodactylus labialis, L. melanonotus and Bufo marinus from localities at low altitude in the states of Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guerrero and Colima, Mexico. This species differs from most other species of the genus by a combination of the following characters: lobed vitelline masses, body size 3.45–4.26 (mean 3.75) mm and sucker-ratio 1:1.3–1.52 (mean 1:1.44). The new species shares these three features with G. bilobata Rankin, 1937, G. schistorchis Steelman, 1938, G. tenua Rankin, 1937, G. vitelliloba (Olsson, 1876) and G. cryptorchis Travassos, 1924, but it differs from the first four in having gonads with entire margins. G. festoni most closely resembles G. cryptorchis, but differs from this species in body width at the level of the ventral sucker and in the absence of oesophageal glands. The autapomorphy that distinguishes G. festoni from all other members of the genus is the presence of a tegumental extension (festoon) on the external margin of the ventral sucker.