愿生物化学植根中华 根深叶茂 蔚然成荫——生物化学工作55年

生物化学是本世纪的一门新兴学科,在我国高等学校开设这一门课程约有60年的历史。在     

浅议医学生物化学教学方式改革

医学生物化学是我国高等院校医学人才培养中的一门必修专业课程,这门课程涉及概念繁多,结构复杂、知识点多且较为抽象,在教师讲授和学生学习过程中有一定困难。本文探究该门课程在讲授过程中容易产生的问题,剖析其内在原因,提出可行的教学改革方式,以提升课堂教学质量、提升学生学习效果为目的进行探讨,达到高等医学教育以培养新型复合型临床医学人才的根本目标。     

食品生物化学教学方法改革初探

食品生物化学是华南理工大学食品科学与工程专业本科生开设的一门专业基础课。本文结合专业特点以及教学实际情况,采用各种不同的教学方法:突出重点、问题式教学以及课后问题、期中小论文等,提高了食品生物化学这门课的教学质量,取得了很好的教学效果。通过改革,激发了学生的学习主动性,提高了学生的科学思维能力,促进了综合素质人才的培养。     

吉林省高中生物学选修1开设的现状和建议

普通高中生物学课程选修模块中,选修1“生物技术实践”是我国普通高中首次开设的一门生物学课程。这是一门以学生为主体,通过实验设计和实践操作,学习科学探究的选修课程。本模块的实施,既是尝试,也是创新。     

高校生物化学首堂课教学方法探索与实践

生物化学作为医学、生命科学等专业学生必修的一门学科基础课程,理论性强、概念抽象、内容较多、逻辑关系复杂,是教学难度相对较大的一门课程。本文通过阐述在首堂课授课过程中,从任课教师如何塑造良好的自身形象,如何形象生动地引入生物化学的研究内容,如何通过展现生物化学的魅力来激发学生的学习热情和兴趣,如何使用巧妙的方法学好这门课程,以及如何将课程思政理念融入到生物化学课程中等诸多方面,探讨了在授课过程中的一些教学方法和实践,以期改变生物化学课堂不受学生喜爱的现状,为生物化学课程教学改革提供一些思路和参考。     

物理专业生物化学教学的探索与实践

生物化学是一门基础课程,其课程体系严谨,理论知识较难,更新速度很快,新知识、新技术层出不穷。对开设了生物化学课程的物理专业学生来讲,他们化学基础差,有机化学知识的相对缺乏,掌握好该课程还存在一定的难度。从教材的选择、教学内容的优化和更新、课堂研讨的开展、考试形式的优化等方面对物理专业《生物化学》选修课进行了教学改革探讨,将对拓宽学生专业视野、提升学生的综合素质及创新能力、培养跨学科综合性人才起到积极作用。     

美国高校生态学专业的课程设置及人才培养特点

生态学现已成为一门宏观与微观相结合、多学科交叉的综合学科。美国高校的生态学专业注重生态学相关理论和分析方法、实验技能及应用的系统培养, 课程设置也充分体现这一特点。以美国佐治亚大学、加州大学戴维斯分校和芝加哥大学的生态学专业为例, 主要表现在：开设的学科交叉复合课程多、在课程设置上遵循循序渐进的原则, 注重课程梯度; 研讨类课程较多; 倡导实行主辅修制, 强化实践教学、提高学生实践和研究能力等方面。这些做法可为我国高校在生态学专业建设和人才培养过程中提供参考。     

《生物技术概论》本科教学的实践与探索

《生物技术概论》是我校生物技术专业开设的一门必修专业基础课程。学好这门课程,将为学生今后在生物技术相关领域进行研究或者工作奠定良好的理论和技术基础。作者结合自己在《生物技术概论》课程教学中的亲身体会,对教材选择、教学时间、教学方法、考核方式及课外实践等方面进行了探讨和总结。     

案例在遗传与优生教学中的应用

“遗传与优生”课程是遗传学与优生学相结合的一门交叉性学科, 是国内许多高校在教育教学改革中开设的一门通识课程。通过案例进行教学可以有效提升学生学习的积极性, 收到较好的教学效果。文章针对“遗传与优生”课程教学中应用案例进行教学所应注意的问题进行了讨论。     

植物生长调节剂应用技术教学思考

植物生长调节剂应用技术是在农业类高等职业院校中普遍开设的一门专业选修课,怎样把这门课程建设好、教好是课程建设负责人和教师考虑的主要问题,通过几轮的教学实践和对高职高专培养目标、专业培养目标的学习和认识作者就教学内容的选取和如何组织教学进行了论述,可供从事同一门课程教学工作的同行参考交流。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.