羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)部分脏器特点的观察

本文对2只羚牛的雌性生殖器官及肝、肾、脾等脏器进行了形态描述,并与黄牛及羊的相应器官进行了比较,为探讨羚牛的分类地位提供了解剖学资料。     

Structural changes in the granulosa lutein cells of pregnant cows between 60 and 245 days.

The structural changes in the granulosa lutein cells in the pregnant cows between 60 and 245 days, were observed. The polyhedral or pump cells has an acidophilic cytoplasm around the spherical nucleus. The glycogen granules increased in number up to 230 days of pregnancy. The lipid globules increased in size and amount during advanced pregnancy. The mitochondria showed a wide range of variations in shape and size. The matrix of many mitochondria contained dense inclusions which replaced the entire matrix in late pregnancy. The endoplasmic reticulum was chiefly of smooth type but a few stacks of the rough variety could be seen in the early days of pregnancy. Sometimes, whorls of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum enclosing mitochondria were seen. The Golgi complex was fully developed in the granulosa cells of all cases studied. The dense granules and lipid globules increased in size and number in the older corpora lutea. The cell surface showed numerous infolding of the plasma membrane.     

A visualization method for multi-relation in dataset

To express the multi-relation in complex dataset, proposed a fast visualization method based on the continuous Catmull–Rom curve. The method expresses the entity data and the taxonomic relation in dataset using the hypergraph. The nodes are designed to represent the entity data in dataset. The hyperedge is introduced to link all the relative nodes in one multi-relation. The hyperedge can be visualized by the curve style or the regional style according to different requirements. The nodes in one hyperedge are linked by a continuous curve in curve style, while all the nodes are surrounded by one closed region in regional style. The Catmull–Rom algorithm is adopted to produce the continuous curve between the adjacent nodes in curve style. The nodes are regarded as the control points in the interpolating processing of Catmull–Rom algorithm. The peripheral points are obtained by extending along the tendency line of the hyperedge in regional style. The closed curve connecting these peripheral points forms a closed region expressing the hyperedge. The color selected to stain the hyperedge based on color wheel. The selected colors for each hyperedge can maximize the visual differentiation in the processing of coloring each hyperedge. The experimental results denoted that the method can achieve the intuitive and accurate expression for the multi-relation in complex dataset. The method can visualize the common scale dataset the in real time.     

严重缺碘对体质及遗传性状影响的研究

对严重缺碘地区一个容貌特殊,身材较矮,智力低下的人群进行了体质特征及遗传性状的研究,并与国内有关本地区的调查资料进行了对照,提出人类体质特征和遗传性状除与人种、地理环境异同直接相关外,人体不可缺少的微量元素的摄入水平在一定程度上对其也产生影响。并且认为同一人种、民族居住同一地理位置所产生的体质差异应从水文、地质、生活方式、生活水平的不同进行综合分析。     

Regional and Subcellular Distribution in Mammalian Brain of the Enzymes Producing Adenosine

The activities of 5'-nucleotidase, 2'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase were measured in rat and autopsied human brains. The four phosphatases in the rat brain showed little change in activity after death. The activities of adenosine-producing enzymes were compared in various parts of rat and human brains. When phosphatase activity was measured at pH 7.5, 5'-nucleotidase showed the highest activity in the most parts of the brain. The activity of 2'-nucleotidase and that of nonspecific phosphatase were almost the same at pH 7.5. However, higher phosphatase activity was observed in all parts of the brain when nonspecific phosphatase activity was measured at pH 10.0 or 5.5. High specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase in the brain was detected in the membranous components, especially in the synaptic membranes. The activity of 2'-nucleotidase was distributed in the soluble and synaptosomal fractions. The highest activity of both alkaline and acid phosphatases was recovered in the crude mitochondrial fraction, with the highest specific activity in the microsomal fraction. Phosphatase activity was distributed widely in the rat brain. The activity of 5'-nucleotidase was high in the medulla oblongata, thalamus, and hippocampus, but low in the peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and occipital lobe. The activity of 2'-nucleotidase was high in the vermis and frontal lobe. The highest acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were detected in the frontal lobe and in the olfactory bulb, respectively. The distribution of the four phosphatases in the autopsied human brain was similar to that in the rat brain. The highest 5'-nucleotidase activity was observed in the temporal lobe and thalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

大鼠动情周期中生殖轴系微循环血量的变化

本文采用放射性生物微球技术,对雌性大鼠动情周期中丘脑下部-垂体-卵巢轴系的微循环血量进行了测量。结果指出,周期各期丘脑下部和垂体的血流量无显著差异(p>0.05)。卵巢血流量在动情后期最大,动情期最小,两期血流量的差异显著(p<0.02)。子宮血流量以动情后期最大,间情期仍维持在较高水平,动情期最小。动情后期和间情期与动情期比较均有显著差异(分别为p<0.01和P<0.05)。输卵管血流量动情期最大,动情前期最小,两期血流量的差异也有显著性(p<0.05)。由此表明,卵巢、子宫和输卵管血流量有明显的周期性波动。血流量的多寡与其生理机能状态和性激素的变化有关。     

Ocular Correlates of Inborn Metabolic Defects

The eye provides unique opportunities for the detection, during life, of deposits of storage substances and other characteristic changes resulting from inborn metabolic defects. The cornea shows the macromolecular polysaccharides of Hurler''s disease, the cystine crystals in cystinosis, and the copper deposits of Wilson''s disease. The sclera shows characteristic pigmentation in alcaptonuria. The iris shows the lack of pigmentation in various types of albinism. The lens is cataractous in galactosemia and dislocated in homocystinuria. The vitreous is opacified in familial amyloidosis. The retina shows different and characteristic deposits with the diseases of Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, metachromatic leukodystrophy, and Farber''s lipogranulomatosis. The retinal veins show pronounced tortuosity with Fabry''s disease. There is some evidence that optic neuropathy occurs in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Curiously, few abnormalities in the eye have been described in subjects with the glycogen storage diseases.     

C3、C4和CAM途径的生态学意义

本文通过C_3,C_4和CAM植物在不同环境中的分布,从3个方面阐述了这3种碳同化途径在利用环境资源时的生态学意义——资源分隔: 1.光合途径的空间分异:(1)不同光合类型植物的气候带(水平和垂直带)和地理区域分布;(2)不同光合类型植物在微环境中的分布。 2.光合途径的时间分异。 3.光合途径在资源分隔中的重叠。     

甘草根中甘草酸的免疫组织化学定位研究

应用免疫组织化学定位和HPLC分析方法,对人工种植乌拉尔甘草根中的甘草酸分布和积累变化规律进行分析,以阐明药用甘草根在发育过程中甘草酸的积累变化规律,探讨甘草药材质量形成的内在机制。结果表明:(1)甘草酸主要分布在根的次生韧皮部薄壁细胞和维管射线细胞中,且主要积累在这些细胞的细胞壁上。(2)HPLC分析显示,主根的韧皮部中甘草酸含量最高,其次是木质部,根皮中含量最少。(3)甘草酸在主根中的含量随着生长年限的增加而提高,2、3年生甘草根中甘草酸含量上升较快,3年后甘草酸的含量达到3.66%,超过了国家药典规定的甘草酸含量标准。     

Synthesis, secretion, and proteolytic degradation of diphtheria toxin in Escherichia coli]

The recombinant plasmids have been constructed encoding the synthesis of a full-sized diphtheria toxin from its own or PR, PL-promoters of bacteriophage lambda in Escherichia coli cells. The high level constitutive synthesis of toxin results in slow cell growth and plasmid elimination. The toxin was mainly detected in the periplasm, partially in the membrane and to a less extent in the cytoplasm and culturing medium. The dimeric form of toxin was found in the cytoplasm. Participation of toxin B-subunit in secreting of the toxin into culturing medium is discussed. Proteolytic degradation of the synthesized toxin in different Escherichia coli strains was demonstrated. The process takes place in cytoplasm and periplasm mainly. The main enzyme participating in the process is a La-protease. The data on proteolysis obtained by immunoprecipitation immunoblotting, affinity chromatography and in mini-cells of Escherichia coli are summarized.     

Histological, histometrical and fluoride electrode studies of the effects of fluoride on the mandibular condyles in growing newborn rats

The effects of fluoride on the mandibular condyles in growing newborn rats were studied by histological, histometrical and fluoride electrode methods. The layer of cartilage of the mandibular condyle in the animals administered 5, 15, 25 and 35 mg/kg of fluoride for 3 weeks displayed a significant increase in thickness when compared with that of the mandibular condyle in the control animals. The thickening of the cartilage layer was proportioned to the amounts of fluoride administered. The volumetric density of cancellous bone of the condyle in the animals administered 25 and 35 mg/kg of fluoride also increased significantly when compared with that of the condyle in the control animals. The trabeculae of cancellous bone of the condyle in these animals contained large amounts of osteoid. The cancellous bone of the condyle in the animals of the four fluoride groups showed a significantly higher fluoride concentration when compared with that of the condyle in the control animals. The fluoride concentration proportionally increased with the amounts of fluoride administered. The results of the present study indicate that the morphologic changes and the fluoride concentrations in the mandibular condyles of rats receiving fluoride were closely correlated with each other.     

Lid formation in the fruitlets of the genus Potamogeton

The examination of lid development in drupes which represent four sections of the genus Potamogeton is presented. Lids are present in all the studied fruitlets. The lid is an atypical structure for drupes. There are interspecific differences in the shape of the mature dehiscence layers of the lids. The dehiscence layers develop centrifugally in the Potamogeton pericarps. The Potamogeton fruitlets open by the pressure developed from the germinating embryo. The splitting of the pericarp takes place through two regions of mechanically weak layers with small pectin rich walled cells. The fruitlet opening mechanisms in the different Potamogeton sections are similar.     

许昌市2009—2013年麻疹流行病学特征和监测系统运转状况分析

目的分析许昌市2009—2013年麻疹流行特征和监测系统运转状况,为加速消除麻疹制定策略及措施提供科学依据。方法利用描述性流行病学方法对许昌市2009—2013年麻疹监测系统资料进行统计分析。结果许昌市2009—2013年累计报告麻疹病例675例,年均报告发病率为3.16/10万。全市8个县、市区均有病例报告,病例数主要集中在禹州市,占总病例数的55.56%;发病呈明显的季节性分布,主要集中在2—5月份,占总病例数的73.48%;病例主要集中于0~6岁儿童,占总病例数的85.63%,其中1岁以下婴幼儿占总病例数的50.22%;8月龄~14岁麻疹病例中有确切免疫史者仅占38.58%。随着监测系统及时性和特异性逐年提高,48 h完整调查率由2009年的88.32%上升至2012年的100%;血标本3 d内送达率由2009年的51.68%上升至2013年的100%;实验室结果 7 d内报告率由2009年的52.80%上升至2013年的100%;血标本采集率从2009年48.86%上升至2013年的100%;暴发血清学确诊率、病原学标本采集率均上升至100%。2009—2013年麻疹监测系统敏感性低,排除病例报告发病率为0.49/10万~1.43/10万。结论 2009—2013年许昌市麻疹发病率下降,小年龄组发病构成增加。监测系统运转综合质量逐年提升,但敏感性低。今后应进一步加强麻疹类疫苗接种与管理,提高人群免疫水平;加强医疗机构传染病报告与管理,提高监测系统敏感性,防止传染源扩散。     

西安市青年学生胸骨长与身长的关系

本文对1980年测量的西安在校汉族青年学生1585名(男863,女722),年龄16-24岁,按年龄性别分组,计算了身长和胸骨长的均值、胸骨长占身长的百分数、身长与胸骨长的比值、身长、胸骨长指数,并提出了由胸骨长推算身长的回归方程。     

白胸苦恶鸟消化管的组织学观察

采用石蜡切片技术对白胸苦恶鸟(Amaurornis phoenicurus)的消化道进行了组织学观察.结果表明,食管皱襞发达,黏膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,食管腺发达,颈段多于胸段,黏膜肌层为一层纵肌,厚约0.06 ～0.26 mm.肌层为一层厚约0.19～0.27mm的环肌.腺胃被覆单层柱状上皮,固有层内有单管腺和复管腺两种腺体,单管腺仅深约0.11 ～0.20 mm;复管腺厚约1.19～1.26 mm,占管壁的77.8％ ～80.4％.肌胃的类角质层发达,厚约0.16～0.24 mm.肌胃腺呈管状,与类角质层突起形成皱襞.肌层发达,由内环外纵两层平滑肌构成.肠绒毛无分支和中央乳糜管,十二指肠绒毛长而密集,空肠绒毛呈细长指状,直肠绒毛长且呈叶状.十二指肠与直肠肠绒毛内有大量致密淋巴小结,盲肠绒毛短,肠腺少.     

四川2种丛生竹木质素和纤维含量的研究

以四川4个地区2种丛生竹(慈竹和硬头黄)为研究对象,对其木质素和综纤维含量进行研究.结果表明,不同地区竹种间综纤维素含量差异显著;除青神地区外,其它几个地区木质素含量差异不大.纬度对木质素积累的作用因竹种而异,对慈竹木质素含量的作用呈极明显的正效应,对硬头黄的作用则呈不明显的正效应,对综纤维含量的影响不大.竹龄影响木质素和综纤维素含量的积累,对慈竹木质素和综纤维的积累呈显著的正效应,但对硬头黄的作用却不明显.研究认为,青神、长宁和绵阳地区的硬头黄以及长宁地区的慈竹是造纸的较好原料.     

水分条件对白桦天然林生长影响的研究

针对全球变暖导致的降水格局变化,选择生长于不同水分条件（湿生立地和中生立地）的中龄天然白桦林为研究对象,研究其生长状况并分析其生长过程。结果表明,水分条件对白桦天然林的密度和平均胸径具有显著影响（p=0.043 3和0.007 9）,中生立地条件下白桦天然林的密度低于湿生立地（降低46.8%）,而平均胸径则前者高于后者（增加52.4%）。中生立地白桦天然林的胸径分布为正态分布（p=0.823 9）,而湿生立地白桦胸径分布呈明显的左偏（p=0.000 8）。水分条件能影响实生天然白桦胸径、树高生长过程,而对材积生长过程影响不大。湿生立地白桦的胸径速生期持续时间长于中生立地,前者速生期在6~15 a,后者在9~12 a,中生立地白桦胸径的数量成熟龄晚于湿生立地1~2 a;湿生和中生立地白桦高生长的速生期均在6 a,中生立地白桦树高的数量成熟龄晚于湿生立地3~6 a;湿生和中生立地白桦材积的速生期均在24 a以后,湿生和中生立地白桦材积的数量成熟龄均为24 a以后。     

乌拉尔甘草根的结构与皂苷类成分积累关系研究

应用植物解剖学、组织化学定位和植物化学方法,对不同发育阶段的乌拉尔甘草根中的皂苷类成分的积累变化规律进行了研究,为进一步揭示甘草药材质量形成的内在机制并指导优质甘草栽培提供理论依据.结果表明:(1)乌拉尔甘草中皂苷类成分主要存在于根的韧皮薄壁细胞和射线细胞中,韧皮部中皂苷含量高于木质部和根皮,而且根的次生生长与皂苷类成分的积累具有一定的相关性.(2)不同生长年限的乌拉尔甘草根中的总皂苷含量存在差异,3年生甘草根中总皂苷含量高于2年生和1年生甘草根.     

An ultrastructural study of acid phosphatase localization in cells ofPhaseolus vulgaris phloem by the use of the azo dye method

The localization of acid phosphatase was studied in the sieve elements and companion cells in the phloem tissue of the bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. The various organelles in the two kinds of cell showed fine granules of the azo dye as the final reaction product. The aggregated smooth endoplasmic reticulum displayed the dye particularly consistently. The dye was also present in the plasmodesmata and in the contents of the sieve plate pores. The reaction product was conspicuous in the cell walls and tended to be concentrated in the middle lamella and in the nacreous wall layer of the differentiating sieve elements.