ZEB1上调神经细胞黏附分子促进胶质瘤细胞侵袭与转移

胶质瘤是一种较为常见的颅内恶性肿瘤,其侵袭转移能力强,影响临床疗效。探讨胶质瘤发生侵袭转移的分子机制,寻找新的靶点干预胶质瘤侵袭转移是目前亟待解决的重大课题。我们前期研究中发现,神经细胞黏附分子（neuronal cell adhesion molecule, NRCAM）在各种胶质瘤细胞中的表达量均显著高于其在人正常星形胶质细胞(NHA)中的表达量（NRCAM在胶质瘤A172和T98G中的表达量分别是其在NHA中的2.15和17.63倍）;且根据人类蛋白质组学数据库信息及qRT-PCR结果证实,NRCAM在胶质瘤组织中的表达量也显著高于其在正常组织中的表达。Kaplan-Meier分析提示,高表达的NRCAM与胶质瘤患者较差的预后正相关。在此基础上,通过生物信息学预测的方法结合双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实,转录因子锌指E盒结合蛋白1(ZEB1)能够增加NRCAM启动子活性,上调NRCAM mRNA和蛋白质水平的表达量。通过Transwell实验证实,在过表达ZEB1的胶质瘤细胞A172中,沉默NRCAM将抑制该细胞的侵袭能力。而在敲低ZEB1的胶质瘤细胞T98G中,过表达NRCAM将增加该细胞的侵袭能力。总之,NRCAM在胶质瘤中显著高表达且与患者较差的预后正相关。ZEB1转录上调NRCAM来增加胶质瘤细胞侵袭能力。     

SPP1在头颈部鳞状细胞癌的免疫浸润及临床相关性分析

探讨分泌型磷蛋白1 (Secreted Phosphoprotein 1,SPP1)在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HNSC)中与免疫浸润及临床的相关性,明确SPP1在HNSC预后和个体化治疗中的潜在价值。使用癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA)HNSC数据分析SPP1表达。使用来自TCGA的临床生存数据评估SPP1的临床预后价值。使用R语言的clusterProfiler包进行SPP1相关的富集分析。使用R语言的CIBERSORT函数评估22种肿瘤浸润免疫细胞在HNSC中的浸润情况,分析肿瘤浸润免疫细胞与SPP1表达之间的关联。差异表达分析发现SPP1在HNSC中高表达(P<0.001),临床相关性分析发现SPP1表达与T分期(P=0.001)、临床分期(P=0.013)相关,SPP1高表达患者的总生存期明显短于低表达患者(P=0.020 4)。基因富集分析发现SPP1在HNSC中与免疫学功能及免疫相关通路有关联。肿瘤浸润免疫细胞分析发现在高SPP1表达组中,M2巨噬细胞(...     

苯胺嘧啶衍生物X-9通过下调整合素β1表达抑制肝细胞癌迁移侵袭

整合素在许多肿瘤细胞中高表达,并且参与肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移。在肝细胞癌中,整合素β1被报导高表达,并促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭。目前,对于整合素的表达调控癌细胞机制以及干预其表达进而抑制肿瘤细胞转移的研究较少。本研究探讨利用小分子化合物抑制整合素表达来抑制肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭的可能。首先,对临床肝癌细胞患者癌组织和癌旁组织中的整合素β1的表达进行检测,发现其在癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织（P<0.05）。对TCGA肿瘤数据库的生物信息学分析结果同样显示,整合素β1的高表达与肝癌的分期（P=0.019）和预后（P=0.013）相关。通过筛选发现,苯胺嘧啶衍生物X09可以抑制肝癌细胞中整合素β1的mRNA和蛋白质的表达（P<0.01）。细胞划痕愈合实验和细胞穿孔实验结果显示,苯胺嘧啶衍生物X-9能够抑制肝癌细胞的迁移和侵袭（P<0.01）。进一步的研究证实,在肝癌细胞中外源表达整合素β1可以逆转X-9对肝癌细胞迁移和侵袭的抑制;而在敲低整合素β1的细胞中,X-9对细胞的迁移和侵袭的抑制被消除。因此,鉴定出苯胺嘧啶衍生物X-9可以通过下调整合素β1表达,进而抑制肝癌细胞的迁移和侵袭。     

miR-145通过靶向吞噬和细胞活力蛋白1抑制乳腺癌细胞侵袭

吞噬和细胞活力蛋白1（engulfment and cell motility protein 1,ELMO1）可以促进多种癌细胞的侵袭和转移,但ELMO1的表达是否受miRNA的调控鲜有研究。本研究旨在探讨miR-145与ELMO1表达的相关性,以及miR-145通过结合ELMO1的mRNA对乳腺癌侵袭的影响。通过TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org/)靶基因预测软件预测与ELMO1的3′UTR结合的miR-145。荧光素酶结果证实两者互补结合。Transwell侵袭结果显示,miR-145组和siELMO1+miR-145组MDA-231乳腺癌细胞穿膜数较对照组分别降低40%（P＜0.05）和79%（P＜0.05）。siELMO1+miR-145组和siELMO1组细胞穿膜数则无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示,miR-145通过与ELMO1的mRNA结合抑制细胞侵袭。qRT-PCR显示,低侵袭的MCF-7乳腺癌细胞miR-145的表达量较高侵袭的MDA-435细胞高80%（P＜0.05）,较MDA-231乳腺癌细胞高75%（P＜0.05）,即miR-145与癌细胞侵袭能力呈负相关。Western印迹结果表明,miR-145组ELMO1表达量低于阴性对照组,miR-145 抑制组ELMO1表达量高于抑制剂NC组（P＜0.05）,证明miR-145抑制ELMO1的表达。qRT-PCR显示,过表达miR-145后ELMO1 mRNA含量与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示,miR-145对ELMO1的调控作用通过抑制其翻译实现。F-肌动蛋白聚合实验表明,miR-145组和阴性对照组于20 s和60 s时F-肌动蛋白聚合结果存在明显区别（P＜0.05）。Western 印迹结果表明,miR-145组活化的Rac1表达量较阴性对照组降低60%（P<0.05）,抑制剂NC组活化的Rac1较miR-145 抑制组降低55%（P<0.05）;miR-145组磷酸化的整合素β1较对照组于15 min时降低42%（P<0.05）,于30 min时降低31%（P<0.05）。由此得出的miR-145过表达显著促进乳腺癌细胞F-肌动蛋白聚合、Rac1活化和整合素β1磷酸化结论。综上所述,miR-145通过靶向ELMO1的 mRNA抑制ELMO1翻译,从而抑制乳腺癌的侵袭。     

miR-145通过靶向吞噬和细胞活力蛋白1抑制乳腺癌细胞侵袭

吞噬和细胞活力蛋白1（engulfment and cell motility protein 1,ELMO1）可以促进多种癌细胞的侵袭和转移,但ELMO1的表达是否受miRNA的调控鲜有研究。本研究旨在探讨miR-145与ELMO1表达的相关性,以及miR-145通过结合ELMO1的mRNA对乳腺癌侵袭的影响。通过TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org/)靶基因预测软件预测与ELMO1的3′UTR结合的miR-145。荧光素酶结果证实两者互补结合。Transwell侵袭结果显示,miR-145组和siELMO1+miR-145组MDA-231乳腺癌细胞穿膜数较对照组分别降低40%（P＜0.05）和79%（P＜0.05）。siELMO1+miR-145组和siELMO1组细胞穿膜数则无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示,miR-145通过与ELMO1的mRNA结合抑制细胞侵袭。qRT-PCR显示,低侵袭的MCF-7乳腺癌细胞miR-145的表达量较高侵袭的MDA-435细胞高80%（P＜0.05）,较MDA-231乳腺癌细胞高75%（P＜0.05）,即miR-145与癌细胞侵袭能力呈负相关。Western印迹结果表明,miR-145组ELMO1表达量低于阴性对照组,miR-145 抑制组ELMO1表达量高于抑制剂NC组（P＜0.05）,证明miR-145抑制ELMO1的表达。qRT-PCR显示,过表达miR-145后ELMO1 mRNA含量与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示,miR-145对ELMO1的调控作用通过抑制其翻译实现。F-肌动蛋白聚合实验表明,miR-145组和阴性对照组于20 s和60 s时F-肌动蛋白聚合结果存在明显区别（P＜0.05）。Western 印迹结果表明,miR-145组活化的Rac1表达量较阴性对照组降低60%（P<0.05）,抑制剂NC组活化的Rac1较miR-145 抑制组降低55%（P<0.05）;miR-145组磷酸化的整合素β1较对照组于15 min时降低42%（P<0.05）,于30 min时降低31%（P<0.05）。由此得出的miR-145过表达显著促进乳腺癌细胞F-肌动蛋白聚合、Rac1活化和整合素β1磷酸化结论。综上所述,miR-145通过靶向ELMO1的 mRNA抑制ELMO1翻译,从而抑制乳腺癌的侵袭。     

苯胺嘧啶衍生物X-9通过下调整合素β1表达抑制肝细胞癌迁移侵袭

整合素在许多肿瘤细胞中高表达,并且参与肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移。在肝细胞癌中,整合素β1被报导高表达,并促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭。目前,对于整合素的表达调控癌细胞机制以及干预其表达进而抑制肿瘤细胞转移的研究较少。本研究探讨利用小分子化合物抑制整合素表达来抑制肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭的可能。首先,对临床肝癌细胞患者癌组织和癌旁组织中的整合素β1的表达进行检测,发现其在癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织（P<0.05）。对TCGA肿瘤数据库的生物信息学分析结果同样显示,整合素β1的高表达与肝癌的分期（P=0.019）和预后（P=0.013）相关。通过筛选发现,苯胺嘧啶衍生物X09可以抑制肝癌细胞中整合素β1的mRNA和蛋白质的表达（P<0.01）。细胞划痕愈合实验和细胞穿孔实验结果显示,苯胺嘧啶衍生物X-9能够抑制肝癌细胞的迁移和侵袭（P<0.01）。进一步的研究证实,在肝癌细胞中外源表达整合素β1可以逆转X-9对肝癌细胞迁移和侵袭的抑制;而在敲低整合素β1的细胞中,X-9对细胞的迁移和侵袭的抑制被消除。因此,鉴定出苯胺嘧啶衍生物X-9可以通过下调整合素β1表达,进而抑制肝癌细胞的迁移和侵袭。     

CXCR4/Akt信号通路对食管癌细胞侵袭和肿瘤转移的调控作用

多项研究发现CXCR4在各种类型的癌症中高表达,然而尚不清楚CXCR4在食管癌细胞生长和转移中的作用。本研究检测了CXCR4在食管癌组织和细胞系(TE-1)中的表达,并通过转染CXCR4-短发夹RNA(CXCR4-sh RNA)慢病毒来敲低TE-1细胞中CXCR4的表达。应用PI3K/AKT抑制剂LY294002(50μmol/L)处理TE-1细胞12 h来考察AKT信号在食管癌细胞生长和转移中的作用;应用蛋白质印迹分析检测AKT和Rho家族蛋白(RhoA,Rac-1和Cdc42)的表达;应用CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖;Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭;对雄性BALB/c-nu/nu裸鼠皮下注射转染CXCR4-shRNA的TE-1细胞建立肿瘤异种移植模型。研究显示,CXCR4在食管癌组织中的表达水平明显高于癌旁组织,并且与TNM分期和淋巴结转移有关。CXCR4在人食管鳞状细胞癌细胞系(TE-1)中的表达水平明显高于人正常食管上皮细胞系(human normal esophageal epithelial cell line,HEEC)。敲低CXCR4能抑制食管鳞状细胞癌细胞的增殖和侵袭能力,并抑制肿瘤异种移植裸鼠的肿瘤形成。敲低CXCR4抑制了AKT的磷酸化及RhoA、Rac-1和Cdc42的表达。此外,PI3K/AKT抑制剂LY294002处理显著降低了TE-1细胞中AKT的磷酸化,并降低了RhoA、Rac-1和Cdc42的表达。本研究表明,CXCR4在食管癌患者中上调,与不良预后相关。下调CXCR4的表达可在体内和体外抑制食管癌肿瘤的生长和转移。下调CXCR4可通过抑制AKT信号的激活来抑制Rho家族粘附/侵袭相关蛋白的表达,从而抑制肿瘤转移。     

GJA1在结直肠癌组织中表达及促进侵袭转移的研究

摘要 目的：间隙连接Alpha-1蛋白（Gap Junction Alpha-1,GJA1）是间隙连接中分布最广泛的蛋白,并在多种肿瘤中起促癌作用,但其在结直肠癌发生、发展的作用研究甚少。本实验旨在探究GJA1在结直肠癌组织中的表达情况及其对结直肠癌细胞系侵袭、转移能力的影响,以期为结直肠癌的诊断和预后寻找新的生物标志物。方法：收集92对结直肠癌及其癌旁组织样本,提取组织RNA,利用qRT-PCR检测GJA1相对表达量,并分析GJA1表达与临床病理特征及预后的相关性。在HCT116和HCT8两种结直肠癌细胞系中分别构建GJA1过表达载体和敲减载体,利用qRT-PCR和、Western Blot检测上皮间充质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT）相关蛋白E-Cadherin、N-Cadherin、Vimentin和Snail的表达变化,利用Wound healing和Transwell实验观察其迁移、侵袭能力的变化。结果：相对于癌旁组织,GJA1在结直肠癌组织中显著低表达。并且结直肠癌中低表达的GJA1与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴血管转移相关,低表达GJA1结直肠癌患者显示更差的总体生存率和更低的无病生存率。此外,过表达GJA1后,结直肠癌细胞E-cadherin的表达升高,N-cadherin、Vimentin和Snail的表达降低,划痕愈合减慢,Transwell转移细胞减少;而敲减GJA1后,结直肠癌细胞E-Cadherin的表达降低,N-Cadherin、Vimentin和Snail的表达升高,划痕愈合加快,Transwell转移细胞增多。结论：GJA1在结直肠癌中低表达,其表达降低可通过EMT促进结直肠癌的侵袭、转移并影响病人预后。     

FOXG1在结直肠癌侵袭及转移中的作用及机制

构建叉头框G1(Forkhead box G1,FOXG1)的慢病毒干扰(shRNA)质粒及表达质粒,通过敲低和过表达FOXG1探讨其对结直肠癌细胞上皮-间质转化EMT的作用及其机制。应用Western blotting检测FOXG1在RKO、SW480、SW620、LOVO、DLD-1五种结直肠癌细胞中蛋白的表达水平,设计并合成FOXG1的shRNA片段(shFOXG1),运用DNA重组技术获得重组质粒,经双酶切技术及测序方法鉴定后进行慢病毒的包装、纯化及稳定转染,经筛选后获得稳定的结直肠癌细胞株,通过Western blotting和qRT-PCR技术检测FOXG1敲低和过表达效率及EMT关键因子E-cadherin、Vimentin、Fibronectin、Snail、Twist mRNA和蛋白的变化,光学显微镜观察敲低后细胞形态学变化,通过划痕实验检测迁移能力变化,Transwell检测侵袭迁移能力的变化。5种结直肠癌细胞中,FOXG1在RKO细胞中蛋白表达量最高,而在DLD-1细胞中表达量最低,与对照组相比较,在RKO细胞中敲低FOXG1,细胞形态由长梭型变成了类圆形或者多边形,细胞极性和紧密连接增加,细胞迁移距离明显降低,侵袭转移穿过小室的细胞数也明显减少,EMT关键因子E-cadherin表达增高,Vimentin、Fibronectin、Snail、Twist表达降低,过表达FOXG1组则相反。FOXG1在结直肠癌中高表达,这种基因的高表达能够促进结直肠癌细胞的侵袭和转移,对结直肠癌细胞的EMT起着重要的调控作用。     

miR-9-5p靶向Ambra1促进舌癌细胞增殖

miRNAs在肿瘤中异常表达,且与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。目前发现,miR-9-5p在肿瘤中可能发挥原癌或抑癌效应,功能尚未完全阐述清楚。本文拟探讨miR-9-5p在舌癌中的作用。前期研究中收集10例舌癌组织及配对的癌旁组织,实时荧光定量PCR技术检测后发现,miR-9-5p在舌癌组织中的表达量显著高于癌旁组织,且其在舌癌细胞中的表达量也明显高于正常舌上皮细胞。此外,在舌癌细胞Tca8113中过表达miR-9-5p显著增加细胞的增殖能力。生物信息学预测及双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实,miR-9-5p可直接结合在自噬/苄氯素1调节因子1（activating molecule in beclin1-regulated autophagy, Ambra1）的 3′-UTR区域,靶向抑制Ambra1表达。Western印迹结果证实过表达miR-9-5p降低Ambra1的表达,反之亦然。Ambra1在舌癌细胞中的表达量显著低于正常舌上皮细胞。BrdU实验证实在舌癌细胞SCC-25中过表达Ambra1可显著抑制其增殖能力;相反,使用siRNA技术沉默Ambra1能够显著促进Tca8113细胞的增殖。在干预miR-9-5p的细胞中同时干预Ambra1的表达,结果发现Ambra1可显著逆转miR-9-5p对舌癌细胞增殖的促进作用。总之,miR-9-5p在舌癌中可能发挥原癌基因样作用,通过直接靶向抑制Ambra1表达进而促进舌癌细胞发生增殖。     

Knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 suppresses cell proliferation and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the effects of LncRNAZFAS1 on cell proliferation and tumor metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we detected the expression level of LncRNAZFAS1 in NSCLC-related tissues and cells. qRT-PCR results revealed that LncRNAZFAS1 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue, especially significantly up-regulated in stage III / IV and in metastatic NSCLC tissues. LncRNAZFAS1 expression was dramatically up-regulated in 4 NSCLC-related cells (A549, SPC-A1, SK-MES-1, and NCI-H1299), with having the highest expression level in A549 cells. Furthermore, we implemented a knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 in A549 cells, and the results of CCK8 and Transwell assays suggested that knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 significantly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis. Next, we constructed a tumor xenograft model to evaluate the effect of LncRNAZFAS1 on the NSCLC cell proliferation in vivo. The results indicated that knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 dramatically inhibited A549 cells proliferation and repressed tumor growth. Additionally, knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 drastically weakened the expressions of MMP2, MMP9 and Bcl-2 proteins, whereas noticeably strengthened the expression of BAX protein. Our results altogether suggest that knockdown of LncRNAZFAS1 has a negative effect on the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cell, which implying LncRNAZFAS1 is a potential unfavorable biomarker in patients with NSCLC.     

Suppression of bcl-2 gene by RNA interference increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE1

To explore the effect of suppressing BCL-2 expression using RNA interference (RNAi) technique in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE1. CNE1 cell lines stably expressing shRNAs targeted bcl-2 and GL3 gene were established and gene expression inhibition was assessed by Western blotting analysis. The effect of suppressing bcl-2 by RNAi on cell growth was studied, the apoptosis induction and the sensitization of CNE1 cells to cisplatin were quantified by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The results showed that: stable transfection of CNE1     

间质表皮转化因子通过PI3K/AKT/MMPs信号通路促进肺腺癌细胞的侵袭转移

间质表皮转化因子（mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor,MET）在多种癌症中异常表达,影响肿瘤的发生发展,但MET影响肺腺癌的分子机制并不明确。本研究收集3例淋巴结转移的肺腺癌组织（lung adenocarcinoma tissues,LAD）和3例无淋巴结转移的肺腺癌组织,用于微阵列基因芯片分析。结果显示,与无淋巴结转移的肺腺癌组织相比,有淋巴结转移的肺腺癌组织中有1 314条mRNAs表达上调,400条mRNAs表达下调。其中,MET在有淋巴结转移的肺腺癌组织中表达显著升高。随机选取8个差异表达基因,对收集的潍坊医学院附属医院2014年2月至2017年2月间有淋巴结转移的肺腺癌组织和无淋巴结转移的肺腺癌组织各30例通过qRT -PCR实验进行微阵列基因芯片验证。结果显示,所选mRNAs的表达与微阵列结果一致,验证了微阵列基因芯片结果的准确性。通过Western 印迹进一步检测MET的表达。结果显示,相较于正常肺上皮细胞,肺腺癌细胞中MET的表达显著升高。利用质粒转染,敲减肺腺癌细胞A549中的MET,Transwell侵袭实验结果显示,敲减MET后肺腺癌细胞的侵袭能力明显降低;对各细胞组进行EGF（epidermal growth factor）处理并检测PI3K/AKT/MMPs信号通路,Western 印迹检测结果显示,敲减MET后,肺腺癌细胞中基质金属蛋白酶-2（matrix metalloproteinase 2,MMP-2）和MMP-9的表达显著下降, AKT的磷酸化水平也显著下降。上述结果表明,MET可通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路进而增加MMPs的表达促进肺腺癌的侵袭转移。     

Leucine aminopeptidase 3 promotes migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through upregulation of fascin and matrix metalloproteinases-2/9 expression

Overexpression of leucine aminopeptidase 3 (LAP3) is involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion of several tumor cells and plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis. However, the related mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we used MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines to explore the role of LAP3 in the regulation of cancer cell migration and invasion by employing the natural LAP3 inhibitor bestatin and a lentivirus vector that overexpresses or knocks down LAP3. Bestatin inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot assay showed that bestatin and knockdown of LAP3 upregulated phosphorylation of Hsp27 and downregulated expression of fascin. Phosphorylation of Akt and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 can also be downregulated. LAP3 overexpression showed the opposite results. Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted to detect expression levels of LAP3 in breast cancer tissues. High LAP3 expression was correlated with the grade of malignancy. Findings of this study uncovered the molecular mechanism of LAP3 on breast cancer metastasis and indicated that LAP3 may act as a potential antimetastasis therapeutic target.     

GAB2提高体外培养的乳腺癌MCF-7细胞迁移能力

GRB2相关结合蛋白（GRB2-associated binding protein 2,GAB2)是Gabs家族重要成员,在细胞增殖、分化及迁移等过程中发挥重要作用。已有研究证明,GAB2与肿瘤侵袭转移相关,但目前GAB2在乳腺癌细胞侵袭中的研究少见报道。本研究证明,GAB2可提高乳腺癌MCF-7细胞迁移能力。Western印迹结果显示,GAB2蛋白在高转移细胞株MDA-MB-231中高表达|相反,在低转移细胞株MCF-7中低表达。瞬时转染结合Western印迹、酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)揭示,过表达GAB2明显增加MMP-2及MMP-9蛋白表达。Transwell检测显示,过表达GAB2明显增强MCF-7细胞的迁移能力。与未转染细胞比较,采用10 ng/mL表皮细胞生长因子(EGF)刺激转染细胞5 min,即可明显增强磷酸化的Akt、ARK5表达。上述结果提示,GAB2可通过参与Akt-ARK5信号通路,增加MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达,增强肿瘤细胞的迁移能力,这可能是GAB2促进肿瘤侵袭的部分机制。     

LncRNA FOXD2‐AS1 as a competitive endogenous RNA against miR‐150‐5p reverses resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma

The current study elucidated the role of a long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), FOXD2‐AS1, in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the regulatory mechanism underlying FOXD2‐AS1/miR‐150‐5p/transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) signalling in HCC. Microarray analysis was used for preliminary screening of candidate lncRNAs in HCC tissues. qRT‐PCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of FOXD2‐AS1. Cell proliferation assays, luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to examine the mechanism by which FOXD2‐AS1 mediates sorafenib resistance in HCC cells. FOXD2‐AS1 and TMEM9 were significantly decreased and miR‐150‐5p was increased in SR‐HepG2 and SR‐HUH7 cells compared with control parental cells. Overexpression of FOXD2‐AS1 increased TMEM9 expression and overcame the resistance of SR‐HepG2 and SR‐HUH7 cells. Conversely, knockdown of FOXD2‐AS1 decreased TMEM9 expression and increased the sensitivity of HepG2 and Huh7 cells to sorafenib. Our data also demonstrated that FOXD2‐AS1 functioned as a sponge for miR‐150‐5p to modulate TMEM9 expression. Taken together, our findings revealed that FOXD2‐AS1 is an important regulator of TMEM9 and contributed to sorafenib resistance. Thus, FOXD2‐AS1 may serve as a therapeutic target against sorafenib resistance in HCC.     

CRISPR/Cas9沉默PAK5抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖并促进细胞衰老

p21活化激酶5(p21-activated kinase 5,PAK5)是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,调节多种细胞进程,包括细胞骨架重构、细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭.研究表明,PAK5是调控乳腺癌进程的关键因子,但与衰老关系的研究尚未见报道.本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9慢病毒感染方法,构建敲低PAK5的人乳腺癌MDA-MB...     

ARPC4 promotes bladder cancer cell invasion and is associated with lymph node metastasis

The significance of actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 (ARPC4) expression in bladder cancer, and its potential role in the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells, has yet to be determined. This study was to identify the correlation between ARPC4 and lymph node metastasis, and to determine the role of ARPC4 in the invasive migration of T24 bladder cancer cells. One hundred and ninety-eight bladder cancer tissues and 40 normal bladder and lymph node tissues were examined. Tissue microarrays were constructed and subjected to immunohistochemical stating for ARPC4. Multiple logistic analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with bladder cancer metastasis. ARPC4 expression in T24 bladder cancer cells was suppressed using small interfering RNA and changes in protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. The proliferation of bladder cancer cells after knocking down of ARPC4 was determined by cell counting kit-8. The effects of ARPC4 knockdown on T24 cell invasion and migration was determined using transwell and wound healing assays. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to examine changes in pseudopodia formation and actin cytoskeleton structure. The expression of ARPC4 was elevated in bladder cancer tissues than normal tissues (84.3% vs 27.5%, P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that the level of ARPC4, as a risk factor, was correlated with lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05). ARPC4 knockdown attenuated proliferation, migration, invasion, and pseudopodia formation in T24 cells. ARPC4 expression, as a risk factor, is associated with lymphatic metastasis and is upregulated in bladder cancer tissues in comparison with normal tissues. Inhibition of ARPC4 expression significantly attenuates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cell, possibly due to defects in pseudopodia formation.