药物靶向递送策略在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

本文通过回顾近年来药物靶向递送策略在肿瘤免疫治疗中的有关文献,简述其优势及应用,具体分为以下三个方面进行阐述:主动性靶向递送策略、被动性靶向递送策略及内响应性和外响应性的物理化学靶向递送策略,并提出了目前的不足和未来的展望。分析表明,药物靶向递送策略在肿瘤的免疫治疗中有着广阔的应用前景,为探索更好的肿瘤免疫治疗策略提供了理论基础。     

精确HER2检测实现肿瘤个体化治疗——防止乳腺癌、胃癌HER2患者被漏诊或误诊

2011年5月27日,复旦大学附属肿瘤医院外科名誉主任沈镇宙教授出席并主持了“肿瘤个体化治疗策略”媒体发布会。会议邀请了复旦大学附属肿瘤医院肿瘤内科主任李进教授及复旦大学附属肿瘤医院病理科主任杜祥教授就HER2检测在胃癌和乳腺癌个体化治疗中的重要性及应用前景进行了演讲。     

MUC1 与肿瘤转移的研究进展

黏蛋白1（MUC1）是一种高分子量跨膜糖蛋白,广泛分布于机体正常黏膜表面,具有多种功能。MUC1在肿瘤组织中异常表达,与肿瘤的侵袭、转移和预后密切相关,具有重要的临床应用价值。本文对MUC1的结构、功能及其在多种肿瘤转移中的研究进展进行了综述,并对其在肿瘤的临床诊断及治疗中的作用进行了展望。     

综述——基于纳米材料的生物检测与医学诊断技术：功能化量子点在肿瘤活体成像中的应用

量子点表面经生物分子或药物分子修饰而具有生物功能．功能化量子点具有独特的光学性质和生物相容性,在生物医学光学诊断和治疗领域具有广泛的应用．本文简要介绍了功能化量子点制备及修饰方法,综合评述了量子点在肿瘤活体诊断和治疗中的应用,包括活体淋巴结成像、血管动态成像、肿瘤成像和抗肿瘤药物示踪等,讨论了功能化量子点在肿瘤活体诊断和治疗中的应用前景以及面临的挑战．     

免疫脂质体的研究进展

免疫脂质体作为靶向药物传递体系,具有靶向性、缓释性以及细胞亲和性等独特的优势,成为近年来备受关注的药物载体。免疫脂质体可作为肿瘤化疗药物、放疗药物、基因治疗药物及肿瘤影像诊断剂的载体,用于肿瘤的靶向治疗和检测,在肿瘤临床治疗和诊断中有着广阔的应用前景。综述了免疫脂质体的制备及在肿瘤治疗中的应用进展,以期为免疫脂质体的研究和应用提供参考。     

放射性药物在肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用

放射性药物指供临床诊断或治疗用的放射性核素制剂或其标记化合物。放射性核素靶向治疗是利用对肿瘤细胞具有特异高亲和力的分子载体将核素定向导入特定的肿瘤组织,对肿瘤进行治疗。与传统的放疗和化疗相比,其具有选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞的特点。随着核医学的发展,SPECT/CT、PET/CT的普及,新靶点的发现和新型放射性药物的研发,利用放射性药物进行靶向治疗在肿瘤临床治疗中占据的地位越来越重要。本文简述了放射性药物的分类、组成及特点;综述了针对肿瘤相关抗原的放射免疫药物在非霍奇金淋巴瘤、结直肠癌和前列腺癌中的应用;受体介导的放射性核素药物在治疗神经内分泌肿瘤、前列腺癌和乳腺癌中的临床应用以及基于基因修饰的放射性药物在肿瘤靶向治疗中的实验研究进展。最后总结了放射性药物在肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用前景与面临的挑战,以期为靶向治疗肿瘤的放射性药物的开发和临床应用提供一些参考。     

功能化量子点在肿瘤诊治中的应用

量子点是一种半导体纳米晶体,它可发出激发荧光,具有亮度高、稳定时间长和发射光谱可调节等特性,是同时检测多信号的良好材料.这些独特性质使得它们在肿瘤诊治领域中的应用日益受到人们的重视.对量子点进行功能化修饰,如偶联抗体等活性物质后,可以对肿瘤细胞进行特异性识别及示踪,以实现对肿瘤的诊断和治疗.文中分别从分子靶向识别、淋巴结定位和药物传递等方面探讨了功能化量子点在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的最新进展.此外,还讨论了量子点的毒性以及用于肿瘤检测和治疗的多功能量子点的设计方法,并提出了其实际应用的潜在方向.     

肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体的产生机制及其在肿瘤中的作用

肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体在肿瘤诊断、临床应用方面的价值是目前研究的重点。它不仅可以作为肿瘤早期诊断的生物标记,也可监测治疗效果、判断预后,但目前关于肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体产生机制的研究较少,深入研究其产生机制是阐明肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体促肿瘤或抑肿瘤作用的前提,也是今后研究的重点之一。本文就近年来肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体的产生机制、肿瘤早期诊断及其在肿瘤发生发展和预后中的应用进行总结,为积极寻找特异性强、灵敏度高的肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体及检测组合,明确肿瘤抗原相关自身抗体在不同肿瘤中的意义提供一定的理论参考。     

靶向表观遗传调控的肿瘤治疗进展

新型肿瘤治疗策略开发一直是肿瘤学领域的热点方向。表观遗传变异在肿瘤发生发展中发挥着重要作用,包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA等多个层面的调控机制。近年来,鉴于表观遗传动态可逆的特点,靶向表观遗传调控作为一种新型的肿瘤治疗策略备受关注。该文将从肿瘤表观遗传特征的治疗策略和靶向表观遗传调控克服肿瘤治疗抵抗两方面综述靶向表观遗传调控在肿瘤治疗中的最新进展,旨在为肿瘤治疗领域的研究人员提供参考和启发,促进靶向表观遗传调控方案在肿瘤治疗中的应用与发展。     

microRNA126与结肠癌关系研究进展

microRNA是一类高度保守的非编码RNA,在诱导调控肿瘤发生发展方面的研究已有了众多的成果。microRNA126被认为是一种肿瘤抑制因子,对多种肿瘤的增殖、迁移、侵袭及预后等起着显著的抑制作用,microRNA126在大部分肿瘤组织中呈低表达,并且与肿瘤的发生发展呈负相关,在肿瘤的诊断、治疗及预后判断等方面具有潜在价值。本文主要对近年来microRNA126在结肠癌中的发生发展研究新进展作一综述,为结肠癌新诊断和治疗策略的制订提供基础理论依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.