巴氏碳球C_（60）对红细胞膜的光敏作用研究

用人红细胞膜作实验材料,研究了巴氏碳球Ｃ_（６０）对红细胞膜的光敏作用。结果发现,Ｃ_（６０）光激发后对膜蛋白质几种重要氨基酸有明显破坏作用,并氧化膜蛋白巯基和膜不饱和脂肪酸,采用ＮａＮ３和ＳＯＤ作抑制剂探明了Ｃ_（６０）的光敏作用存在氧自由基的影响,并在Ｃ_（６０）光激发后的电子顺磁共振（ＥＳＲ）研究中得到进一步证实。     

巴氏碳球C60对红细胞膜的光敏作用研究

用人红细胞膜作实验材料,研究了巴氏碳球Ｃ６０对红细胞膜的光敏作用。结果发现,Ｃ６０光激发后对膜蛋白质几种重要氨基酸有明显破坏作用,并氧化膜蛋白巯基和膜不饱和脂肪酸。采用ＮａＮ３和ＳＯＤ作抑制剂探明了Ｃ６０的光敏作用存在氧自由基的影响,并在Ｃ６０光激发后的电子顺磁共振（ＥＳＲ）研究中得到进一步证实。     

超氧阴离子对心肌细胞Ca~（2＋）平衡的影响及硒的保护作用

在超氧阴离子（Ｏ~－_２）作用下,心肌细胞内游离钙浓度（［Ｃａ~（２＋）］_ｉ）显著升高;心肌细胞膜通透性明显增强;膜脂流动性下降。一定浓度的硒代蛋氨酸（Ｓｅ－Ｍｅｔ）或亚硒酸钠（Ｎａ_２ＳｅＯ_３）可不同程度地拮抗Ｏ~－_２的影响。前者作用更为显著。这两种硒化合物也能提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的活性。综上所述,硒缺乏,高自由基及心肌细胞Ｃａ~（２＋）平衡失调三者之间存在着相关性。在Ｏ~－_２作用下,心肌细胞内Ｃａ~（２＋）平衡失调比膜通透性的改变更为敏感。     

人心肌缺血/再灌注期间红细胞膜分子流动性改变的机理研究

对开心手术病人心肌缺血／再灌注过程中冠状静脉窦血中的红细胞流变性变化和红细胞膜分子结构的改变进行了研究。结果表明,再灌注即刻心脏产生大量自由基,并持续到再灌注第２０分钟时才大幅度回落;于再灌注后的２０分钟的自由基产生时相期间,除红细胞膜蛋白分子和脂质分子的τｐ、τｌ均明显延长外,还伴有血浆ＭＤＡ水平的明显增加和ＳＯＤ活性的显著降低,及红细胞内ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性升高;与此同时其红细胞膜蛋白分子的α螺旋先减少后渐回复和β折叠渐增加并伴有羧基（ＣＯＯＨ）和氨基（ＮＨ３）的减少,而其红细胞膜脂质分子的磷氧双键（Ｐ＝Ｏ）、羰基（Ｃ＝Ｏ）和多不饱和键（Ｃ＝Ｃ）则增加;说明（１）再灌注期间氧自由基分别引起了红细胞膜蛋白分子碳端和氮端的改变及膜磷脂分子亲水区和疏水区化学结构的变化,（２）蛋白分子碳、氮端的变化造成了膜蛋白分子构象的改变,（３）蛋白分子和磷脂分子化学结构及构象的改变是红细胞膜这些分子流动性明显恶化的根本原因。     

ESR研究急性运动及恢复期大鼠RBCM脂流动性的改变

本文以大鼠递增负荷力竭性运动为模型,利用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）技术测定急性运动中及不同时程恢复期红细胞膜（ＲＢＣＭ）脂流动性的改变。ＲＢＣＭ脂尾部流动性在短时间中等强度运动（三级负荷末）即有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）,在运动后恢复期进行性加重,并于运动后１２ｈ达极显著改变（Ｐ＜０．０１）：此时膜脂头部流动性也明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。之后二者均有恢复趋势,提示递增负荷力竭性运动对ＲＢＣＭ脂流动性有重要影响,并且ＲＢＣＭ脂流动性与膜功能相互作用,互相影响     

人红细胞膜和血浆游离脂肪酸成分分析及其对膜微粘度的影响

采用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）和荧光偏振技术测定了４２例正常人红细胞膜和血浆游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）及膜微粘度,并探讨了膜脂肪酸和血浆ＦＦＡ构成与膜微粘度之间的关系。结果表明：正常人红细胞膜主要由廿二碳六烯酸（Ｃ２２∶６）、花生四烯酸（Ｃ２０∶４）、亚油酸（Ｃ１８∶２）、软脂酸（Ｃ１６∶０）、油酸（Ｃ１８∶１）和硬脂酸（Ｃ１８∶０）等六种脂肪酸组成。血浆ＦＦＡ构成与膜脂肪酸相似,但不含Ｃ２２∶６而含十四烷酸（Ｃ１４∶０）。红细胞膜各脂肪酸含量大多与其血浆浓度呈明显正相关。红细胞膜微粘度与膜软脂酸和硬脂酸呈明显正相关,与膜廿二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸呈明显负相关。提示红细胞膜脂肪酸组成受血浆ＦＦＡ成分影响;而红细胞膜脂肪酸成分对膜微粘度亦有重要影响     

蛋白质的豆蔻酰化

蛋白质的豆蔻酰化许正平李伯良（浙江大学生物科学与技术系,杭州３１００２７）（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,上海２０００３１）蛋白质豆蔻酰化是指真核细胞中豆蔻酰基在豆蔻酰ＣｏＡ：蛋白质Ｎ端豆蔻酰转移酶（ＭｙｒｉｓｔｏｙｌＣｏＡ：ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎＮｍｙｒ...     

肺叶切除术对红细胞及淋巴细胞膜流动性的影响

目的：研究肺叶切除术对红细胞及淋巴细胞膜流坳性的影响。方法：选择２０例择期开胸手术病人,均作肺叶切除术。分别用微量滴定法、高效液权色谱法和ＤＰＨ荧光探剂法测定血浆和红细胞膜ＰＬＡ２活性,红细胞膜磷脂ＰＳ、ＰＥ、ＰＣ和红细胞、淋巴膜脂流动性。结果：手术１０ｍｉｎ、手术６０ｍｉｎ和手术结束后３０ｍｉｎ血浆和红细胞膜ＰＬＡ２活性均显著高于麻醉诱导前;手术６０ｍｉｎ和手术结束后３０ｍｉｎ 红细胞膜ＰＳ、Ｐ     

·科技消息·SH-C1型全自动生化分析仪的研制

ＳＨＣ１型全自动生化分析仪的研制封洲燕沈公羽袁清育１）王载稆１）许少寅１）莫利明２）（浙江大学生物科学与技术系,杭州３１００２７）临床生化分析仪属现代精密医学检测仪器,主要用于测定人体液中的各种生化指标,至今为止,我国的生化分析仪研究和制造主要限于...     

自由基损伤红细胞膜分子的机理研究

为探明自由基对红细胞膜脂质及蛋白分子损伤机理,本文通过电子自旋共振波谱仪（ＥＳＲ）、激光拉曼波谱仪、圆二色波谱仪（ＣＤ）、显微付立叶变换红外波谱仪（ＭＦＴ－ＩＲ）和表面电子能谱分析系统（ＥＳＣＡ）分别对体外自由基作用３０分钟后,及作用后３小时红细胞膜整体结构、膜蛋白分子及脂质分子进行了分析。结果发现,自由基作用后①红细胞膜中β－胡萝卜素构象由伸展变为卷曲,提示膜整体结构改变,②膜蛋白分子二级结构变化,表现为α螺旋减少和β折叠增加,③膜蛋白分子二硫键与巯基的比例增加（Ｓ－Ｓ／ＳＨ）、亚氨基（ＮＨ）和羰基含量改变,同时蛋白分子的氢键也被破坏（如ＮＨ、ＣＯＨ等基团的减少和ＮＣ、ＣＯ的增加）,④膜脂分子磷氧双键（Ｐ＝Ｏ）成分、羰基成分（Ｃ＝Ｏ）、碳－碳双键（Ｃ＝Ｃ）成分降低;说明自由基导致红细胞膜蛋白及脂质分子化学结构改变是造成膜分子构象及膜整体结构改变的根本原因。３小时后无论是膜蛋白二级结构、二硫键与巯基比或膜脂分子Ｐ＝Ｏ、Ｃ＝Ｏ、Ｃ＝Ｃ不仅没有恢复,反而有加重趋势。这说明了自由基损伤的部分不可逆性     

Radiation-induced lipid peroxidation and the fluidity of erythrocyte membrane lipids

The effect of radiation-induced peroxidation on the fluidity of the phospholipids of the erythrocyte membrane was studied using both erythrocyte ghosts and liposomes formed from the polar lipids of erythrocytes. In liposomes, the oxidation of the phospholipids increased with radiation dose, but there was no change in the fluidity of the lipids as measured by spin-label motion. Under the same conditions of irradiation, no oxidation of phospholipid was detected in erythrocyte ghosts, although changes occurred in the motion of spin labels intercalated with the membrane. These changes were attributed to radiation-induced alterations in the membrane proteins. It is concluded that alterations in motion of spin labels, observed with intact membranes after irradiation, are most likely the result of changes in the structure of membrane proteins rather than the lipids.     

血红蛋白对人红细胞膜流动性的影响

本文报道了pH7.5时血红蛋白和红细胞膜的结合效应.在10—45℃温度范围内观察到血红蛋白对膜脂质流动性的限制作用.看来这种限制作用不是脂质过氧化所致,而是血红蛋白和红细胞膜直接作用的结果.对流动性大的膜,血红蛋白的效应也随之增大.高铁血红蛋白及红细胞膜去胆固醇皆能修饰血红蛋白和膜的相互作用.     

Erythrocyte membrane fluidity and changes in plasma lipid composition: a possible relationship in childhood obesity

We have studied plasma lipid patterns and erythrocyte membrane fluidity in 60 obese children and 20 normal children. Plasma levels of total cholesterol and associated low-density lipoproteins were significantly increased in 20 obese patients with respect to controls. A significant decrease in membrane fluidity, measured as an increase in the fluorescence polarization value of the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, associated with an increase in the cholesterol/protein ratio has been shown in obese patients. The study of the correlation between erythrocyte membrane fluidity and plasma cholesterol has indicated that significant changes in fluidity and membrane lipid composition also occur in erythrocytes of obese patients with normal plasma lipid levels. These findings confirm that the erythrocyte membrane responds very early to modifications of plasma lipoproteins and suggest that in childhood obesity a modified transfer of cholesterol from plasma to erythrocyte membrane may take place.     

用稳态荧光探针研究竹红菌乙素光敏损伤对人红细胞膜流动性的影响

本文以红细胞膜为材料,用了三种稳态荧光探针研究了HB光敏作用引起人红细胞膜流动性的改变.实验结果表明在HB光敏作用下,膜的旋转扩散速度和侧向扩散速度均发生明显变化,ANS和DPH探针测得HB引起膜流动性降低,也就是膜粘度增加,用芘探针结果则表明膜的侧向扩散变慢.本文还对HB光敏作用的机理进行了探讨,我们观察了数种单重态氧猝灭剂,羟自山基猝灭剂和抗氧化剂对于光敏作用的影响,分别测定了膜流动性和膜的内源荧光的变化,发现在HB光敏作用中,除了~1O_2的作用之外,还存在其它自由基的作用.在HB与HA光敏能力的比较中发现,在比较高一些浓度条件下,存在着HB大于HA的趋向.     

Importance of cholesterol-phospholipid interaction in determining dynamics of normal and abetalipoproteinemia red blood cell membrane

Acanthocytic red blood cells in patients with abetalipoproteinemia have a decreased membrane fluidity that is associated with increased sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine (SM/PC)§ ratios. Here we describe studies designed to gain better insight into (i) the interrelationship between the composition of lipoprotein and red blood cell membrane in abetalipo-proteinemia patients and normal controls; and (ii) how the differences in lipid composition of the red blood cell membrane affect its fluidity. The increased SM/PC ratio found in abetalipoproteinemia plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) (3 times greater than controls) was paralleled by an increase in this ratio in acanthocytic red cells, but to a lesser degree (almost twice greater than control red cells). Cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratios (C/P) were increased 3-fold in abetalipoproteinemia HDL, but only slightly increased in red cells compared to controls values. As in the controls, 80–85% of abetalipo-proteinemia red cell sphingomyelin was found to be in the outer half of the erythrocyte membrane. Membrane fluidity was defined in terms of microviscosity ({ie116-1}) between 5 and 42°C by the fluorescent polarization of 1,6-diphenylhexatriene (DPH) present in erythrocyte ghost membranes. At all temperatures, membrane microviscosity was higher in abetalipoproteinemia ghosts than controls, but these differences decreased at higher temperatures (12.34 vs 9.79 poise, respectively, at 10°C; 4.63 vs 4.04 poise at 37°C). These differences were eliminated after oxidation of all membrane cholesterol to cholest-4-en-3-one by incubation with cholesterol oxidase. Following cholesterol oxidation, the membrane microviscosity decreased in patient ghosts more than in normal red blood cells so that at all temperatures no significant differences were present relative to control ghosts, in which the apparent microviscosity was also diminished but to a lesser degree. Therefore, although increased SM/PC ratios in abetalipoproteinemia may be responsible for decreased erythrocyte membrane fluidity, these effects are dependent upon normal interactions of cholesterol with red cell phospholipid.     

Importance of cholesterol-phospholipid interaction in determining dynamics of normal and abetalipoproteinemia red blood cell membrane

Acanthocytic red blood cells in patients with abetalipoproteinemia have a decrease membrane fluidity that is associated with increased sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine (SM/PC) ratios. Here we describe studies designed to gain better insight into (i) the interrelationship between the composition of lipoprotein and red blood cell membrane in abetalipoproteinemia patients and normal controls; and (ii) how the differences in lipid composition of the red blood cell membrane affect its fluidity. The increased SM/PC ratio found in abetalipoproteinemia plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) (3 times greater than controls) was paralleled by an increase in this ratio in acanthocytic red cells, but to a lesser degree (almost twice greater than control red cells). Cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratios (C/P) were increased 3-fold in abetalipoproteinemia HDL, but only slightly increased in red cells compared to controls values. As in the controls, 80-85% of abetalipoproteinemia red cell sphingomyelin was found to be in the outer half of the erythrocyte membrane. Membrane fluidity was defined in terms of microviscosity (eta) between 5 and 42 degrees C by the fluorescent polarization of 1,6-diphenylhexatriene (DPH) present in erythrocyte ghost membranes. At all temperatures, membrane microviscosity was higher in abetalipoproteinemia ghosts than controls, but these differences decreased at higher temperatures (12.34 vs 9.79 poise, respectively at 10 degrees C; 4.63 vs 4.04 poise at 37 degrees C). These differences were eliminated after oxidation of all membrane cholesterol to cholest-4-en-3-one by incubation with cholesterol oxidase. Following cholesterol oxidation, the membrane microviscosity decreased in patient ghosts more than in normal red blood cells so that at all temperatures no significant differences were present relative to control ghosts, in which the apparent microviscosity was also diminished but to a lesser degree. Therefore, although increased SM/PC ratios in abetalipoproteinemia may be responsible for decreased erythrocyte membrane fluidity, these effects are dependent upon normal interactions of cholesterol with red cell phospholipid.     

Fluorescence polarization study on the increase of membrane fluidity of human erythrocyte ghosts induced by synthetic water-soluble polymers

The effect of water-soluble polymers on the membrane fluidity of human erythrocyte ghosts was investigated and was compared with that of concanavalin A by means of the fluorescence polarization technique. 8-Anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium salt and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene were used as probe molecules. The membrane fluidity was increased by the addition of polycations with concentrations of less than $\text{2 · 10}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}$ wt% 60 min after mixing. The fluidity changes were affected by the chemical structure (hydrophobicity, charge density, etc.) of polycations. Thus, the membrane fluidity increased markedly with increasing charge density on the chain backbone of polycations. On the other hand, nonionic polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) and $\text{poly}\text{(N-}\text{vinyl}\text{-2-}\text{pyrrolidone}$) changed the membrane fluidity in a biphasic manner. That is, the fluidity of human erythrocyte ghost was temporarily increased and then decrease. For example, 20 wt% of poly(ethylene glycol) gave a maximum fluidity 15 min after mixing with erythrocyte ghosts. A similar fluidity change was observed by adding concanavalin A. Such fluidity changes were not observed when lipid bilayer vesicles were used instead of cell membranes. These results suggested that the increase of membrane fluidity resulted from the intramembraneous aggregation of membrane-bound proteins which was induced by the added polymers. Cell agglutination was also induced by the addition of a large amount of polymers. This agglutination was considered to be due to the intermembraneous aggregation of membrane-bound proteins.     

Antioxidative activity of some phenoxy and organophosphorous compounds

Experiments were performed in order to check whether biological activity of some organophosphorous compounds widely applied as herbicides: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1) and its sodium salt (2), N-phosphonomethylglycine acid (3) and its sodium salt (4), diethyl 1-butylamino-1-cyclohexanephosphonate (5) and diethyl 9-butylamino-9-fluorenephosphonate (6) followed from their oxidative activity. The compounds studied differed in their polarity and hydrophobicity. On the contrary, it was found that all herbicides protected erythrocyte membranes against partial peroxidation induced by UV irradiation. The effect was somewhat differentiated and followed the sequence: 5 >1 >2 >6 >3 >4. The observed differences between the antioxidative activities of the compounds are probably related to differences in their ability to incorporate into the lipid phase of the erythrocyte membrane. Once incorporated, they change fluidity of the membranes. The extent of the changes was determined in fluorescence measurements. Polarization and anisotropy coefficients of erythrocyte membranes modified by micromolar concentrations of herbicides at different temperatures were measured for that purpose. Generally, they followed the sequence found for antioxidative activity of the herbicides studied, which confirms the assumption of close correlation between the depth of incorporation of a herbicide into the erythrocyte membrane and its protective efficiency.     

Membrane fluidity of platelets and erythrocytes in patients with Alzheimer's disease and the effect of small amounts of aluminium on platelet and erythrocyte membranes

The membrane fluidity of platelet and erythrocyte membranes in 10 Alzheimer's disease patients and 9 age-matched controls was studied. The platelet membranes of patients with Alzheimer's disease were found to be significantly more fluid than those of controls (p<0.02). However, erythrocyte membranes of Alzheimer patients were less fluid (more viscous) than those of controls (p<0.05). On further investigation of platelet and erythrocyte membranes obtained from healthy volunteers, the fluidity was found to change with increasing aluminium concentrations. When aluminium ammonium sulphate (0.01–10 M) was added to membrane suspensions, the fluidity of platelet membranes was increased, whereas the fluidity of erythrocyte membranes was decreased (i.e. the microviscosity was increased).