哺乳动物细胞灌流培养工艺开发与优化

近年来生物药市场需求量激增,高产量、高质量、低成本的哺乳动物细胞灌流培养工艺顺势成为工业界和学术界普遍关注的热点。文中围绕灌流培养工艺特有的操作环节及工艺优化应着重关注的细节展开论述,综述了近年来在灌流培养工艺开发和优化上取得的进步和提出的策略,以期为哺乳动物细胞灌流培养技术的开发提供参考。     

狂犬病毒单克隆抗体CHO细胞灌流培养中细胞特异性灌流速率的研究

目的 研究灌流培养中,不同的细胞特异性灌流速率(cell specific perfusion rate, CSPR)对狂犬病毒单克隆抗体CHO细胞生长及抗体蛋白表达的影响,摸索适合本细胞株灌流培养的CSPR。方法 在标号为CSPR 1～5[CSPR1;0.02 nL/(细胞·d)、CSPR2:0.03 nL/(细胞·d)、CSPR3:0.04 nL/(细胞·d)、CSPR4:0.05 nL/(细胞·d)、CSPR5:0.06 nL/(细胞·d),每组3个重复]的15个TPP管中按100万个/mL的初始密度接种相同的CHO种子细胞;摇床中,以转速225 r/min、CO₂浓度5.0%、湿度80%和温度37℃的条件培养细胞;以后每天取细胞样品,分别检测活细胞密度(viable cell density, VCD)、细胞活率、葡萄糖浓度、乳酸浓度和渗透压。接种3 d起,每天分别从CSPR 1～5的各管中,按0.02～0.06 nL/(细胞·d)的CSPR计算所需要更换的细胞悬液体积,将各管中的细胞悬液离心,取出相应体积的上清并补入相同体积的新鲜培养液重悬细胞后,继续培...     

连续灌流培养杂交瘤细胞生产单克隆抗体

自 2 0世纪 70年代以来 ,工程抗体在基础医学研究、临床诊断和治疗 ,以及免疫预防等领域中的广泛应用 ,大大促进了其产业化的进程。目前工业化生产单克隆抗体的主要方法是通过发酵罐、中空纤维和固定床等生物反应器培养系统 ,以微载体、微包囊法在体外大规模高密度培养杂交瘤细胞 ,再通过相关的纯化手段浓缩纯化制备抗体[1 ,2 ] 。就操作方式而言 ,一般采用两个基本策略 :①大容量高密度的悬浮培养 ,最多采用的是搅拌式气升式生物反应器 ,通过微载体依托细胞相对固定化 ,降低了搅拌培养时对细胞的剪切力 ,提高细胞的密度和稳定性及生产率。…     

哺乳动物细胞表达系统及其研究进展

从表达载体、宿主细胞、表达系统的类型及选择等四个方面对哺乳动物细胞系统进行了综述。对相关的研究进展,如高效启动子的发现和改构、新型细胞株的建立及诱导表达调控系统亦作了简要介绍。通过这些阐述,期望能建立一个简洁而清晰的有关该表达系统的框架,对在实验中决定选取何种载体、细胞株或何种表达方式时能够有所提示。     

哺乳动物细胞电融合技术及其影响因素的研究进展

细胞电融合技术是指利用电脉冲促使两个或更多个不同的细胞融合在一起的过程。由于可以获得较高的融合率,而且可以在显微镜下定向诱导细胞融合和直接挑选杂种细胞,故电融合技术得到了广泛的应用。电融合技术对于哺乳动物杂种细胞的构建;哺乳动物四倍体发育的研究;以及胚胎细胞核移植都具有十分重要的意义。因此,人们对哺乳动物的电融合问题进行了大量的研究,现将这方面的研究进展做一综述。 (一)电融合技术的原理及方法 悬于平行电极之间的低电导率溶液中的细胞,在适当强度与持续时间的直流电脉冲的刺激下,其细胞膜可发生可逆电击穿,此时如两个具有膜微孔的细胞紧穿接触,可导致细胞质桥的形成,进而发生细胞融合。     

哺乳动物细胞高效表达系统研究进展

哺乳动物细胞高效表达系统是基因工程制药研究中的一个重要内容,而表达载体和宿主细胞是哺乳动物细胞表达系统的2个基本组成部分。近年来通过降低目的基因的位置效应、提高目的基因的转录和翻译水平以及目的基因的拷贝数等方面构建哺乳动物细胞高效表达载体。与此同时,研究也对宿主细胞进行了多方面的改造,使之能更好地适应工业化大规模培养的要求,从而降低细胞培养和产品纯化的成本。本就哺乳动物细胞高效表达载体的构建及宿主细胞的改造等方面的最新进展作一简述。     

利用哺乳动物细胞表达外源蛋白的研究进展

利用哺乳动物细胞表达外源蛋白已广泛应用于生物产品的制备,哺乳动物细胞是表达具有天然活性蛋白的最佳宿主,且具有易被转染,遗传稳定,产物可分泌表达,并易于纯化和大规模生产等方面的优势。本文对选择载体类型,载体元件（包括启动子,增强子,选择标记等）以及在哺乳动物细胞大规模培养过程中培养环境,细胞凋亡的抑制和控制细胞增殖和基因表达的Tet-switch系统等方面的进展作一综述,以探讨提高该系统表达产量的有效方法,更好地应用于生物制品的生产。     

Perfusion mammalian cell culture for recombinant protein manufacturing – A critical review

The manufacturing of recombinant protein is traditionally divided in two main steps: upstream (cell culture and synthesis of the target protein) and downstream (purification and formulation of the protein into a drug substance or drug product). Today, cost pressure, market uncertainty and market growth, challenge the existing manufacturing technologies. Leaders in the field are active in designing the process of the future and continuous manufacturing is recurrently mentioned as a potential solution to address some of the current limitations. This review focuses on the application of continuous processing to the first step of the manufacturing process. Enabling technologies and operation modes are described in the first part. In the second part, recent advances in the field that have the potential to support its successful future development are critically discussed.     

动物细胞流加培养的技术现状和发展趋势

流加培养是当前重组蛋白生产的主流培养模式。流加式操作主要是根据细胞对营养物质的不断消耗和需求,设计连续或半连续的流加浓缩营养物,使细胞持续高密度的生长,提高单位反应器体积内目的蛋白产量,从而达到高效生产的目的。流加培养工艺的关键技术主要包培养基的优化设计、流加策略的选择及优化、细胞代谢的调控。     

A method to maintain mammalian cells for days alive at 4 °C

This paper describes a method for the temporary storage of cultured cells. Cells from recently completed cell monolayers were trypsinized and then centrifuged. After centrifugation, the supernatant and pellet were kept at 4 °C for one week. After storage, the supernatant was discarded, the cells were resuspended and used for seeding new flasks and for titration of virus. The cells not only remained viable, but also rapidly formed new monolayers and allowed immediate infection and growth of viruses. We conclude that this method can be a helpful asset to cell culture experiments.     

Scale-up of suspension and anchorage-dependent animal cells

Alternative culture processes for laboratory scale-up (to 20 L) are described for both suspension and anchorage-dependent cells. Systems range from simple multiple culture units such as the roller bottle, through stirred suspension and microcarrier unit bioreactors, to highly sophisticated perfusion culture capable of maintaining cells at densities of about 10⁸/mL. Critical parameters in scale-up are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each culture system are critically evaluated.     

Effect of culture temperature on follicle-stimulating hormone production by Chinese hamster ovary cells in a perfusion bioreactor

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using a perfusion bioreactor. Perfusion culture at 37°C yielded a high cell density but a low FSH production. To investigate the effect of culture temperature in the range of 26–37°C on cell growth and FSH production, batch cultures were performed. Lowering culture temperature below 32°C resulted in growth suppression. However, specific productivity of FSH, q _FSH, increased as culture temperature decreased, and the maximum q _FSH of 43.4 ng/10⁶ cells/h was obtained at 28°C, which is 13-fold higher than that at 37°C. Based on the results obtained from batch cultures, we performed perfusion cultures with two consecutive temperatures. CHO cells were grown up to 3.2 × 10⁷ cells/ml at 37°C and culture temperature shifted down to 28°C to obtain a high FSH titer. Soon after the maximum FSH titer of 21 μg/ml was achieved, a rapid loss of not only viable cell concentration but also cell viability was observed, probably due to the low activities of enzymes related to cell growth. Thus, the extension of production period at 28°C is critical for the enhancement of FSH production, and the use of antiapoptotic genes seems to be promising.     

高通量微型生物反应器的研究进展

近年来,哺乳动物细胞培养技术发展迅猛,基于此技术的生物制药行业更是异军突起。在激烈的生物药市场竞争中,缩短研发时间和降低研发成本是制胜的关键。与传统的生物反应器相比,高通量微型生物反应器具有操作简单、运行通量高、实验重复性好等优点,可大大缩短研发周期,降低人力、物力成本,因此成为了生物制药行业最新的研究热点之一。目前,已成功应用于生物药物研发的微型生物反应器有Simcell ^TM、Ambr 15 ^TM、Ambr 250 ^TM等,分别适用于工艺开发中的不同阶段。以上述三种微型生物反应器为例,介绍高通量微型反应器在哺乳动物细胞培养工艺开发中的研究现状及发展前景。     

The application of SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry to mammalian cell culture

Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time-of-Fight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) is a technique by which protein profiles can be rapidly produced from a wide variety of biological samples. By employing chromatographic surfaces combined with the specificity and reproducibility of mass spectrometry it has allowed for profiles from complex biological samples to be analysed. Profiling and biomarker identification have been employed widely throughout the biological sciences. To date, however, the benefits of SELDI-TOF MS have not been realised in the area of mammalian cell culture. The advantages in identifying markers for cell stresses, apoptosis and other culture parameters mean that these tools could help greatly to enhance monitoring and control of bioreaction process and improve the production of therapeutics. Better characterisation of culture systems through proteome analysis will allow for improved productivity and better yields.     

Photosynthetic development of Ocimum basilicum cells on transition from phosphate to fructose limitation

Continuous culture was used to establish a steady state in fructose excess. Phosphate in the Murashige and Skoog type medium was found to be limiting growth; when phosphate concentration in the medium feed was doubled, the concentration of dry biomass and of all biomass elements increased After doubling the phosphate concentration fructose became limiting. Ocimun basilicum cells responded to the transition from phosphate limitation to fructose limitation by becoming greener and more photosynthetic; consequently, the yield on fructose increased.