二齿新蚤和方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种吸血习性的实验室观察

1983—1989年对二齿新蚤和方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种几种吸血习性进行了实验观察。1.新羽化蚤吸血蚤百分率与羽化后时间呈直线正相关。二齿新蚤至30小时左右,方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种至40小时左右,吸血蚤百分率约达90%,相当于繁殖蚤。2.蚤同宿主接触5分钟内即有部份吸血。接触半小时吸血蚤数最多,半小时至1小时吸血蚤数减少,也有少部份蚤至1小时尚未吸血。3.吸血蚤与未吸血蚤均可留于宿主体上,亦均能随时离开宿主体。     

二齿新蚤和方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种侵袭与离开宿主习性的实验研究

本文对二齿新蚤和方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种侵袭与离开宿主的习性进行了实验研究,结果：(1)蚤攻击宿主距离平均在2cm以内,最大攻击距离不超过10cm。在有效侵袭范围内,蚤与宿主距离近时较距离远时吸血蚤数增多。(2)蚤对宿主的侵袭程度雌蚤大于雄蚤,繁殖蚤大于新羽化蚤,二齿新蚤大于方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种,对小白鼠大于对达乌尔黄鼠。(3)宿主死后一定时间内,仍有部份蚤侵袭其尸体。 死亡时间越长侵袭蚤数越少,呈logY=a-blogX型曲线。(4)蚤离开宿主时间呈偏态分布,温度越高偏态分布越明显。蚤离开死鼠和离开活鼠所需时间很接近。 二齿新蚤和方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种离开宿主时间几乎相同。二种蚤离开宿主平均时间与环境温度呈负相关,且呈曲线关系。     

二齿新蚤和方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种成虫在不同条件下寿命的观察

<正> 研究蚤的寿命在医学上具有重要意义。作者于1985～1987年研究了二齿新蚤Neopsylla bidentiformis(Wagner)和方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种Citellophilus tesquorum sungaris(Jordan)在不同条件下的寿命,报道如下。     

脂肪酸气相色谱图鉴别方形黄鼠蚤各亚种的初步研究

方形黄鼠蚤４个亚种在脂肪酸组分和百分含量上具有明显不同,其中雌虫在１８个组分上有区别雄虫在１４个组分上有区别。此外,雌虫在Ｃ１６：１和Ｃ２０：０的含量上,雄虫在Ｃ１６：１的含量上,４个亚种之间均具有显著性差异。在Ｃ１２－Ｃ２２区间内有９个含量较高的主要组分,是４个亚种所共有的。方形黄鼠蚤在我国境内分布有４个亚种即松江亚种、蒙古     

元素分析法用于方形黄鼠蚤亚种分类

元素分析法用于方形黄鼠蚤亚种分类王善青,吴厚永,盛世淑,金人慈,强亚萍山西医学院,山西省太原市０３０００１军事医学科学院,北京１０００７１山西省轻工业学校,山西省太原市０３０Ｏ１３关键词黄鼠蚤;亚种分类;元素分析法;Ｎ／Ｃ比目前医学昆虫的分类鉴定仍主...     

蚤类在宿主体表的分布及温度和蚤数的关系

本文研究了方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种Citellophilus tesquorum sungaris和二齿新蚤Neopsylla bidentatiformis在小白鼠体表的分布及环境温度和体表蚤数的关系.结果证明,在各种温度下,鼠背部蚤数均多于腹部.5℃时,鼠前部蚤数多于后部;10—20℃时,前部与后部蚤数相近;25—40℃时,后部蚤数多于前部.鼠后背部蚤数随温度升高而增多,前腹部蚤数随温度升高而减少;温度越高二者之差越大,说明温度越高蚤越向后背部集中.鼠体蚤数较少时,背部与腹部,前部与后部,蚤数差别明显;鼠体蚤数过多时,各部位蚤数无大差别.     

两种蚤在宿主体表分布的聚集度

在８种温度下,方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种和二齿新蚤在鼠体上呈聚集分布,且聚集度呈两端高,中间低。当温度在１７～２０℃时,聚集度发生改变。蚤数量在约１００只时,两种蚤的聚集度的相关极为显著（ｒ＝０．９８８５,Ｐ＝０．０００１）。对４种聚集度指数,建议只需考虑某一种即可。     

哈尔滨郊区人为鼠疫疫源地蚤类种群动态分析

1982～1999年对黑龙江省哈尔滨郊区人为鼠疫疫源地达乌尔黄鼠Spermophilus dauricus巢蚤、体蚤、洞干蚤指数和染蚤率进行了调查和分析。共获蚤9种,其中方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种Citellophius tesquorum sungaris是优势种(89.39%),其次为二齿新蚤Neopsylla bidentatiformis (10.37%)。3类蚤指数、染蚤率的均值差异均显著(P<0.01)。巢蚤与体蚤指数相关显著(P<0.05)。巢蚤指数∶体蚤指数∶洞干蚤指数≈650∶140∶1; 巢染蚤率∶体染蚤率∶洞干染蚤率≈165∶88∶1。     

二齿新蚤的吸血活动

本文在实验室内研究了二齿新蚤吸血活动与环境温度、蚤龄、性别的关系。实验证明,幼蚤吸血最适温度为25℃左右,该温度下吸血率最高;成蚤在各种温度下,吸血率均接近100%。成蚤吸血率高于幼蚤。幼蚤雌蚤吸血率高于雄蚤,成蚤吸血率雄雌均接近100%。蚤吸血量与吸血时温度无关,威蚤吸血量大于幼蚤。雌蚤吸血量大于雄蚤。蚤的血液消化速度,高温时较低温时为快。在温度25℃以下时,成蚤消化速度较幼蚤为快;30℃以上时,成蚤与幼蚤消化速度相近。消化速度与性别无关。     

高温对方形黄鼠蚤各发育期生存发育的影响

本文报告了方形黄鼠蚤松江亚种各发育期半数致死高温(TD_(50))的测定及经1小时高温处理后各期的生存发育情况。试验测得各发育期的TD_(50)分别为:卵期37.49℃;三龄幼虫期37.69℃;茧蛹期39.32℃;成虫期雌虫40.81℃、雄虫41.03℃。卵鞠、三龄幼虫期、茧蛹期经39～40℃处理1小时,对其孵化、化蛹结茧和羽化过程有显著危害,但对发育期限无影响。     

基于16s rRNA序列的新蚤属二齿新蚤种团部分种类的分子系统发育关系

通过比较线粒体基因组16s rRNA基因片段的差异,研究了分布于我国的二齿新蚤种团(bidentatiformis group)7种新蚤的分子系统发育关系,以斯氏新蚤种团的特新蚤作为外群。结果显示,其中5个种 (Neopsylla bidentatiformis、N. mana、N. pleski、N. teratura和N. hongyangensis) 的种间序列差异小于1%,变异水平和种内变异相当,显示了它们之间较近的亲缘关系;N. abagaitui和上述5种之间有约4%的变异,说明该种有较长的分化历史。来自两个地区的二齿新蚤4个样本间有两种不同的基因型,而红羊新蚤可以归入其中的一种。加上形态特征的特点,可以认为红羊新蚤不应该属于毛新蚤种团,而属于二齿新蚤种团;至于其是否为二齿新蚤的同种异名,还有必要做进一步的研究。另外,N. siboi和形态近缘种N. teratura之间存在20%的变异,其原因有待进一步研究。     

Diversity of Fleas (Siphonaptera), Vectors of Plague Pathogens: the Flea Citellophilus tesquorum (Wagner, 1898), a Parasite of Ground Squirrels of the Genus Spermophilus

Entomological Review - This paper presents the results of analysis of the taxonomic diversity, distribution, and host associations of the flea species recorded so far as the plague microbe vectors....     

黄鼠体蚤和宿主密度的年间动态关系

根据内蒙古自治区正镶白旗乌宁巴图苏木1981-1993年达乌尔黄鼠Citellus dauricus密度和体蚤指数监测资料进行分析,得到如下结果。共检体蚤10种,其中方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种Citelloilus tesquorum mongoJicus(72.38%)和光亮额蚤Fronto Psylla luculenta(18.03%)分别为优势和次优势蚤种,阿巴盖新蚤Neopsylla abagaitui、二齿新蚤Neopsylla bidentatifor-mis为常见种,余为少见种。宿主密度与蚤指数均呈指数增长,鼠密度与蚤指数的关系是极为显著的(P<0.0001),关系为鼠密度＝exp(-0.6206十0.1989t),蚤指数＝1.6109+0.8997(鼠密度)。方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种比例的高低显著地影响体蚤的多样性和均匀性.宿主 密度与染蚤率呈正相关关系(P相似文献   

The Ability of the Fleas Citellophilus tesquorum and Frontopsylla luculenta luculenta (Siphonaptera,Ceratophyllidae) to Survive Below-Zero Temperatures during Winter

Entomological Review - This comparative study addresses survivorship of the fleas Citellophilus tesquorum and Frontopsylla luculenta from five natural populations in Siberia at below-zero...     

黄鼠洞干蚤和宿主密度的年间动态关系

根据内蒙古自治区正镶白旗乌宁巴图苏木1981～1993年达乌尔黄鼠Citellus dauriCUS密度和洞干蚤指数监测资料进行分析,得到如下结果。共检洞干蚤9种,其中方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种Citellophilus tesquorum mongolicus (66.0%)为优势蚤种,光亮额蚤Frontopsylla lu-culenta(23.6%)为次优势蚤种,阿巴盖新蚤Neopsylla abagaitui和二齿新蚤N。Bidentatifor-mis为常见种,余为少见种。鼠密度与洞干蚤指数关系显著(PPP<0.05),关系为洞干蚤指数=0.2709+0.0504体蚤指数。洞干蚤和巢蚤指数的关系是显著的(P<0.07),关系为洞干蚤指数＝0.27652+0.00348巢蚤指数。三种蚤指数之间有如下近似 关系：巢蚤指数：体蚤指数：洞干蚤指数：100：10：1。     

Chemodiversity and Antiproliferative Activity of the Essential Oil of Schinus molle Growing in Jordan

The leaves and unripe and fully‐grown fruits of Schinus molle were collected from three geographical regions of Jordan: Amman (the Mediterranean), Madaba (Irano‐Turanean), and Sahab (Saharo‐Arabian). The hydrodistilled volatile oils of fresh and dried leaves and fruits were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The actual composition of the emitted volatiles was determined using Solid Phase Micro‐Extraction (SPME). α‐ and β‐Phellandrenes were the major components in all the analyzed samples. Quantitative differences were observed in the obtained essential oils (0.62–5.25 %). Additionally, cluster analysis was performed. Biologically, the antiproliferative activity of the essential oil, ethanol, and water extracts of the fruits and leaves was screened on Caco2, HCT116, MCF7, and T47D cell lines. The essential oil and ethanol extracts exhibited a dose‐dependent inhibition of cell growth with IC₅₀ ranging between 21 and 65 μg/mL. The water extract did not exhibit any antiproliferative activity against the investigated cell lines.     

Host influence on the frequency of block formation in males and females of Citellophilus tesquorum altaicus Ioff, 1936 (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) and transmission the plague pathogen by these fleas

Data obtained during feeding of Citellophilus tesquorum aitaicus Ioff, 1936 infested females and males (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), the main vectors of plague in Tuva natural plague locus, on the natural host and laboratory animal was analyzed. It was found that sexual differences in fleas depended on the type of the host. Females fed more actively on the longtailed ground Citellus undulatus than on white mouse. Alimentary activity of males on these animals was similar. Higher mortality of fed females and males was noted during feeding on mice. Frequency of formation of the "block" and transmission of the pathogen in males was higher during bloodsucking on the ground squirrel; in females, during feeding on mice. Thus, differences in the transmission of the plague pathogen, revealed in laboratory on white mice, can be quite different in nature. So, extrapolation of experimental data on natural processes of interrelations between plague pathogen and ectoparasites must be performed taking into account revealed peculiarities.     

The influence of the host on the frequency of block formation in males and females of Citellophilus tesquorum altaicus Ioff, 1936 (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) and transmission of the plague pathogen by these fleas

Data obtained during feeding of infested females and males of Citellophilus tesquorum altaicus Ioff, 1936 (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), the main vector of plague in Tuva natural plague focus, on the natural hosts and on laboratory animals were analyzed. Sexual differences in fleas were found to depend on the host. Females fed more actively on longtailed ground squirrels Spermophilus undulatus than on white mice. The feeding activity of males on the two hosts did not differ. A higher mortality of infested females and males was observed during feeding on mice. The frequency of block formation and pathogen transmission in males was higher during bloodsucking on the ground squirrel; in females, during feeding on mice. Thus, sex-related differences in the plague pathogen transmission revealed in laboratory white mice may be not the same in nature. This should be taken into account when extrapolating the experimental data on the natural relations between the plague pathogen and ectoparasites.