耐热木聚糖酶研究进展

β1,4内切木聚糖酶(EC.3218)能够以内切方式作用于木聚糖主链产生不同长度的木寡糖和少量的木糖,因此是木聚糖降解酶系中最关键的酶。木聚糖酶具有很大的工业应用潜力和价值,由于许多工业应用木聚糖酶的单元操作都是在高温下进行的,寻求耐热木聚糖酶作为催化剂是非常重要的。重点介绍了耐热木聚糖酶的特性、分泌表达和结构区域的研究进展。     

牦牛瘤胃元基因组文库中木聚糖酶基因的分析

【目的】了解牦牛瘤胃微生物木聚糖酶多样性及其降解特征,为木聚糖降解提供新的基因资源。【方法】根据对已构建的瘤胃微生物元基因组细菌人工染色体(BAC)克隆文库高通量测序结果的注释,筛选其中编码木聚糖酶的基因并进行多样性分析;对其中一个木聚糖酶基因及其连锁的木糖苷酶基因进行克隆表达和酶学性质表征,分析其协同作用。【结果】共筛选到14个木聚糖酶基因,均编码GH10家族木聚糖酶,其氨基酸序列之间的相似性为20.5%-91.3%;其中7个木聚糖酶基因所在的不同的DNA片段(contig)上存在木糖苷酶基因,编码的木糖苷酶属于GH43或GH3糖苷水解酶家族。将其中一对连锁的木聚糖酶(Xyn32)和木糖苷酶基因(Xyl33)分别克隆、表达和纯化。纯化后的木聚糖酶比活为1.98 IU/mg,但不具有阿魏酸酯酶活性;木糖苷酶比活为0.07 U/mg,且具有α-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶活性。体外实验证明,木糖苷酶Xyl33对与之连锁的木聚糖酶Xyn32的木聚糖降解具有协同作用。     

利用真菌纤维素结合域(CBD)保守性序列进行草菇木聚糖酶cDNA的克隆

木聚糖是植物细胞壁的主要组分,它是木糖以β1 ,4 木糖苷键形成主链,乙酰基,阿拉伯糖基等为附链组成的复合多聚糖.木聚糖酶可以降解木聚糖主链,在木聚糖的生物降解中起着非常重要的作用[1 ] .根据木聚糖酶催化域(catalyticdomain ,CD)氨基酸序列的相似性,木聚糖酶可分为两个家     

木聚糖酶

木聚糖酶（EC3.2.1.8)是降解木聚糖最关键的水解酶。木聚糖酶由功能或非功能结构或和连接区组成。木聚糖酶通过酸碱和亲核催化来水解β-1,4,糖苷键。由于木糖酶的工业价值,人们人不同生物筛选了大量木聚糖酶基因。     

木聚糖酶的分子生物学及其应用

木聚糖是一种多聚五碳糖,是植物细胞中的主要半纤维素成分,木聚糖酶是可将木聚糖降解成低聚木糖和木糖的复合酶系,综述了木聚糖酶分子生物学上的研究进展及其在饲料,造纸,食品,能源工业上的应用。     

微生物发酵产木聚糖酶研究进展

木聚糖是植物半纤维素的主要成分,是自然界中仅次于纤维素的可再生资源。木聚糖酶是一类重要的木糖苷键水解酶酶系,可将木聚糖逐次降解为低聚木糖及木糖,在饲料、造纸、食品和生物转化等行业应用广泛。目前利用微生物发酵生产木聚糖酶的研究很多,菌种涉及到细菌、真菌等,其发酵生产木聚糖酶的工艺、产量及特性也各有不同,对此进行了综述,并展望了木聚糖酶发酵生产的研究方向。     

海枣曲霉地衣多糖酶和木聚糖酶的底物特异性

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶x—I、x—u和x一III作用于不同底物对,x_I对地衣多糖的水解活性最强,对麦麸半纤维素H和B也有一定的水解活性,因而该酶为具有木聚糖酶活性的地衣多糖酶(LichⅢe,l,3一l,4一卢一D—Glucan 4一glucnohydrolasc,Ec 3．2．1．73)。 X—II对燕麦木聚糖、麦麸半纤维素B和H均有很高的水解活性,对其他木聚糖及地衣多糖的水解活性也较高,因而为具有地衣多糖酶话性的木聚糖酶o x—Iil对落叶松木聚糖的水解活性最高,对其他木聚糖也有较高的水解话性,但不能水解地衣多糖等β一葡聚糖,故为一种专一的木聚糖酶。X一1水解麦麸半纤维素B、x一Ⅱ水解燕麦术聚糖及x—Iu承解落叶松木聚糖的Km值分别为9·9、2．1和1．8mg／ml。酶水解产物的纸层析分析结果表明,x—I水解不同木聚糖后的产物主要为分子量较大的寡聚木糖,未发现木二糖、木糖及阿拉伯糖。X_Il的水解产物主要为木二糖 及木二糖以上的寡糖,并有少量木糖和阿拉伯糖,且阿拉伯糖远多于木糖。X-III的水解产物中以木二糖为最多,也有较多的木二糖以上的寡聚木糖,木糖和阿拉伯糖的量较少,且阿拉伯糖远少于木糖。     

利用毛壳霉固体发酵木聚糖酶

毛壳属真菌大多数具有较强的纤维素降解能力地,其中球毛菌所产生的木聚糖酶活性较强.木聚糖酶通过水解木糖分子间的β-1,4-糖苷键,将木聚糖水解成低聚木糖及少量木糖和阿拉伯糖.     

Bacillus pumilus WL-11木聚糖酶A的纯化、鉴定及其底物降解方式

对一株Bacilluspumilus WL_11木聚糖酶的纯化、酶学性质及其底物降解模式进行了研究。经过硫酸铵盐析、CM_Sephadex及SephadexG_75层析分离纯化,获得一种纯化的WL_11木聚糖酶A ,其分子量为26.0kD ,pI值9.5 ,以燕麦木聚糖为底物时的表观Km 值为16.6mg mL ,Vmax值为12.63μmol (min·mg)。木聚糖酶A的pH稳定范围为6 0至10 4 ,最适作用pH范围则在7.2至8.0之间,是耐碱性木聚糖酶;最适作用温度为45℃～55℃,在37℃、45℃以下时该酶热稳定性均较好;50℃保温时,该酶活力的半衰期大约为2h ,在超过50℃的环境下,该酶的热稳定较差,55℃和60℃时的酶活半衰期分别为35min和15min。WL_11木聚糖酶A对来源于燕麦、桦木和榉木的可溶性木聚糖的酶解结果发现,木聚糖酶A对几种不同来源的木聚糖的降解过程并不一致。采用HPLC法分析上述底物的降解产物生成过程发现木聚糖酶A为内切型木聚糖酶,不同底物的降解产物中都无单糖的积累,且三糖的积累量都较高;与禾本科的燕麦木聚糖底物降解不同的是,木聚糖酶A对硬木木聚糖降解形成的五糖的继续降解能力较强。采用TLC法分析了WL-11粗木聚糖酶降解燕麦木聚糖的过程,结果表明燕麦木聚糖能够被WL-11粗木聚糖酶降解生成系列木寡糖,未检出木糖,这说明WL-11主要合成内切型木聚糖酶A,同时发酵液中不含木糖苷酶,适合用来酶法制备低聚木糖。     

顶青霉D_(15)木聚糖酶性质研究

本文对项青霉D_(1(?))的四个木聚糖酶组分的特性进行了研究。木聚糖酶组分D_(x1)、D_(x4)的最佳反应pH为4.8,最适温度分别为40℃和50℃,D_(x2)和D_(x3)的最适pH和温度都分别为pH4.2和50℃。Ag~(++)、Hg~(++),Cu~(++)对四个组分的活性均有强烈的抑制作用,SDS也能产生明显的抑制效果。Mn~(++)对D_(x1)具有促进作用。D_(x1)、D_(x4)在以燕麦木聚糖为底物时活性最高,其Km值分别为11.7(mg/ml)和8.3(mg/ml),D_(x2)和D_(x3)则分别在水解红麻杆木聚糖和落叶松木聚糖时活性最强,Km值分别为8.4(mg/ml)和6.3(mg/ml)。水解燕麦木聚糖,D_(x1)的产物主要为木糖,同时带有少量的低聚木糖。D_(x2)、D_(x3)和D_(x4)的产物则包括木糖和较多的低聚木糖。D_(x4)与D_(x2)及D_(x3)之间在水解燕麦木聚糖时存在协同作用关系。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.