中国驼螽属两新种（直翅目：驼螽科：驼螽亚科）

记述驼螽属Rhaphidophora Audinet-Serville,1839两新种,四川驼螽Rhaphi-dophora sichuanensis Liu et Zhang,sp.nov。和小殖板驼螽Rhaphidophora minuo-lamellaLiu et Zhang,sp.nov以及中华驼螽Rhaphidophora sinica Bey-Bienko,1962的雌性补充描述。模式标本保存在中国科学院植物生理生态研究所昆虫标本馆。     

中国蛩螽亚科两新种：直翅目：螽Si总科

本文报道中国蛩螽亚科Ｍｅｃｏｎｅｍａｔｉｎａｅ饰尾螽属Ｃｏｓｍｅｔｕｒａ Ｙａｍａｓａｋｉ,１９８３和剑螽属Ｘｉｐｈｉｄｉｏｐｓｉｓ Ｒｅｄｔｅｎｂａｃｈｅｒ,１８９１各一新种。标本分别采自四川和西藏。模式标体保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

中国露螽科一新种记述：直翅目：螽Shi总科

本文记述露螽科Ｐｈａｎｅｒｏｐｔｅｉｄａｅ１新种：红点奇螽Ｍｉｒｏｌｌｉａｒｕｆｏｎｏｔａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，采湖北利川。新种模式标均保存于山东大学生物系     

中国树螽亚科两新种：直翅目：螽斯科

本文记述了树螽亚科Phaneropterinae中安树螽属(Anisotima B.-Bienko,1951)和管树螽属(Ducetia Stal,1874)的两个新种。这两属在形态上非常相似,但可根据胸足腿节膝片上刺的有无和翅的长宽比来区别。安树螽属(Anisotima) 所有胸足腿节膝片上均不带刺,前翅较宽,它的长度不及翅宽的4倍。该属目前仅记载有两种,即A.disparB.-Bienko和A.Yunnanea B.-Bienko,均分布于中国。本文记述采自浙江的一新种。管树螽属(Ducetia)所不同的是所有胸足腿节膝片上均带有明显的刺,前翅窄长,长度是     

中国剑螽属四新种记述：直翅目：螽斯总科：蛩螽科

作者在整理陕西师范大学动物研究所标本时,发现剑螽属４新种,即膨基剑螽Ｘｉｐｈｉｄｉｏｐｓｉｓｉｎｆｌａｔａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．双叶剑螽Ｘ．ｂｉｆｏｌｉａｔａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．凸顶剑螽Ｘ．ｃｏｎｖｅｘｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及叉尾剑螽Ｘ．ｄｉｖｉｄａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本均存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

中国涤螽属的分类研究（直翅目：螽蟖总科：蛩螽科）

本文报道中国涤螽属Decma Gorochov,1993一新亚属副涤螽亚属Paradecma和一新种双刺副涤螽Decma (Paradecma) bispinosa sp. nov.,并附中国种检索表和缅甸异涤螽Decma (Idiodecma) birmanica (Bey-Bienko, 1971)雌性特征新描述。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国麻螽属四新种记述（直翅目：露螽科）

本文记述麻螽属４新种,海南麻螽Ｔａｐｅｉｎａｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ细齿麻螽Ｔａｐｅｉｎａｓｐｉｎｉｃａｕｄａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ四齿麻螽Ｔａｐｅｉｎａｑｕａｄｒｉｄｅｎｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。和简麻螽Ｔａｐｉｅｎａｓｉｍｐｌｉｃｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新种模式标本均保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

中国树螽亚科三新种(直翅目:螽蟖科)

本文记述树螽亚科Pseudophyllinae 3新种:并脉翡螽Phyllomimus Coalitus、长腹突效绯螽Phyllozelus dolichostyluz和胫突瘤螽Tegrolcinia mirotibialis。模式标本均保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

中国蛩螽族三新属七新种（直翅目：螽Si总科：蛩螽科）

根据中国蛩螽族的材料,记述３新属７新种,并附中国蛩螽族短翅类群的分属检索素。所有模式标本均保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

中国掩耳螽属二新种记述 (直翅目：螽总科,露螽科)

 记述中国露螽科Phaneropteridae二新种：长裂掩耳螽Elima ea longifissa sp. Nov.,采自江西;短板掩耳螽E.brevilamina sp. Nov., 采自 福建。模式标本保存于山东大学生物系。     

用离散量预测蛋白质的结构型

基于蛋白质的结构类型决定了它的二级结构序列的概念,用二级结构序列参数Nα,Nβ,Nβaβ,N(βαβ）构成离散源,并计算离散量D（Xα）,D（Xβ）,D（Xα＋β）,利用离散增量预测蛋白质的结构类型,它是由这个蛋白质的离散量D（Xn）与四个标准离散D（Xα）,D（Xβ）,D（Xα／β）,D（Xα＋β）之间离散增量的最小值所决定的,预测结果表明,准确率分别达到84．8％（标准集）和83．3％（检验集）。     

RELIABILITY OF SENSORY ASSESSORS: ISSUES OF COMPLEXITY

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the sensory performance of assessors in a sensory panel maybe explained by complexity of evaluated product. We aimed to investigate whether we could observe a decline in sensory performance when increasing the complexity of the product. The products increased in number of constituents from mixtures of sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid and caffeine in water, to the foods ice tea and tomato soup constituting different levels of the same substances. Candidates who succeeded evaluating one product were not always successful evaluating others. Few subjects were successful in everything. The conclusion was that there is only minor systematic decline with increasing complexity of products. The authors emphasize that definition of complexity involves more than just counting number of constituents and taste sensations, and suggest that minor differences in the task given to the assessor might explain different performances.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Practical use of the research presented in the present paper is in a sensory evaluation context. It is important for the users of sensory data to find out how the profiling should be organized to achieve optimum output, and in specific, the need for extensive training when dealing with a more complex product. The present study hypothesized that sensory assessors would have more difficulties evaluating a more complex product. However, the results showed that panel leaders should be more concerned with the task variables in the sensory evaluation. Even a minor shift in task variables had a stronger impact on the performance and reliability of the assessors than increasing number of constituents and/or stimuli sensations of the product. This study did not demonstrate a need for extensive training when dealing with a more complex product as hypothesized.