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1.
建立抗呲虫啉褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St(a)l)种群和敏感呲虫啉褐飞虱种群在不同抗虫水稻品种(TN1、IR36)上的实验种群生命表,比较了抗感吡虫啉种群在感虫品种TN1上以及在抗虫品种IR36上饲养4代的种群趋势指数(Ⅰ)和适合度的差异.结果表明,在TN1上,抗呲虫啉和敏感吡虫啉褐飞虱种群的种群数...  相似文献   

2.
褐飞虱致害性变异过程及其体内酶的变化   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
在室内连续用具不同抗虫基因的水稻品种TNl、IR26、Mudg。和ASD7、单管饲养褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)种群,研究它对抗虫水稻品种的适应过程及其体内酶的变化规律。 结果表明:褐飞虱在抗虫品种上取食2代的若虫存活率、若虫历期和短翅成虫体重均明显比取食感虫品种TNl的低,第3代以后与取食TNl者基本相同。第2代是褐飞虱适应抗虫品种的关键期。天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和丁-谷氨酰基转移 酶(GGT)的活性在关键的第2代最低,而超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的含量增加。褐飞虱在适应抗虫品种以后体内天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性明显提高。  相似文献   

3.
共生菌在褐飞虱致害性变化中的作用   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
研究了不同虫源和致害性褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens种群体内共生菌数量动态及其对褐飞虱在抗虫品种上的取食选择、生长发育、繁殖以及氨基酸转移酶活性的影响。结果表明,褐飞虱田间种群的致害性与其体内共生菌数量有关。广西南宁种群雌成虫体内的共生菌数量显著地高于浙江杭州和龙游两个虫源的雌成虫体内共生菌数量,而已纯化的3个不同致害性生物型体内的共生菌数量无显著差异。取食抗性品种能显著减少生物型Ⅰ雌成虫体内的共生菌数量。缺乏共生菌时,生物型Ⅰ、Ⅱ若虫对水稻品种TN1和ASD7的选择性增大,而对Mudgo的取食选择性下降。尽管缺共生菌的3个生物型在已适应的和不适应的感虫和抗虫品种上的若虫存活率和雌成虫产卵量均下降,若虫历期明显延长,但在已适应品种上的变化程度明显小于在不适应的抗虫品种上的变化程度。共生菌还明显影响成虫体内丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶的活性。这些结果证明体内共生菌的数量和质量在褐飞虱对水稻致害性的变化中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

4.
评价了7个水稻品种(浙粳22、宜香845、中组14、秀水123、二优倍九、感虫对照品种TN1和抗虫对照品种IR36)在田间成株期对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stl)的抗性表现,并初步分析了它们的抗性机制。结果表明,在田间网室人工诱发条件下,浙粳22、宜香845、秀水123和中组14等4个品种的抗性水平与抗虫品种IR36相同,均小于3级,表现为抗虫,而二优培九则与感虫品种TN1相同,表现为感虫。在自然发生条件下的水稻分蘖期至乳熟期,宜香845和中组14上褐飞虱数量仅为TN1上的7.84%~24.44%,秀水123和浙粳22则为TN1上的30.19%~60.27%。在4个抗性品种上褐飞虱的产卵量和卵孵化率明显减少,而若虫存活率仅为TN1上的20%~30%。与IR36相同,4个抗性品种上褐飞虱的若虫存活率和种群增长倍数均显著低于TN1上,说明他们对褐飞虱的抗性主要表现为抗生性。  相似文献   

5.
水稻品种抗褐飞虱不同生物型的稳定性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用Tai氏方法分析估测12个水稻品种抗褐飞虱不同生物型的稳定性,以期为选育抗虫稳定性好的水稻品种提供较为有效的分析和监测方法.结果表明:光照强度、苗龄、施氮量对不同水稻品种对褐飞虱不同生物型的抗性表现及抗性稳定性有明显影响.抗褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ的品种中,RHT、RP1976-18-6-4-2、Ptb33的抗性较稳定,IR56的抗性不稳定,IR36、ASD7的抗性极不稳定;感褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ的品种中,TN1的感虫性稳定,桂华占、佛山油占、IR26的感虫性较稳定,国粳4号、Mudgo的感虫性不稳定.抗褐飞虱孟加拉型的品种中,RP1976-18-6-4-2、RHT、Ptb33的抗性不稳定,IR56的抗性极不稳定;感褐飞虱孟加拉型的品种中,桂华占、佛山油占、IR26的感虫性稳定;TN1、IR36的感虫性不稳定;国粳4号、Mudgo、ASD7的感虫性极不稳定.  相似文献   

6.
【目的】褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens是为害水稻的重要害虫。本研究旨在明确褐飞虱为害诱导的抗性水稻品种(IR64, ASD7和IR56)挥发物对感性品种TN1抗虫性的影响,为褐飞虱的绿色生态防控提供理论和技术指导。【方法】以水稻-褐飞虱-稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae为研究对象,利用未被为害和经褐飞虱雌成虫为害(褐飞虱为害诱导)的水稻(IR64, ASD7, IR56和TN1)挥发物处理TN1植株,测定TN1植株上褐飞虱单雌产卵量和单雌蜜露分泌量、若虫存活率和卵孵化率;分别利用H型嗅觉仪和Y型嗅觉仪测定褐飞虱雌成虫和稻虱缨小蜂对上述不同处理TN1植株的选择性。【结果】褐飞虱为害诱导的抗性水稻挥发物处理TN1植株后均可降低褐飞虱单雌产卵量,而未被为害的抗性水稻挥发物处理后不影响褐飞虱单雌产卵量。健康TN1植株经褐飞虱为害诱导的IR64挥发物处理后可降低单雌蜜露分泌量,但对卵孵化率和若虫存活率无影响;同时还降低对褐飞虱的引诱作用,而增强对稻虱缨小蜂的引诱作用。且健康TN1植株经褐飞虱为害IR64和TN1诱导的挥发物处理后,其挥发物组分中仅2-庚酮的相对含量发...  相似文献   

7.
本研究利用代谢组学筛选抗性水稻中有活性的代谢物质,为开发控制褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的绿色植物源农药开拓思路。基于水稻品种对褐飞虱有抗性的差异,采用生长发育和存活率比较方法,验证了水稻品种Mudgo和TN1对褐飞虱的抗性差异;通过代谢组学分析抗褐飞虱水稻Mudgo和感褐飞虱水稻TN1代谢物的不同,筛选了品种间有显著差异的物质β-谷甾醇和无显著差异的物质豆甾醇作为褐飞虱生测物质,进行存活率和适合度功能验证,明确其对褐飞虱的功能效应。褐飞虱在Mugdo和TN1两种水稻品种上的生命参数间存在显著差异,在Mudgo水稻上发育历期延长,体重、体长和存活率降低。代谢组学分析共检测到69种差异代谢物,主要为脂质(36%)、碳水化合物(23%)、氨基酸(19%)、次生代谢物质(14%)、核酸(6%)及其他物质(1%)等6大类物质。褐飞虱人工饲料添加剂生测数据显示,褐飞虱取食20.0 μg/mL和500.0 μg/mL浓度β-谷甾醇,雌虫体重显著降低;取食500.0 μg/mL浓度β-谷甾醇,雄虫体重显著降低。此外,取食不同浓度豆甾醇对褐飞虱体重均无显著性影响。β-谷甾醇对褐飞虱的存活率有显著降低作用,而豆甾醇只有在4.0 μg/mL、100.0 μg/mL和500.0 μg/mL浓度下有降低作用。确认了水稻品种Mudgo对褐飞虱有显著的抗性,可显著降低存活率,抑制生长。代谢组学筛选到的69种差异代谢物可作为抗褐飞虱绿色植物源农药的备选库;其中,差异显著的代谢物质β-谷甾醇对褐飞虱体重和存活率有显著降低作用,可作为防治褐飞虱的植物源农药。  相似文献   

8.
取分别在水稻品种TN1 (常用感虫对照 )、Mudgo(含Bph1 )或ASD7(含bph2 )上连续饲养 3 0代以上的3个褐飞虱Nilaparvatalugens寄主种群 ,分别饲养于 2 0种氨基酸总量与配比不同的全纯人工饲料上 ,以羽化率、短翅率、若虫历期以及初羽化成虫体重为指标对不同种群的氨基酸需求进行了比较。发现不同褐飞虱种群随氨基酸营养条件的改变有明显不同的表现 ,其中Mudgo种群最容易受到氨基酸营养条件的影响 ,而TN1种群所受影响最小。抗虫品种ASD7和Mudgo上的两褐飞虱种群所需的最佳氨基酸总浓度 (分别为 4 0 %~ 4 8%、4 0 % )高于TN1种群 (2 4%~ 3 2 % ) ,同时 ,前两种群对必需氨基酸浓度的变化较TN1种群敏感。这些结果表明 ,不同褐飞虱寄主种群对饲料氨基酸的需求存在明显的分化 ,推测氨基酸可能是抗虫水稻品种胁迫褐飞虱致害性变异的一种重要机制。  相似文献   

9.
水稻活性成分的分离纯化及其对褐飞虱若虫的活性测定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
水稻植株内的抗性次生物质是影响水稻生化抗性的主要因子之一。运用硅藻土系统溶剂分离法和硅胶柱层析分离方法分离纯化手段,从水稻(Oryza sativa L.)抗虫品种IR36甲醇粗提物中得到一种针状晶体,初步认为该晶体为一种糖甙黄酮类物质,通过该物质对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stal)生物型Ⅱ若虫的活性测定,表明该种晶体对褐飞虱若虫的存活率、体重增加和羽化均具有显著的不良影响,不利于褐飞虱若虫的生长发育。  相似文献   

10.
汤英  刘满强  王峰  陈法军  邵波  苏昱  葛成  黄菁华  李辉信  胡锋 《生态学报》2010,30(11):2890-2898
地上部植食者对地下部土壤生态系统的影响引起了陆地生态学者的浓厚兴趣。报道了盆栽条件下褐飞虱取食不同品种水稻后对水稻苗期生长和土壤活性碳氮的影响。土壤活性碳氮水平的评价采用了土壤微生物生物量碳和氮、可溶性碳和氮及无机氮等指标,它们是反映土壤生态过程的重要变量。结果表明,褐飞虱侵害降低了苗期水稻茎叶、根系的生物量及根冠比,并与水稻品种的抗褐飞虱能力存在交互作用。褐飞虱也显著影响土壤活性碳氮水平(P0.05),并强烈依赖于水稻品种特性。一般的,褐飞虱导致感虫品种广四的土壤微生物生物量碳、可溶性碳下降,而对抗虫品种IR36的影响则相反。在褐飞虱的危害下,抗虫品种水稻对土壤微生物生物量氮、可溶性氮及硝态氮的促进程度较大。中感品种汕优63与汕优559在褐飞虱作用下对水稻茎叶、根系生物量及土壤活性碳氮的影响也不相同。汕优63的影响趋势与感虫品种广四一致,而汕优559的影响与抗虫品种IR36更接近。总之,土壤活性碳氮组分对褐飞虱危害的响应程度和趋势因水稻品种不同而不同,特别是抗虫品种在褐飞虱侵害时有利于土壤活性碳氮水平的维持,提高土壤生物活性,从而可能进一步促进土壤生态功能的发挥。  相似文献   

11.
Synthesis and single crystal X-ray structures of the first paramagnetic transition metal complexes containing chiral ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-oxazoline (EDT-TTF-OX) 1a-c and ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-thiomethyloxazoline 2 (EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX) ligands based on copper (II) and cobalt (II) are described. The racemic [EDT-TTF-OX][Cu(hfac)2] complex 3a crystallizes in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group , whereas the enantiopure counterparts 3b-c crystallize in the triclinic non-centrosymmetric space group P1. Cu(II) adopts a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry, a much weaker Cu?STTF interaction also being identified. The same coordination pattern around Cu(II) is observed in the complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Cu(hfac)2] (4) in spite of the bidentate nature of the redox active ligand. DFT theoretical calculations afforded two equilibrium configurations for a corresponding model complex, in which the metal centre establishes secondary coordination either with one STTF or with the SMe group. The same ligand coordinates the cobalt (II) to afford the octahedral complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Co(hfac)2] (5). In all these novel complexes, the paramagnetic centres are structurally and magnetically isolated. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show the stability of the radical cation species.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Interactions of cationic porphyrins bearing five-membered rings at the meso position, meso-tetrakis(1,2-dimethylpyrazolium-4-yl)porphyrin (MPzP; M is H2, CuII or ZnII), with synthetic polynucleotides poly(dG-dC)2 and poly(dA-dT)2 have been characterized by viscometric, visible absorption, circular dichroisim and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopic and melting temperature measurements. Both H2PzP and CuPzP are intercalated into poly(dG-dC)2 and are outside-bound to the major groove of poly(dA-dT)2, while ZnPzP is outside-bound to the minor groove of poly(dA-dT)2 and surprisingly is intercalated into poly(dG-dC)2. The binding constants of the porphyrin and poly(dG-dC)2 and poly(dA-dT)2 are on the order of 106 M−1 and are comparable to those of other cationic porphyrins so far reported. The process of the binding of the porphyrin to poly(dG-dC)2 and poly(dA-dT)2 is exothermic and enthalpically driven for H2PzP, whereas it is endothermic and entropically driven for CuPzP and ZnPzP. These results have revealed that the kind of the central metal ion of metalloporphyrins influences the characteristics of the binding of the porphyrins to DNA.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users.  相似文献   

14.
15.
16.
R M Wartell 《Biopolymers》1972,11(4):745-759
Helix–coil transition curves are calculated for poly (dA) poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) poly (dA-dT) using the integral equation approach of Goel and Montroll.5 The transitions are described by the loop entropy model with the exponent of the loop entropy factor, k, remaining an arbitrary constant. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental transition curves of the two polymers. Results indicate that the stacking energies for these two polymers differ by about 1 kcal/mole of base pairs. Also, a fit between theory and experiment was not possible for k > 1.70.  相似文献   

17.
Lithioamidines {R′N(Li)C(R)NR′, I; R = CH3, R′ = C6H5, p-CH3,C6H4} react with iron(III) chloride
in monoglyme to produce navy-blue, high spin Fe{R′NC(R)NR′}3 complexes which are extremely air and moisture sensitive. The corresponding reaction when R = R′ = C6H5 produces a soluble red complex and an air-stable green complex, whereas when R = H, R′ = C6H5 and R = R′ = C6H5 and the reaction is started at ca. ?20°, red and green complexes respectively are formed. Though all the complexes are formulated Fe{R′NC(R)NR′}3, their properties reflect association through bridging amidino-groups. Iron(II) chloride reacts with I(R = CH3, R′ = p-CH3C6H4) to form two complexes, one crimson and soluble in organic solvents, and one brown and insoluble, which are fomulated [Fe{R′NC(R)NR′}2]n. The iron(III) complexes failed to react with, or were decomposed by, a variety of reducing, electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents, though blue Fe{p-CH3C6H4NC(CH3)N-p-CH3C6H4}3 reacts readily with nitric oxide to form a purple addition complex from which the N-nitroso-compound p-CH3C6H4NC(CH3)N(NO)-p-CH3C6H4 was obtained in high yield. Treatment of the corresponding brown iron(II) complex with nitric oxide gave no reaction.  相似文献   

18.
Two structurally related vanadium(V) complexes, K3[VO2(C2O4)2]·3H2O and K3[VO(O2)(C2O4)2]·1/2H2O, were thoroughly characterized by infrared, Raman, and electronic spectroscopies. The effect of both complexes on the viability of the human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells was tested using the MTT assay. The monoperoxo complex shows a very strong antiproliferative activity (at 100-μM concentration, this complex diminished the cell viability ca. 80 %), whereas the dioxo complex was inactive.  相似文献   

19.
N-(3,5-Dichlorophenylsulfonyl)-(R)-thioprolyl biarylalanine 10a has been identified as a potent and specific antagonist of the alpha(4)beta(1) integrin. Altering the configuration of thioproline from R to S led to a series of dual antagonists of alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7), and the N-acetyl analogue 8b was found to be the most potent dual antagonist. A binding site model for alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(7) is proposed to explain the structure-activity relationship.  相似文献   

20.
The trinuclear [{RuII(bpy)2(bpy-terpy)}2CoII]6+ complex (16+) in which a Co(II)-bis-terpyridine-like centre is covalently linked to two Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine-like moieties by a bridging bipyridine-terpyridine ligand has been synthesised and characterised. Its electrochemical, photophysical and photochemical properties have been investigated in CH3CN. The cyclic voltammetry exhibits two successive reversible oxidation processes, corresponding to the CoIII/CoII and RuIII/RuII redox couples at E1/2 = −0.06 and 0.91 V vs Ag/Ag+ 10 mM, respectively. The one-electron oxidized form of the complex, [{RuII(bpy)2(bpy-terpy)}2CoIII]7+ (17+) obtained after exhaustive electrolysis carried out at 0.2 V is fully stable. 16+ and 17+ are only poorly luminescent, indicating that the covalent linkage of the Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine centre to the cobalt subunit leads to a strong quenching of the RuII excited state by an intramolecular process. Luminescence lifetime experiments carried out at different temperatures indicate that the transfer is more efficient for 17+ compare to 16+ due to lower activation energy. Continuous irradiation of 17+ performed at 405 nm in the presence of P(Ph)3 acting as sacrificial electron donor leads to its quantitative reduction into 16+, whereas similar experiment starting from 16+ with a sulfonium salt as sacrificial electron acceptor converts 16+ into 17+ with a slower rate and a maximum yield of 80%. These photoinduced electron transfers were followed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and compared with those obtained with a simple mixture of both mononuclear parent complexes i.e. [RuII(bpy)3]2+ and [CoII(tolyl-terpy)2]2+ or [CoIII(tolyl-terpy)2]3+ (tolyl-terpy = 4′-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine).  相似文献   

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