受赤霉素调节的拟南芥F-box基因筛选分析

赤霉素(Gibberellins,GAs)作为一种植物激素,对植物的生长发育具有重要调控作用,但其作用机制有待进一步完善。F-box蛋白是SCF复合体的一个亚基,通过特异性识别底物来调控植物的生长发育。本研究采用生物信息学方法,通过分析拟南芥基因芯片数据库提供的数据筛选到38个受GA调节的候选F-box基因,并对其中6个基因进行了实时荧光定量PCR验证。Plant CARE分析显示,其中30个基因的启动子区具有GA响应元件、以及IAA、ABA、光、温度干旱胁迫、或生物钟相关的顺式作用元件。通过分析Bio Grid数据库提供的相互作用对象,发现其中18个候选F-box蛋白与GA2ox1,GA3ox1和GA3ox3具有相互作用关系。基因表达谱分析表明,这些候选F-box基因在拟南芥各个组织器官中都有不同程度的表达,对IAA、ABA、光、温度干旱等胁迫或不同光周期都具有一定的响应。为深入研究GA调控植物生长发育的分子机制提供了重要线索。     

紫花苜蓿F-box蛋白基因MsFTL的克隆及功能分析

FTL(F-box Triple LRR protein)是F-box蛋白家族的成员,具有F-box保守结构域,在植物抵御逆境胁迫过程中起重要作用。本研究参考低温胁迫下紫花苜蓿转录组数据设计引物,通过RT-PCR克隆获得紫花苜蓿MsFTL基因,该基因的全长1422 bp,编码473个氨基酸。该蛋白含有1个F-box结构域及3个LRR重复。系统进化分析表明,MsFTL与蒺藜苜蓿XP_003626345.1 F-box/FBD/LRR-repeat protein亲缘关系最近。两者蛋白序列比对发现共有11个差异位点。在低温、盐、干旱以及外源ABA处理下,MsFTL基因受到诱导,表达量上调。构建植物过表达载体pCBM-MsFTL,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草。对经过抗性筛选、PCR和Real-time PCR验证的转基因植株进行低温抗性鉴定。在-4℃低温胁迫下,野生型烟草叶片出现了明显的萎蔫失水现象,而转基因烟草萎蔫程度相对较轻。生理检测结果表明,4℃处理24 h之后,转基因烟草的可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性,CAT活性高于野生型,MDA含量低于野生型。本研究表明,MsFTL基因在提高植物对低温胁迫的抗性方面具有重要的作用。     

与紫云英转脂蛋白AsE246相互作用靶蛋白的筛选及其基因表达特征

【目的】AsE246是我们首次报道的紫云英根瘤特异表达的非特异性转脂蛋白(nsLTP1:non specificlipid transfer protein 1)编码基因。本实验旨在筛选和鉴定与AsE246相互作用的宿主植物靶蛋白,并分析靶基因在共生和胁迫条件下的表达特征。【方法】利用酵母双杂交技术、小范围杂交技术及实时荧光定量PCR,筛选与AsE246的相互作用蛋白,并定量分析靶基因在结瘤与固氮过程中的时空表达特性。【结果】获取一个阳性克隆,其cDNA序列经Blast分析表明:候选靶蛋白是一个DnaJ-like蛋白,该蛋白相应基因命名为AsDJL1。AsE246与AsDJL1在酵母体内确实相互作用。AsDJL1在固氮根瘤中特异性增强表达,在NaCl胁迫下表达水平显著提高,在(NH4)2SO4胁迫下表达水平显著下降。【结论】本实验是筛选与LTP相互作用蛋白的首次报道。获得了直接的实验证据表明互作基因AsDJL1与AsE246具有高度相似的表达特征和功能,为深入研究二者的相互作用及其在共生固氮和应答环境胁迫中的调控机制,提供了一定的工作基础和理论依据。     

葡萄F-box基因VvF-box5的基因结构与表达分析

F-box蛋白广泛存在于真核生物中,主要参与细胞周期调控、凋亡及多种激素信号转导等过程;近几年发现,F-box蛋白还介导了植物对逆境胁迫的应答响应,对维持植物正常生长发育至关重要。干旱等非生物逆境胁迫严重影响了葡萄正常生长发育和果实品质,克隆并分析干旱响应基因对改良葡萄的抗性有重要意义。本研究根据葡萄干旱转录组分析结果,发现11个F-box基因在干旱胁迫下表达量明显上调;其中,Vv F-box5基因位于葡萄第19条染色体上,对干旱胁迫的响应明显高于其他F-box成员;Vv F-box5基因含有5个外显子和4个内含子,内含子均含有保守的GT…AG序列;Vv F-box5基因包含1824 bp的开放阅读框,编码607个氨基酸,氨基酸序列的N端含有1个保守的F-box结构域,C端包含1个FBD和2个LRR结构域。启动子元件分析表明,Vv F-box5基因含有多种逆境应答元件,包括GA响应元件GARE-motif、Me JA响应元件CGTCAmotif、干旱胁迫相关元件ERE、HSE和LTR、光应答顺式作用元件ACE、Box4和Sp1以及与细胞周期调节和发育相关的元件等。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在干旱、高盐、ABA和Me JA处理下,Vv F-box5基因的表达量明显升高;亚细胞定位结果显示,Vv F-box5蛋白主要定位于洋葱表皮细胞的细胞核中;Vv F-box5的过表达明显提高了转基因拟南芥在干旱处理下的成活率。另外,本研究利用原核表达系统诱导6×His-Vv F-box5融合蛋白的表达,并使用蛋白标记亲和层析柱纯化获得了6×HisVv F-box5融合蛋白,为下一步深入研究Vv F-box5的功能奠定基础。     

NaHCO3胁迫下紫杆柽柳一些基因的表达

应用差异显示技术研究了NaHCO3胁迫下紫杆柽柳(Tamarix androssowii)基因的表达.经Northern检测共获得了17个基因片段,BLASTX分析表明,有2个基因与编码F-box类蛋白家族成员的基因同源性较高(F-box蛋白的功能为调节细胞周期转变、转录调控和信号转换,在植物抗逆防御系统中起重要作用);1个基因与翻译起始因子eIF成员有高的同源性(eIF在植物和酵母的抗盐胁迫中起重要作用);2个与分泌型过氧化物酶和过氧化物酶基因同源性高的基因片段;5个与盐碱胁迫密切相关的新基因,它们在胁迫前后差异表达明显.另外7个与已知基因同源性较高或有一定相似性,它们在抗盐碱胁迫中的作用尚待研究.     

小麦F-box/Kelch类基因TaFKOR23的抗逆相关表达模式及分子互作蛋白鉴定

为了解F-box成员在小麦中响应生物和非生物逆境的表达情况及作用机制,本研究自小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系Tc Lr15中克隆了F-box基因Ta FKOR23,该基因编码一个由421个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白,N端具有F-box结构域,中间带有2个明显的Kelch结构域,属于F-box/Kelch类型基因。系统进化分析表明,Ta FKOR23与粗山羊草(AegilopstauschiiCoss.)和二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon(L.)P. Beauv.)中的F-box/Kelch-repeat protein OR23同源性均较高。利用q RTPCR对接种亲和及非亲和叶锈菌、激素处理、非生物逆境胁迫后Tc Lr15植株中该基因的表达模式进行分析。研究结果表明,Ta FKOR23基因表达受叶锈菌侵染而略升高,但在亲和与非亲和组合间的表达量无明显差异;受脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)3种激素处理后,该基因均呈先升高后降低的表达趋势,且表达量于处理后12 h达到最高,Me JA对该基因的诱导表达程度略高于SA和ABA;盐胁迫处理后,除了12 h外,Ta FKOR23整体呈现上升的表达趋势,最高表达峰出现在处理后48 h;Ta FKOR23受聚乙二醇(PEG)处理的影响较小;该基因在旗叶中的表达量远高于其他部位。利用酵母双杂交文库筛选并验证与该基因编码蛋白互作的上游靶蛋白。经文库筛选得到11类可能与Ta FKOR23互作的靶蛋白,进一步回转验证及β-半乳糖苷酶检测结果表明Ta FKOR23与小麦S-期激酶相关蛋白(Ta Skp1)、SEC1家族运输蛋白SLY1(Ta SLY1)和几丁质酶2(Ta Chitinase 2)均存在相互作用。研究结果为深入解析小麦中Kelch类F-box基因的功能及代谢网络奠定了基础,并拓宽了对植物中Kelch类F-box基因的功能认识。     

酵母双杂交筛选锥虫早老素蛋白相互作用蛋白

目的筛选寻找锥虫早老素蛋白相互作用蛋白,以了解锥虫早老素蛋白功能。方法体外表达锥虫早老素蛋白片段,装入pGBKT7诱饵质粒,与随机肽库系统共转化酵母,筛选阳性克隆并测序,通过与基因库锥虫功能序列比较,推导可能的相互作用蛋白。结果获得108个阳性克隆,对其中50个进行了序列测定和比较,获得最有可能的4个候选基因,分别为：丝/苏氨酸性磷酸酶2b催化亚基A2;钙激活蛋白,含锚蛋白重复序列蛋白以及一个具有与APP跨膜区结合位点特征序列的功能未知蛋白。结论成功利用随机肽库酵母双杂交系统筛选锥虫早老素蛋白相互作用基因,其相互作用仍有待进一步确认。     

受脱落酸调节的拟南芥F-box基因的差异表达分析

脱落酸(Abscisic acid,ABA)是一种重要的植物激素,在种子休眠的建立、种子萌发、根发育和非生物胁迫反应过程中发挥作用。F-box蛋白是E3泛素连接酶SCF复合体的组成部分,通过特异识别和调节底物蛋白水平而调控植物生长发育过程。通过分析GEO基因芯片,筛选到38个受ABA调节的拟南芥候选F-box基因。选择其中6个F-box基因,进行实时荧光定量PCR分析。研究结果与基因芯片结果基本一致。分析启动子,发现候选基因含有大量ABA、干旱和胁迫相关的顺式作用元件。分析基因表达谱,发现部分基因在保卫细胞、种皮、花粉和衰老叶片中呈现高表达;大部分基因在ABA处理、胁迫和种子吸胀过程中表达量改变显著。这些分析结果为深入研究ABA调节植物生长发育和抗逆的分子机制提供了线索。     

植物F-box基因家族的研究进展

F-box基因家族是植物中最大的基因家族之一,由于其数量巨多,根据其蛋白C末端结构域的不同被分为不同的亚家族。F-box基因编码的蛋白能够调节多种多样的生命活动,如延缓植物衰老、调控植物开花以及响应生物胁迫、干旱和盐等逆境胁迫。近年来,随着全基因组测序的不断完善,越来越多物种的F-box基因被分析鉴定出来。已经鉴定出功能的F-box基因编码的蛋白大多能够和结合蛋白Skp1、骨架蛋白Cullin 1及Rbx1形成SCF复合体,进而参与泛素-蛋白酶途径(UPP)而发挥作用;少部分F-box蛋白以非SCF复合体形式发挥作用。泛素-蛋白酶途径(UPP)是机体重要的调节机制之一,大多数细胞内蛋白都是经过这一途径降解。主要对其蛋白结构,作用途径以及生物学功能进行概述,探讨F-box基因参与的生命活动,旨为F-box的深入研究奠定基础。     

葡萄F-box基因VvF-box5基因结构与表达分析

F-box蛋白广泛存在于真核生物中,主要参与细胞周期调控、凋亡及多种激素信号转导等过程;近几年发现,F-box蛋白还介导了植物对逆境胁迫的应答响应,对维持植物正常生长发育至关重要。干旱等非生物逆境胁迫严重影响了葡萄正常生长发育和果实品质,克隆并分析干旱响应基因对改良葡萄的抗性有重要意义。本研究根据葡萄干旱转录组分析结果,发现11个F-box基因在干旱胁迫下表达量明显上调;其中,VvF-box5基因位于葡萄第19条染色体上,对干旱胁迫的响应明显高于其他F-box成员;VvF-box5基因含有5个外显子和4个内含子,内含子均含有保守的GT…AG序列;VvF-box5基因包含1824 bp的开放阅读框,编码607个氨基酸,氨基酸序列的N端含有1个保守的F-box结构域,C端包含1个FBD和2个LRR结构域。启动子元件分析表明,VvF-box5基因含有多种逆境应答元件,包括GA响应元件GARE-motif、MeJA响应元件CGTCA-motif、干旱胁迫相关元件ERE、HSE和LTR、光应答顺式作用元件ACE、Box4和Sp1以及与细胞周期调节和发育相关的原件等。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在干旱、高盐、ABA和MeJA处理下,VvF-box5基因的表达量明显升高;亚细胞定位结果显示,VvF-box5蛋白主要定位于圆葱表皮细胞的细胞核中;VvF-box5的过表达明显提高了转基因拟南芥在干旱处理下的成活率。另外,本研究利用原核表达系统诱导6×His-VvF-box5融合蛋白的表达,并使用蛋白标记亲和层析柱纯化获得了6×His-VvF-box5融合蛋白,为下一步深入研究VvF-box5的功能鉴定基础。     

Genome-wide identification and characterisation of F-box family in maize

F-box-containing proteins, as the key components of the protein degradation machinery, are widely distributed in higher plants and are considered as one of the largest known families of regulatory proteins. The F-box protein family plays a crucial role in plant growth and development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, systematic analysis of the F-box family in maize (Zea mays) has not been reported yet. In this paper, we identified and characterised the maize F-box genes in a genome-wide scale, including phylogenetic analysis, chromosome distribution, gene structure, promoter analysis and gene expression profiles. A total of 359 F-box genes were identified and divided into 15 subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. The F-box domain was relatively conserved, whereas additional motifs outside the F-box domain may indicate the functional diversification of maize F-box genes. These genes were unevenly distributed in ten maize chromosomes, suggesting that they expanded in the maize genome because of tandem and segmental duplication events. The expression profiles suggested that the maize F-box genes had temporal and spatial expression patterns. Putative cis-acting regulatory DNA elements involved in abiotic stresses were observed in maize F-box gene promoters. The gene expression profiles under abiotic stresses also suggested that some genes participated in stress responsive pathways. Furthermore, ten genes were chosen for quantitative real-time PCR analysis under drought stress and the results were consistent with the microarray data. This study has produced a comparative genomics analysis of the maize ZmFBX gene family that can be used in further studies to uncover their roles in maize growth and development.     

The evolutionarily conserved Arabidopsis thaliana F-box protein AtFBP7 is required for efficient translation during temperature stress

In eukaryotes, E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) mediate the ubiquitylation of proteins that are destined for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In SKP1/CDC53/F-box protein (SCF)-type E3 complexes, the interchangeable F-box protein confers specificity to the E3 ligase through direct physical interactions with the degradation substrate. The vast majority of the approximately 700 F-box proteins from the plant model organism Arabidopsis thaliana remain to be characterized. Here, we investigate the previously uncharacterized and evolutionarily conserved Arabidopsis F-box protein 7 (AtFBP7), which is encoded by a unique gene in Arabidopsis (At1g21760). Several apparent fbp7 loss-of-function alleles do not have an obvious phenotype. AtFBP7 is ubiquitously expressed and its expression is induced after cold and heat stress. When following up on a reported co-purification of the eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF-2) with YLR097c, the apparent budding yeast orthologue of AtFBP7, we discovered a general defect in protein biosynthesis after cold and heat stress in fbp7 mutants. Thus, our findings suggest that AtFBP7 is required for protein synthesis during temperature stress.     

The Involvement of Wheat F-Box Protein Gene TaFBA1 in the Oxidative Stress Tolerance of Plants

As one of the largest gene families, F-box domain proteins have been found to play important roles in abiotic stress responses via the ubiquitin pathway. TaFBA1 encodes a homologous F-box protein contained in E3 ubiquitin ligases. In our previous study, we found that the overexpression of TaFBA1 enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic plants. To investigate the mechanisms involved, in this study, we investigated the tolerance of the transgenic plants to oxidative stress. Methyl viologen was used to induce oxidative stress conditions. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis revealed that TaFBA1 expression was up-regulated by oxidative stress treatments. Under oxidative stress conditions, the transgenic tobacco plants showed a higher germination rate, higher root length and less growth inhibition than wild type (WT). The enhanced oxidative stress tolerance of the transgenic plants was also indicated by lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and cell membrane damage under oxidative stress compared with WT. Higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD), were observed in the transgenic plants than those in WT, which may be related to the upregulated expression of some antioxidant genes via the overexpression of TaFBA1. In others, some stress responsive elements were found in the promoter region of TaFBA1, and TaFBA1 was located in the nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane. These results suggest that TaFBA1 plays an important role in the oxidative stress tolerance of plants. This is important for understanding the functions of F-box proteins in plants’ tolerance to multiple stress conditions.     

Wheat F-box protein recruits proteins and regulates their abundance during wheat spike development

F-box proteins, components of the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF) protein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, serve as the variable component responsible for substrate recognition and recruitment in SCF-mediated proteolysis. F-box proteins interact with Skp1 through the F-box motif and with ubiquitination substrates through C-terminal protein interaction domains. F-box proteins regulate plant development, various hormonal signal transduction processes, circadian rhythm, and cell cycle control. We isolated an F-box protein gene from wheat spikes at the onset of flowering. The Triticum aestivum cyclin F-box domain (TaCFBD) gene showed elevated expression levels during early inflorescence development and under cold stress treatment. TaCFBD green fluorescent protein signals were localized in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. We used yeast two-hybrid screening to identify proteins that potentially interact with TaCFBD. Fructose bisphosphate aldolase, aspartic protease, VHS, glycine-rich RNA-binding protein, and the 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit were positive candidate proteins. The bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay revealed the interaction of TaCFBD with partner proteins in the plasma membranes of tobacco cells. Our results suggest that the TaCFBD protein acts as an adaptor between target substrates and the SCF complex and provides substrate specificity to the SCF of ubiquitin ligase complexes.     

Plant F-box Proteins – Judges between Life and Death

Selective protein degradation through the ubiquitin–26S proteasome system is a key mechanism for post-translational control of regulatory proteins in all eukaryotes. The pivotal components in this system are the multi-subunit E3 Ub-ligase enzymes responsible for specific recognition and ubiquitination of degradation targets. In this review, we focus on plant F-box proteins which confer specificity to the SCF-type E3 enzyme complexes. F-box proteins represent one of the largest and most heterogeneous superfamilies in plants, with hundreds of different representatives exposing an extensive variability of C-terminal target-binding domains, and as such, modulating almost every aspect of plant growth and development. Since the first reports on plant F-box proteins over a decade ago, a lot of progress has been made in our understanding of their relevance for plant physiology. In this review, we combine well-established knowledge with the most recent advances related to plant F-box proteins and their role in plant development, hormone signaling and defense pathways. We also elaborate on the yet poorly described carbohydrate-binding plant F-box proteins presumably targeting glycoproteins for proteasomal degradation.     

应用SSH技术研究NaHCO3胁迫下柽柳基因的表达

以NaHCO3胁迫紫杆柽柳(Tamarix androssowii)cDNA为试验方(tester),正常生长紫杆柽柳cDNA为驱动方(driver),应用SSH技术研究胁迫下柽柳基因的表达。经Northern杂交检测,共获得36个盐胁迫应答基因。Blastx分析表明,它们编码的蛋白与下列蛋白同源：抗氧化酶CAT和PRDX;海藻糖磷酸酶(trehalose phosphatase),该酶与海藻糖合成相关;多种调控蛋白,例如bZIP转录因子、MADS-box蛋白、富含甘氨酸RNA结合蛋白(glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins)、CCCH型锌指蛋白、F-box蛋白等等;早期光诱导蛋白(early light-induced protein),该蛋白可以保护和／或修复由胁迫引起的植物光合元件(photosynthetic apparatus)损伤;半胱氨酸蛋白酶(cysteine proteinase)和VPE(vacuolar processing enzyme),它们在植物细胞的死亡过程中起作用;以及脂质转移蛋白前体(lipid transfer protein precursor)、聚合泛素(polyubiquitin)、查尔酮合成酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶、NADPIDH、盐诱导S12蛋白、OEE1等蛋白。在获得的36个基因中,3个基因编码的蛋白分别与3个推定(putative)的蛋白即HAK2(K^ transporter)、钙结合蛋白和RNA结合蛋白具有同源性;同时,发现6个盐胁迫应答的新序列。上述结果提示柽柳的抗盐性可能不仅是依赖于盐腺的泌盐作用,而是一个多种抗盐途径和多基因协同作用的复杂体系。     

F-box蛋白质在植物生长发育中的功能

在真核生物中, 泛素介导的蛋白降解途径参与了许多生物学过程。SCF复合体是一种非常重要的E3泛素连接酶, 在植物中研究的最为深入。F-box蛋白包含一个F-box 基序, 是SCF复合体的一个亚基, 它决定了底物识别的特异性。目前, 从各种植物中已鉴定出大量的F-box蛋白质, 它们参与了植物激素(乙烯, 生长素, GA, JA)的信号传导以及自交不亲和、花器官发育等生物学过程, F-box蛋白还参与了植物的胁迫反应。最新研究结果显示, 一个F-box蛋白TIR1是生长素的受体。因此, F-box蛋白质介导的泛素化蛋白质降解途径可能是植物基因表达调控的重要机制。     

大豆类钙调磷酸酶B亚基GmCBL1互作候选蛋白的筛选

Ca2+是非生物胁迫信号转导途径中的重要信号分子,植物类钙调磷酸酶B亚基蛋白(CBL,calcineurin B-like proteins)是一类重要的钙信号受体蛋白,主要通过与其他蛋白的特异结合传递信号,使植物形成对非生物胁迫的响应。本实验室已经获得大豆Gm CBL1基因,功能鉴定显示Gm CBL1增强了转基因拟南芥对非生物胁迫的耐性。为了进一步研究Gm CBL1的作用机理,本研究构建诱饵载体p GBKT7::Gm CBL1,利用酵母双杂交技术筛选大豆Gm CBL1的互作蛋白。通过对筛选获得的106个蛋白基因测序和Blast比对分析,并根据其可能的生理功能对这些候选蛋白归类,整理得到4类蛋白:能量代谢相关蛋白、修饰蛋白、防御蛋白、钙信号转导相关蛋白。筛选得到候选蛋白的功能预测初步表明,大豆Gm CBL1参与多条信号途径,为进一步研究探索大豆CBL介导的抗逆信号转导途径奠定了基础。