在鱼腥藻7120中建立反义glnA系统

应用反义技术对鱼腥藻７１２０的内源ｇｌｎＡ基因的表达进行调控,首次获得了人工反义系统的蓝藻品系。先从编码谷酰胺合成酶的基因ｇｌｎＡ中取得部分结构基因片段,与表达质粒载体ｐＲＬ－４３９及穿梭质粒载体ｐＤＣ－８相连接。通过酶切鉴定筛选出反向克隆的穿梭表达质粒ｐＤＣ－ＡＴＧＳ,然后应用三亲接合转移法把它鱼腥藻７１２０。     

一个新的水稻MADS—box基因的克隆及表达分析

根据ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ基因保守区结构,设计简并性引物,利用３＇ＲＡＣＥ从水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）中克隆了１个新的水稻ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ基因的ｃＤＮＡ片段,同时利用５＆ＲＡＣＥ获得了全长ｃＤｎＡ命名为ＦＤＲＭＡＤＳＳ。序列分析表明,该ｃＤＮＡ全长１４０６ｂｐ,开放阅读框共编码２３３个到,具有典型的植物ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ基因的结构。推测的氨基酸序列与拟南芥的ＭＡＤＳ－ｂｏｘ基因,ＡＧＬ１４同     

CD3ε和PMA对fas基因转录调控作用的研究

研究了ＣＤ３ε和ＰＭＡ对细胞凋亡基因ｆａｓ的转录调控作用．根据已知的人ｆａｓ基因５＇上游序列设计引物,用ＰＣＲ法从人胸腺细胞基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增出ｆａｓ５＇上游长为４４６ｂｐ的启动子片段．将此片段定向克隆到以虫荧光素酶为报告基因的真核细胞表达载体ｐＸＰ２中．经限制性内切酶酶切鉴定及序列测定分析表明此重组表达质粒ＤＮＡ的结构和序列正确．用此质粒（ｐＸＰ２－ｆａｓｕｐ）瞬时转染人ＪｕｒｋａｔＴ淋巴细胞,分析报告基因的表达水平．结果表明ｆａｓ基因上游－５０６到－６０的区域有弱启动子活性,约是阴性对照的１．５倍．抗ＣＤ３ε抗体和ＰＭＡ处理均可增强ｆａｓ启动子的活性,促进报告基因的表达,其虫荧光素酶活性分别是未经处理的ｐＸＰ２－ｆａｓｕｐ转染细胞的１．７倍和３．３倍,但二者没有协同作用．ＰＫＣ的抑制剂ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ和ＰＴＫ的抑制剂ｈｅｒｂｉｍｙｃｉｎＡ可抑制ＰＭＡ诱导的ｆａｓ基因转录,使虫荧光素酶基因的表达降至未用ＰＭＡ处理的水平．但ＰＴＫ的另一种抑制剂ｇｅｎｉｓｔｅｉｎ可与ＰＭＡ发挥协同作用,上调ｆａｓ基因的转录,使虫荧光素酶活性增加到５倍．这些结果为阐明ＣＤ３ε及ＰＭＡ介导Ｔ淋巴细胞激活和凋亡的分子机制     

葡萄感霜霉病基因RAPD标记的序列分析

利用Ｗｉｚａｒｄ ＤＮＡ ｃｌｅａｎ－ｕｐ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ纯化葡萄感霜霉病基因ＲＡＰＤ遗传标记的ＤＮＡ片段,用细菌质粒ｐＧＥＭ Ｔ－ｅａｓｙ ｖｅｃｔｏｒ克隆该片段,采用自动荧光ＤＮＡ测序仪对片段的核苷酸组成进行双向测序。来自欧洲葡萄粉红玫瑰的葡萄感霜霉病基因ＲＡＰＤ标记由８３５对核苷酸及其特定序列组成。所获的感霜霉病基因ＲＡＰＤ标记可以作为合成探针的基础,用于葡萄抗病育种过程中的早期选择及品种对霜     

降血脂药物（DEHP）对酰基CoA氧化酶基因反式作用因子的影响

从对照和用ＤＥＨＰ处理的大鼠肝脏提取核蛋白,以含酰基ＣｏＡ氧化酶（ＡＯＸ）基因表达调控部位的ＤＮＡ片段和该基因的不同蛋白结合位点的ＤＮＡ片段作为核蛋白结合反应的探针,通过凝胶电泳迁移率改变实验和Ｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析检查了ＤＥＨＰ对ＡＯＸ基因反式作用因子的影响。结果表明,降血脂药物ＤＥＨＰ可显著增加ＡＯＸ基因反式作用因子的含量和（或）与基因的结合活性,在转录水平上促进基因的表达。     

水稻（Oryza sativa L.）核基因组存在叶绿体psbA基因的同源 …

序列比较说明、重复ＤＮＡ顺序ｐＲＲＤ９＾＊与水稻叶绿体基因组中编码ＱＢ蛋白的ｐｓｂＡ基因存在高度的同源。用ｐＲＢＤ９亚克隆片段ｐＲＲＤ９Ｒ和片段ｐＲＲＤ９Ｌ对水稻的叶绿体和核ＤＮＡ进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析,揭示了ｐｓｂＡ基因同源片段在某个进化时期由叶绿体基因组转移到水稻核基因组,而且两者在水稻进化过程中的变异程度存在明显的差异。     

人淋巴细胞CD2基因5‘侧翼序列的克隆和鉴定

本文报告以ＣＤ２ｃＤＮＡ５＇端的片段作探针,从人Ｔ淋巴细胞基因组文库筛选阳性重组克隆,经限制性内切酶降解和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析,证明其中一个阳性克隆的插入片段中含ＣＤ２基因５＇侧翼顺序。经插入片段的亚克隆、限制性内切酶图谱及ＤＮＡ序列分析,鉴定出一含转录起始点及其上游序列的４．ｋｂ片段。将此片段中含转录起始点和两个ＤＮａｓｅＩ高敏感位点的２．５ｋｂ片段定向克隆到以虫萤光素酶为报告基因的表达载体     

用PCR—RFLP方法研究藏族HLA0—DQA1和—DQB1基因多态性

应用目前ＨＬＡ研究领域中成熟的、有效的ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ基因分型技术,从ＤＮＡ水平对藏族健康群体进行了ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１（４９人）和－ＤＱＢ１（４９人）基因分型,这在国内外属首次。所采用的ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ基因分型技术是在ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１和－ＤＱＢ１各等位基因全部序列已知的情况下,对其第２个外显子碱基序列扩增进而进行ＲＦＬＰ分析的方法。这种方法得到的ＲＦＬＰ的所有片段都是已知序列,因而精确度很高,同时为     

稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)诱导的水稻早期反应基因ER1的5' 端cDNA片段克隆及序列分析

研究高等生物基因表达与调控的一个重要方面是分离基因的编码区及其上游的调控序列（ＤｅＶｅｅｒ等１９９７）,这需要获得一个基因的ｃＤＮＡ全长及从植物基因组获取全基因。在前文（周建明等１９９９）中曾经分离了稻瘟病菌侵染诱导的水稻早期反应基因ＥＲ１的ｃＤＮＡ片段,但是运用ｍＲＮＡ差异显示技术分离的ｃＤＮＡ片段往往只有近ｍＲＮＡ３’端的一部分,难以反映基因的结构及功能特点,因此,必须进一步分离其５’端的部分才有可能比较全面地了解此基因的特点。ＲＡＣＥ（ｒａｐｉｄａｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃＤＮＡｅｎ…     

降血脂药物对酰基CoA氧化酶基因反式作用因子的影响

从对照和用ＤＥＨＰ处理的大鼠肝脏提取核蛋白,以含酰基ＣｏＡ氧化酶基因表达调控部位的ＤＮＡ片段和该基因的不同蛋白结合位点的ＤＮＡ片段作为核蛋白结合反应的探针,通过凝胶电过移率改变实验和Ｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析检查了ＤＥＨＰ对ＡＯＸ基因反式作用因子的含量和（或）与基因的结合活性,在转录水平上促进基因的表达。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418