代谢工程在微生物法生产番茄红素中的应用

番茄红素作为强抗氧化剂因具有防癌与抗癌等多种生理功能而广受关注。本文综述了代谢工程在微生物法生产番茄红素中的应用,主要讨论了代谢工程方法在扩展构建新的代谢流、增强番茄红素合成代谢流,阻断竞争支路来提高番茄红素代谢流等方面的应用。     

菌体形态对发酵法生产番茄红素的影响

菌体形态是影响霉菌代谢的重要因素。主要考察了煤油和不同表面活性剂对三孢布拉氏霉菌菌体形态及番茄红素合成能力的影响。结果表明:当添加煤油和triton-X100形成菌丝球时,该菌丝形态不利于物质的传递,细胞合成番茄红素的能力无明显变化。而当添加水溶性表面活性剂span-20时,形成粗、短分散型的菌丝体,强化了传质,促进了番茄红素的合成,番茄红素生产能力提高了近3倍。     

添加氧载体及表面活性剂对番茄红素发酵的影响*

通过添加氧载体(正十二烷、正己烷、过氧化氢),有效改善发酵体系中的氧传递速率,从而促进了三孢布拉氏霉菌合成番茄红素的能力。实验结果表明,在第0d加入1.0%的正己烷、正十二烷时番茄红素的生成量分别提高了25.32%、72.84%,在第1d,添加50μL/100mL过氧化氢时番茄红素的生成量提高了40.35%,在加入正十二烷的同时,再加入表面活性剂Triton-x100,Tween20,Tween80,Span-20等,可使番茄红素的产量最多提高114.83%。     

番茄红素的生物学性质

番茄红素是有效的生物抗氧化剂,其淬灭单线态氧与清除过氧基自由基能力很强。番茄红素可强烈抑制某些肿瘤细胞生长,保护机体对抗射线照射与细菌侵染。流行病学研究表明番茄红素可降低一些慢性病,如癌症与冠心病发病率。番茄及其制品是番茄红素主要来源。血浆中ＬＤＬ是番茄红素的主要载体。血浆番茄红素的水平受年龄、血浆胆固醇、饮食摄入及婚姻状况影响。人体组织中肝、肾上腺与睾丸的番茄红素水平较高。     

八氢番茄红素脱氢酶的研究进展北大核心CSCD

类胡萝卜素是一类超过700种的萜烯基团类不饱和化合物的总称,根据结构可分为胡萝卜素族和叶黄素族,具有较高的营养价值。八氢番茄红素脱氢酶是类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中的首要限速酶,它参与催化无色的八氢番茄红素转变成有色类胡萝卜素,发挥着中心调控作用。不同生物源的八氢番茄红素脱氢酶在功能上呈现多样性,在大多数蓝细菌,藻类和高等植物的类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中,由Crt P,Crt Q和异构酶Crt H或PDS,ZDS和异构酶Z-ISO、Crt ISO共同参与番茄红素的形成,而在大多数微生物中只有Crt I-type一种酶来完成八氢番茄红素的脱氢反应,且根据脱氢步骤的不同分别可生成链孢红素、番茄红素或脱氢番茄红素。本文阐述了不同生物源八氢番茄红素脱氢酶的基因分离与鉴定,功能多样性及表达调控机制等最新研究进展,并进行了进化分析,为八氢番茄红素脱氢酶的深入研究及利用基因工程策略生产类胡萝卜素的应用提供重要信息。     

发酵法生产制备番茄红素的工艺研究

番茄红素是一种类胡萝卜素，存在于多种果蔬中，具有较好的抗氧化、抗衰老、提高免疫力等功能，被广泛应用于医药、食品、化妆品等领域。然而，传统的提取方法番茄红素产量低、成本高且受制于原料来源，化学合成法存在安全隐患。微生物发酵法因具有工艺简单、生产效率高、生物活性与天然植物提取物一致等优点，逐渐受到关注。基于此，以番茄红素产量为响应值，在单因素实验的基础上利用响应面法优化代谢控制条件，考察正负菌株接种比例、代谢流抑制剂和外源性植物油对番茄红素产量的影响。结果表明，最优条件为三孢布拉氏霉菌负正菌株接种比例6∶1，番茄红素环化酶抑制剂2,6-二甲基吡啶添加量0.09 g·L-1，以3.57 g·L-1大豆油为外源性植物油辅助发酵，在该最优条件下发酵液中的番茄红素产量达1.51 g·L-1，菌体生物量51 g·L-1。研究结果显著提高了发酵菌体生物量，促进了番茄红素的生物合成转化率，为番茄红素的工业化生产提供了理论基础。     

添加氧载体及表面活性剂对番茄红素发酵的影响

通过添加氧载体（正十二烷、正己烷、过氧化氰）,有效改善发酵体系中的氧传递速率,从而促进了三孢布拉氏霉菌合成番茄红素的能力。实验结果表明,在第0d加入1．0％的正已烷、正十二烷时番茄红素的生成量分别提高了25．32％、72．84％,在第1d,添加50μL/100mL过氧化氢时番茄红素的生成量提高了40．35％,在加入正十二烷的同时,再加入表面活性剂Trilorl—x100,Tween20,Tween80,Span-20等,可使番茄红素的产量最多提高114．83％．     

浅谈番茄红素的生理功能

番茄红素（ｌｙｃｏｐｅｎｅ）是一种重要的类胡萝卜素,它广泛存在于水果及蔬菜中,在番茄、杏、番石榴、西瓜、番木瓜、红葡萄中均含有较多的番茄红素,其中尤以番茄中的含量为最高。通常人们通过饮食获取番茄红素,且８０％是通过食用番茄及其加工品而获得的。番茄红素由碳、氢两种元素构成,它的分子式为Ｃ４０Ｈ５０。由于番茄红素分子中没有β紫罗酮环的结构,故它没有维生素Ａ原的功能,因此,长期以来人们一直认为它不具有类胡萝卜素的生理活性。然而,最近的研究表明,番茄红素的抗氧化性能是天然类胡萝卜素中最强的,它的独特的…     

产番茄红素基因工程菌的研究进展

番茄红素是一种重要的类胡萝卜素,具有许多生物功能和生物活性,尤其在保护人类健康方面起着重要的作用。随着番茄红素生物合成途径的阐明及其相关基因的克隆,运用基因工程手段调控番茄红素的合成已经成为可能。本文首先综述了番茄红素生物合成途径及合成途径中相关基因的克隆,然后对近年来构建的番茄红素基因工程菌进行了全面的总结,包括：运用DNA重组技术使异源微生物大肠杆菌、酵母等生产番茄红素,以及通过过表达特定基因从而提高霉菌等产番茄红素的量,最后分析了改造过程中存在的主要问题,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

番茄红素调控肠道菌群对健康影响的研究进展北大核心

番茄红素(lycopene)在番茄中含量丰富,具有多种功能活性和营养价值,探讨番茄红素调控肠道菌群对健康的影响有助于深入理解番茄红素的健康效应和作用机制。本文综述了番茄红素的理化性质及其消化、吸收、代谢,重点阐述了番茄红素对宿主肠道菌群种类、数量和代谢产物的影响,以及在番茄红素调控作用下肠道菌群对宿主炎症、心血管疾病、非酒精性脂肪肝和癌症发展的干预作用。该综述为未来番茄营养探索及产品开发提供了思路和方向。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.