中西古典园林艺术之比较

园林艺术是人们艺术思想的实质体现,不同的自然条件和社会因素造就了中西方不同的古典园林艺术,形成了各具特色的古典园林,多层次的古典园林设计也凝聚了丰富的文化内涵。本文对中西方古典园林艺术进行了对比分析,找出了造成中西古典园林艺术的公共性与差异性,希望对古典园林艺术文化的后续发展传承提供艺术启迪。     

文化遗产类历史园林植物景观保护与修复——以国际公约及国内外实践为切入点

针对历史园林遗产中植物景观保护面临的现存问题,从国际公约方面着手分析,指出中国古典园林营造修复的要点与相关国际宪章之间的差异,尤其是如何对待历史园林“真实性”的问题。并借助欧洲、美国、日本与中国相关案例研究,论述国内外在该方面研究实践的共性、差异及其成因。最后在分析国际同行经验基础上,结合中国历史文化背景,总结并提出了可供中国园林遗产保护与修复工作参考的经验及思想。     

颐和园美山湖石

颐和园位于名园荟萃的北京西郊风景区,距城区15公里,是一座风光绮丽的古典园林。该园集中了我国古典园林的优秀传统,充分体现了我国园林的独特风格,成为东方古典造园艺术的典范。其规模之大,建筑之伟、设计之妙、景观之美均居全国园林之首,世界罕见,在世界园林史上也独树一帜,被誉为“世界园林之冠”。颐和园不仅以绮丽的风景和名胜古迹吸引游人,园中的湖山秀石还包含着富有情趣的地学奥秘。     

东方园林的神韵园中石

早在1000多年前,唐代的王维在陕西蓝田建造的“辋川别业”,白居易在江西建的“庐山草堂”,乃至以后的宋、元、明、清数百年中,除帝王园林有竭尽豪华之外,私家园林却也形成了自然、朴雅的东方园林格调。我们从众多的古诗、古画,及少许仅存的古典园林中,不难体会到其中无穷的逸趣。凡是来过中国、日本等亚洲各国的旅行家们,他们无不承认东方各国的花园似乎都一脉相承,流传着或多或少东方古国——中国的韵味。20世纪初,英国植物学家威尔松(E.H.Wilson)(1876—1930)就曾撰写出版过《中国——园林的母亲》一书,从而让世人更清楚地了解到中国园…     

思维导图模型在分子生物学教学环节中的应用

“分子生物学”是中医院校为医学生开设的专业基础课,课程特征是逻辑性强、核心概念多、生物过程复杂。为加强学生对教学内容的理解和应用,培养学生高阶思维能力,我们探索了将思维导图模型融入教学的课前、课中、课后3个环节中：通过“九宫分析法”模型提出教学问题、“六顶思考帽”模型创新课堂教学及“金字塔原理”模型复盘教学内容帮助学生构建思考力闭环。以相关知识内联和发散为指导思想,通过思维可视化加强学生对知识点的理解。根据问卷调查,有91%的同学认为思维导图模型的应用是一种有效的教学方法,可实现提高课堂效率、提升教学效果的目的,有76%的同学尝试将这种方法用于其他课程的学习,认为对个体思考力的提高有帮助。据此,思维导图模型应用于教学环节对培养学生高阶思维能力有重要意义,为高校课程教学提供一种新思路。     

批量制作染色体模型用于区域教学实践

利用制作染色体臂的新技术“一种染色体模型以及用于制作中着丝粒染色体模型的刀模”为基础,尝试以卡纸、不锈钢染色体臂模型刀模、电动A4型号压花机为制作工具,批量生产统一卡纸染色体臂。教师指导学生组装染色体模型。结合区域集团化合作互助教学模式,使每位学生都拥有一整套染色体模型,实现对大概念“遗传信息控制生物性状,并代代相传”的学习,促进学生生物学学科核心素养的提升,促进区域教育平衡发展。     

盆栽和方池——东南亚园林的印度线索

本文以东南亚园林中的两个常见元素—盆栽和方池为例,呈现了印度文明对东南亚园林的影响。在此基础上,通过案例呈现了东南亚园林的宗教和哲学内涵以及相应的常见造园手法。以此指出,东南亚园林不只是对中国、欧洲园林的模仿,其园林设计受印度影响较大,且有一以贯之的逻辑,并能够承载深刻的思想内涵     

唐宋岭南州府园林的公共性探析

现存于岭南地区的惠州西湖、潮州西湖、雷州西湖、端州（肇庆）星湖、邕州（南宁）南湖、桂州（桂林）西湖和榕杉湖等都是基于城市格局和山水尺度营造的风景园林。这些风景园林和所在州府城市的发展紧密联系,并且集中于唐宋时期生成,刘管平先生将其归纳为岭南州府园林。从公共性本身的视角出发,主要集中于管治、使用2个主要方面来考察岭南州府园林的公共性,从而揭示了在唐宋特定历史时期,岭南州府园林的4个公共性特征,并进一步指出这一类公共园林作为一种“古典公共园林”而存在。     

清初苏州园林涧上草堂钩沉

涧上草堂是明末清初苏州地区由明代遗民徐枋所构建的古典园林。明清易代之际,很多明朝文人士大夫不愿出仕新朝并自愿成为明遗民,成为清初一大特殊社会现象,对这一特殊群体所构建的园林进行研究,可以在一定程度上丰富中国的古典园林史。通过分析画作与历史文献,对涧上草堂的原址、各园林要素以及园林后期的发展3个方面进行研究,得出草堂的平面想象图并概括涧上草堂的历史价值,力图推进在明末清初这一过渡时间段古典园林研究与发展的深度。     

基于中国地景文化的“山水形胜”营建手法研究

基于中国地景文化的“山水形胜”营建手法，存在历史递进与发展过程。通过对其营建手法“笼山水为苑”等诸多经典词条的内容释读，语义分析，举证“隋代麟游仁寿宫（唐九成宫）”等不同特征的典型案例。运用案例类比法，进行类比解析。其营建思想起源于中国羲皇时代，发展于中国古典园林营造的各个历史时期，并具有各个历史阶段的脉络特点。从中国西北园林到北方皇家园林及西藏的布达拉宫，无不受其影响。在人工工程营建中，由地景特征所决定的轴线对位布局手法，使因藉自然思想内涵得到不断的发展与提升。此研究对现代风景园林规划设计仍具有十分重要的现实意义与参考价值。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.