都江堰亚热带地区常见植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌*

从都江堰亚热带地区常见植物根围土壤中分离并鉴定了4属27种丛枝菌根真菌,其中无柄囊霉属Acaulospora4种,原囊霉属Archaeospora1种,内养囊霉属Entrophospora2种,球囊霉Glomus20种。其中哥伦比亚内养囊霉Entrophosporacolombiana,澳洲球囊霉Glomusaustrale,卷曲球囊霉G.convolutum,肿涨球囊霉G.gibbosum,球泡球囊霉G.globiferum,异形球囊霉G.heterosporum(A)为我国六个新记录种。     

都江堰亚热带地区常见植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌

从都江堰亚热带地区常见植物根围土壤中分离并鉴定了4属27种丛枝菌根真菌,其中无柄囊霉属Acaulospora 4种,原囊霉属Archaeospora 1种,内养囊霉属Entrophospora 2种,球囊霉Glomus 20种。其中哥伦比亚内养囊霉Entrophospora colombiana,澳洲球囊霉Glomus australe,卷曲球囊霉G．convolutum,肿涨球囊霉G．gibbosum,球泡球囊霉G．globiferum,异形球囊霉G．heterosporum(A)为我国六个新记录种。     

黄河三角洲盐碱地的丛枝菌根真菌

作者调查了黄河三角洲盐碱地丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌的资源状况。共分离鉴定出Acaulospora属6种,Archaespora属2种,Glomus属24种,其中G.melanosporum,G.pansihalos,G.pustulatum,G.tenebrosum等4种为我国的新记录种。     

野生植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌Ⅱ

本文主要报道了野生植物根围Glomus属的17个种,聚球囊霉G.aggregatumSchenck＆Smith,苏格兰球囊霉G.caledonium（Nicol.＆Gerd.）Trappe＆Gerd,近明球囊霉G．claroideumSchenck＆Smith,明球囊霉G．clarumNicolson＆Schenck,缩球囊霉G．constrictumTrappe,透光球囊霉G．diaphanumMorton,幼套球囊霉G．etunicatumBecker＆Gerdemann,集球囊霉G．fasciculatum（Thaxter）Gerd．＆Trappe,何氏球囊霉G．hoiBerch＆Trappe,地球囊霉G.geosporum（Nicol．＆Derd.）Warker,根内球囊霉G．intraradicesSchenck＆Smith,摩西球囊霉G．mosseae（Nicol．＆Gerd.）Gerd.＆Trappe,隐球囊霉G.occultumWalker,网状球囊霉G.reticulatumBhattcharjee＆Mukerji,地表球囊霉G.versiforme（Karsten）Berch,台湾球囊霉G．formosanumWu＆Chen,悬钩子球囊霉G．rubiformeGerdemann＆Trappe）Almeida＆Schenck;内养囊霉属1个种,稀有内养囊霉Entrophosporainfrequens（Hall）Ames＆Schenider。其中,网状球囊霉为我国新记录种。     

野生植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌II.

本文主要报道了野生植物根围Glomus属的17个种,聚球囊霉G. aggregatumSchenck & Smith,苏格兰球囊霉G. caledonium (Nicol. & Gerd.) Trappe & Gerd,近明球囊霉G. claroideum Schenck & Smith,明球囊霉G. clarum Nicolson & Schenck,缩球囊霉G. constrictum Trappe,透光球囊霉G. diaphanum Morton,幼套球囊霉G. etunicatumBecker & Gerdemann,集球囊霉G. fasciculatum (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe,何氏球囊霉G.hoi Berch & Trappe,地球囊霉G. geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) Warker,根内球囊霉G.intraradices Schenck & Smith,摩西球囊霉G. mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe,隐球囊霉G. occultum Walker,网状球囊霉G. reticulatum Bhattcharjee & Mukerji,地表球囊霉G. versiforme (Karsten) Berch,台湾球囊霉G. formosanum Wu & Chen,悬钩子球囊霉G. rubiforme Gerdemann & Trappe) Almeida & Schenck;内养囊霉属1个种,稀有内养囊霉Entrophospora infrequens (Hall) Ames & Schenider.其中,网状球囊霉为我国新记录种.     

新疆北部地区常见植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌

从新疆北部地区24种常见植物根围土壤中分离并鉴定出5属27种丛枝菌根真菌,其中球囊霉属Glomus15种,无梗囊霉属Acaulospora9种,原囊霉属Archaeospora1种,内养囊霉属Entrophospora1种,巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora1种。道氏球囊霉Glomusdominikii是新记录种。     

福建漳州常见药用植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌

为了解闽南地区药用植物根围丛枝菌根真菌多样性分布,作者调查了福建省漳州市20种常见药用植物根围的AM真菌。从福建省漳州市小溪镇、国强乡等地共分离出无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 12种、原囊霉属Archaeospora 1种、巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora 2种、球囊霉属Glomus 42种、盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora 9种,其中沙生球囊霉Glomus arenarium、金黄球囊霉Glomus aureum和厚皮球囊霉Glomus callosum等3种为我国新记录种。     

西藏东南部地区的丛枝菌根真菌

在西藏东南部地区不同生境中的植物根围采集了土壤样品131份,从中分离并鉴定出5属32种丛枝菌根真菌,其中无梗囊霉属Acaulospora11种,原囊霉属Archaeospora1种,球囊霉Glomus17种,和平囊霉Pacispora2种,盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora1种。其中格但无梗囊霉Acaulosporagedanensis,黄孢球囊霉Glomusflavisporum,英弗梅球囊霉Glomusinvermaium,玻利维亚和平囊霉Pacisporaboliviana为我国四个新记录种。     

野生植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌Ⅱ*

本文主要报道了野生植物根围Glomus属的17个种,聚球囊霉G.aggregatumSchenck＆Smith,苏格兰球囊霉G.caledonium（Nicol.＆Gerd.）Trappe＆Gerd,近明球囊霉G．claroideumSchenck＆Smith,明球囊霉G．clarumNicolson＆Schenck,缩球囊霉G．constrictumTrappe,透光球囊霉G．diaphanumMorton,幼套球囊霉G．etunicatumBecker＆Gerdemann,集球囊霉G．Fasciculatum（Thaxter）Gerd．＆Trappe,何氏球囊霉G．hoiBerch＆Trappe,地球囊霉G.geosporum（Nicol．＆Derd.）Warker,根内球囊霉G．intraradicesSchenck＆Smith,摩西球囊霉G．Mosseae（Nicol．＆Gerd.）Gerd.＆Trappe,隐球囊霉G.occultumWalker,网状球囊霉G.reticulatumBhattcharjee＆Mukerji,地表球囊霉G.versiforme（Karsten）Berch,台湾球囊霉G…     

西双版纳地区龙脑香科植物根围的AM真菌

调查了版纳地区龙脑香科植物根围的丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌的资源状况.共分离鉴定出Acaulospora属9种,Archaeospora属2种,Glomus属23种,Paraglomus属1种,Scutellospora属2种,其中Acaulospora rehmii,Glomus convolutum,Glomus magnicaule 3种为我国的新记录种.     

金鱼寄生三代虫的形态学及基于rDNAits序列的分子鉴定

为查明我国金鱼三代虫的种类, 研究采用形态学与分子生物学相结合的方法, 对我国6个金鱼主要养殖区的三代虫进行了调查。通过形态测量分析, 发现了4种三代虫, 分别为: 小林三代虫（Gyrodactylus kobayashii）、G. gurleyi、G. longoacuminatus和三代虫未定种（Gyrodactylus sp.）。而通过核糖体rDNA its序列比对分析, 发现有2种三代虫分别与小林三代虫和G. longoacuminatus相似性在99.1%以上, 有1种与G. gurleyi的相似性在98.2%以上, 另外, 还有1种三代虫与现有序列的相似性都较低, 虽然它与小林三代虫的相似性最高, 也仅为91.0%, 暂为未定种。系统发育分析也显示, 金鱼寄生的3种三代虫分别与小林三代虫、G. gurleyi和G. longoacuminatus聚集在一起, 另外1种单独聚在一起, 这4种三代虫均隶属于G. （Limnonephrotus）亚属, 与G. （Gyrodactylus）亚属的秀丽三代虫（G. elegans）的亲缘关系很远。通过对三代虫样品的抽样调查发现, 小林三代虫存在于所有采样点, 在广州、武汉、郑州3个采样点为优势种, 所占的比率都在60%以上; G. gurleyi在海口、南京和上海为优势种, 所占的比率都在50%以上; G. longoacuminatus和三代虫未定种所占比率均较小。由此可见, 小林三代虫和G. gurleyi是我国金鱼常见的三代虫, G. gurleyi 和G. longoacuminatus是中国三代虫新记录种。       

土壤铅和锌对植物根际丛枝菌根真菌分布的影响

从秦岭凤县铅锌污染区4种植物根际共鉴定出球囊霉属(Glomus)丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal ungi,AMF)12种,其中缩球囊霉(G.constrictum)是该区域的优势种;缩球囊霉、副冠球囊霉(G.coronatum)、苏格兰球囊霉(G.caledonium)和聚丛球囊霉(G.aggregatum)对铅锌污染具有较强的耐性,而地球囊霉(G.geospo-rum)、台湾球囊霉(G.formosanum)、地表球囊霉(G.versiforme)和两型球囊霉(G.dimorphicum)对铅锌污染的耐性较弱.相关分析表明,土壤Pb、Zn、速效P浓度和pH较低时,对AMF丰度有一定的促进作用,当Pb、Zn、速效P浓度和pH较高时,对AMF丰度为抑制作用,AMF丰度与高浓度Pb呈极显著负相关,与高浓度速效P呈显著负相关.通径分析表明,Pb是影响秦岭重金属污染区AMF丰度的主要因素,其直接和间接作用都较大,而pH、速效P和Zn主要通过Pb的间接作用来影响AMF丰度.     

FLORAL PIGMENTATION STUDIES IN THE GENUS GOSSYPIUM II CHEMOTAXONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DIPLOID GOSSYPIUM SPECIES

The chromatographic pigment arrays of nine diploid species (G. arboreum, G. anomalum, G. herbaceum, G. stocksii, G. sturtii, G. thurberi, G. gossypioides, G. raimondii and G. klotzschianum) were studied. Among the Old World cottons, G. sturtii of Australia was very different from the species analyzed. The two species of the Herbacea section (G. herbaceum and G. arboreum) were found to have very similar pigment arrays. Both G. anomalum and G. stocksii were more like the Herbacea species than any other species in the genus, but both G. anomalum and G. stocksii had unique pigment characteristics. Although the evidence obtained so far from pigmentation patterns suggests that some pairs of species are closely related, the pigment arrays do not support the classification of the New World diploids into more than one section. From analysis of pigments of interspecific hybrids and their parents, it was found that with a hybrid and one parent species the pigment array of the other parent species could be predicted. Using this approach, the pigment arrays of three New World diploid species were predicted.     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘短命植物根际AM真菌群落特征研究

调查了我国新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘雅玛里克山和黑山头典型小半灌木荒漠中分布的6种优势短命植物(ephemeral plants)小车前Plantago minuta、囊瓣顶冰花Gagea sacculifera、黑鳞顶冰花Gagea nigra、伊犁郁金香Tulipa iliensis、鸢尾蒜Ixiolirion tataricum和串珠老鹳草Geranium transversale根际土壤中AM真菌多样性、孢子密度、物种丰度、相对多度、频度、重要值等。共分离到无梗囊霉属Acaulospora和球囊霉属Glomus 23种AM真菌。6种植物根际土壤中AM真菌孢子密度无显著差异。其中球囊霉属占有绝对的优势,频度为100%,相对多度为99.8%,为优势属。聚丛球囊霉G.aggregatum、幼套球囊霉G.etunicatum、近明球囊霉G.claroideum、沙漠球囊霉G.deserticola 4种AM真菌频度、孢子密度、相对多度及重要值都显著高于其它AM真菌种类,为优势种;它们的频度均大于50%,且G.aggregatum>G.claroideum>G.etunicatum>G.deserticola;它们的孢子密度大小顺序为G.aggregatum>G.etunicatum>G.claroideum>G.deserticola,其中G.aggregatum的孢子密度、频度、相对多度和重要值最高。     

云南金顶铅锌矿区丛枝菌根真菌多样性的研究

对云南金顶铅锌矿区丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)资源进行了调查,从32种植物的83个根际土壤样本中分离鉴定出5属36种丛枝菌根真菌,其中无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 5种、内养囊霉属Entrophospora 2种、巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora 1种、球囊霉属Glomus 24种及盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora 4种。球囊霉属和无梗囊霉属为金顶铅锌矿区中丛枝菌根真菌的优势属,沃克球囊霉Glomus walkeri是我国的新记录种。近明球囊霉Glomus claroideum、明球囊霉G.clarum、缩球囊霉G.constrictium、地球囊霉G.geosporum、摩西球囊霉G.mossaea、膨胀球囊霉G.pansihalos和疣突球囊霉G.verruculosum是金顶铅锌矿区的优势种;金顶铅锌矿区土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的孢子密度为495-11175个/100g土,平均3368±291(SE,标准误差)个/100g土,每种植物根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的物种丰富度为2-20种,平均11.5种;金顶铅锌矿区植物根际土壤中较高的AMF孢子密度和物种丰富度说明AMF对重金属污染具有较强的抗(耐受)性。     

关于棉属四倍体种起源问题的过氧化物酶同工酶研究

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳和等电聚焦技术,对棉属(Gossypium)A基因组2个二倍体种、D基因组10个二倍体野生种和四倍体2(AD)基因组的3个种进行过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱分析。种间酶谱关系符合形态学,细胞学和遗传学的研究结果,但G.gossypioides,G.thurberi和G.trilobum的酶谱与D基因组其他种有较大差异却与A基因组相似。由二倍体种酶液组成的体外人工混合体与自然四倍体的比较分析表明,四倍体棉种G.darwinii,G.barbadense和G.hirsutum是A基因组和D基因组的异质组合,G.raimondii而不是G.thurberi或G.trilobum为四倍体种祖先基因组的最可能的D亚基因组供体。对过氧化物酶同工酶分析为棉属种间亲缘关系和四倍体起源的研究提供生化遗传依据的可行性进行了阐述。     

Four new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenea,Gyrodactylidae) on gobiid fishes: combined DNA and morphological analyses

Four Gyrodactylus species parasitising four closely related gobiid species in European coastal waters were studied and compared with G. arcuatus Bychowsky sensu Bychowsky & Poljansky (1953) from Gasterosteus aculatus . These were G. gondae n. sp. from Pomatoschistus minutus and P. lozanoi , G. flavescensis n. sp. from Gobiusculus flavescens , G. arcuatoides n. sp. from P. minutus and G. branchialis n. sp. from P. microps. Combined molecular and morphological analyses, as well as morphometric and statistical methods, were used. The ssrRNA V4 region and the complete ITS rDNA region were sequenced. Genetically the four new species are clearly distinct from G. arcuatus . From a morphological point of view, the haptoral hard parts of G. gondae n. sp., G. flavescensis n. sp. and G. arcuatoides n. sp. are related to those of G. arcuatus, while these parts of G. branchialis n. sp. are different, but related to those of G. quadratidigitus Longshaw, Pursglove & Shinn, 2003. For the latter two species, a new species group is formed. The V4 and ITS sequence analyses, however, indicate a close relationship between G. branchialis and the three G. arcuatus-like species.     

Intrageneric structure of the genus Gluconobacter analyzed by the 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer sequences

Forty-nine strains belonging to the genus Gluconobacter were re-examined with respect to their species identification based on the sequences of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS). A phylogenetic tree constructed from the 16S rDNA sequences indicated the presence of five clusters corresponding, respectively, to the major five species of the genus Gluconobacter, namely G. albidus, G. cerinus, G. frateurii, G. oxydans (type species), and G. thailandicus. The type strain of G. asaii, NBRC 3276T (T=type strain) was included in the G. cerinus cluster, which is consistent with the report that G. asaii is a junior subjective synonym of G. cerinus. Existence of the G. albidus, G. cerinus, G. frateurii, G. oxydans, and G. thailandicus clusters was also recognized by the ITS sequence analysis. Both sequence analyses revealed that the G. cerinus and G. frateurii clusters were heterogeneous. The G. cerinus cluster comprised three strains of G. cerinus and one strain of G. frateurii, while the G. frateurii cluster included ten strains of G. frateurii, three of G. cerinus, and eleven of G. oxydans. These results suggest that phenotypic differences among Gluconobacter species are ambiguous and the species definition must be re-evaluated. The 16S rDNA and ITS sequences determined in this study are valuable for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of Gluconobacter species.     

Cytotaxonomic characteristics of the genus Glyptotendipes Kieffer (Chironomidae, Diptera) from fish and retention ponds (Silesia, southern Poland)

The cytotaxonomic characteristics of species of the genus Glyptotendipes (Chironomidae): G. glaucus Meigen, G. paripes Edwards, and G. barbipes (Staeger) are described. The studied material was collected from a fish pond at Go?ysz and a sewage retention pond at Chybie in Silesia. All the studied species have the chromosome set 2n = 8, but with many specific structural and functional changes. The cytogenetic data of G. glaucus showed that the studied specimens of this species have been produced by the introgressive hybridization of two sibling species: G. glaucus x G. pallens, and subsequent crossing-over in the hybrid chromosome CD. Owing to this process, the band pattern of chromosome arm D coincided with those of G. pallens. New aberrations (homo- and heterozygous deletions in arm G as well as heterozygous inversions in chromosome arm B) were detected in G. glaucus. Specific band sequences were discovered in chromosomes of G. paripes. The band patterns established in chromosomes AB and G of this species were identical with those of Siberian populations. The banding patterns of the polytene chromosomes of G. barbipes do not differ from the standard. However, high frequency of pericentric inversion of chromosome AB was established. Many new puffs were found in the polytene chromosomes of all the studied species. Their nucleolar organizer was very sensitive to environmental changes. In G. glaucus it appeared in three different states: very active, slightly active, and heterozygous state. The organic pollution existing in the sewage retention pond may contribute to possible mutations and chromosomal damage in Glypotendipes species. Structural and functional rearrangements of the polytene chromosomes of these species mobilized their genomes and provide for survival under polluted conditions.