甘肃兰州盆地中中新世泉头沟动物群的食虫类、跳鼠类和兔形类

记述了甘肃兰州永登下街泉头沟发现的5种小哺乳动物化石,其中包括3个首次在这一经典地点发现的种。化石组合的分析表明,泉头沟动物群的时代与内蒙古中中新世通古尔动物群接近,并有一个与通古尔动物群相似、指示温带干旱、半干旱丛林-草原的古环境。     

Allacerops(奇蹄目、犀超科)化石在我国的发现及其分类地位的讨论

记述了一段属于Ａｌｌａｃｅｒｏｐｓ ｏｆ． Ａ． ｔｕｒｇａｉｃａ幼年个体的下颌骨。化石采自甘肃兰州盆 地渐新世地层中。Ａｌｌａｃｅｒｏｐｓ　是亚洲一类较原始的犀。在基本特征上,特别是在门齿和犬齿构 造上,它和欧洲的Ｅｇｇｙｓｏｄｏｎ最为接近,有人把它们合为一属。研究表明,它们在门齿的数目 和颊齿的形态上有比较明显的差异,应是跑犀科内不同的属。文中主要根据犀类门齿、犬齿的 分异,对犀超科内科一级的现行划分提出质疑,认为Ｉｎｄｒｉｃｏｔｈｅｒｉｉｄａｅ科的地位应予恢复,跑犀 科只应包括那些门齿、犬齿未特化,也不急剧退化的中、小型犀类。这样,除两栖犀外,犀超科 包括三科： Ｈｙｒａｃｏｄｏｎｔｉｄａｅ,Ｉｎｄｒｉｃｏｔｈｅｒｉｉｄａｅ和Ｒｈｉｎｏｃｅｒｏｔｉｄａｅ。     

甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组下红泥岩中的小哺乳动物化石

兰州盆地咸水河组下红泥岩共产有15属25种哺乳动物化石。位于下红泥岩中部的峡沟和上西沟等地产有11属20种化石（Amphechinus cf. A. rectus, A. cf. A. minimus, Amphechinus sp., Soricidae indet., Sinolagomys kansuensis, S. cf. S. major, Yindirtemys grangeri, Y. xiningensis, Y. ambiguus, Eucricetodon sp., Tachyoryctoides? sp., Parasminthus asiae朿entralis, P. tangingoli, P. parvulus, Parasminthus spp., Sinosminthus sp., Heterosminthus lanzhouensis, Litodonomys huangheensis和Didymoconus berkeyi）,被称为峡沟动物群。其中8属11种与党河Taben朾uluk动物群共有。两者的时代大致相当,为晚渐新世。位于瞿家川附近的下红泥岩下部产有：Desmatolagus cf. D. gobiensis, Ordolagus sp.,Tataromys plicidens, Tsaganomys altaicus, Amphechinus cf. A. minimus和Sinolagomys kansuensis等。该动物群的面貌显得比峡沟动物群的要老,而与其下的黄砂岩中所产的南坡坪动物群较相似,其时代有可能为早渐新世晚期。如果更多的化石证明是这样,那么在兰州盆地同一时代的同一动物群可产于不同的岩层（黄砂岩和下红泥岩下部）,而代表不同时代的不同的动物群产于同一岩性地层中。早、晚渐     

兰州盆地早第三纪植物及古气候意义

化石采自甘肃省兰州盆地咸水河组底部,经研究认为有29种,归属20属12科。它们是：樟科Lauraceae (Daphnogene),木通科Lardizabalaceae(Akebia),小檗科Berberidaceae(Berberis),榆科Ulmaceae(Planera,Ulmus,Zelkova),桦木科Betulaceae(Alnus,Carpinus),杨梅科Myricaceae(Myrica),杨柳科Sali-caceae(Populus,Salix),紫金牛科Myrsinacese(Ardisia),蔷薇科Rosaceae (Prunus,Sorbus,Sorbaria,Spir-aea),豆科Leguminosae(Gleditsia,Sophora),漆树科 Anacardiaceae(Rhus),忍冬科Caprifoliaceae(Viburnum)等。经植物区系组成与叶相分析显示,该植物区系的大多数成员是落叶阔叶乔、灌木,少数为常绿灌木。其中特殊的分子是 Rhus turcomanica Korov．ex Vassilvesk,该成分是早第三纪中、晚期的标志化石植物。另一化石植物 Sorbaria callicomifolia Kornilova曾出现在中亚的早渐新世,最晚至早中新世。同一层位采集的孢粉样分析结果显示：该组合仅约20种,种类相对贫乏,并以被子植物的花粉占优势。其中出现裸子植物的麻黄粉,被子植物的白刺粉及蒿粉等,这几个类型均指示沉积时期经历干旱气候。综合植物大化石及孢粉分析研究,均出现一些指示气候为亚热带干旱或周期性干旱气候的特点,并据Rhus turcomanica出现的最晚记录,推测咸水河组底部的地质时代大约是早渐新世晚期。     

我国东北地区第一个老第三纪哺乳动物群的研究

本文记述了在我国东北地区首次发现的老第三纪哺乳动物群——吉林桦甸哺乳动物群。计有食虫目盔猬亚科的中华晓猬(新属、新种)Eochenus sinensis gen. et sp. nov.,桦甸齿鼩猬(新种)Tupaiodon huadianensis sp. nov.,鼩鼱科的吉林蕾鼩(新属、新种)Ernosorex jilinensis gen. et sp. nov.,灵长目始镜亚科的长白亚洲镜猴(新属、新种)Asiomomys changbaicus gen. et sp. nov.和啮齿目先松鼠科的东方争胜鼠(新属、新种)Zelomys orientalis gen. et sp. nov.和纤细争胜鼠(新种)Z. gracilis. sp, nov.等。其中Eochenus可能代表目前已知最原始的盔猬类。Ernosorex可能是鼩鼱类具有原始特征的旁枝。桦甸哺乳动物群与北美尤因他动物群的关系较近,而与欧洲同期不同。表明当时亚洲与北美之间有直接的动物群交流。其中争胜鼠可能由北美迁来,而鼩鼱类可能从亚洲起源,然后迁往北美。桦甸动物群的时代为晚中始新世或晚始新世。当时桦甸盆地为森林沼泽湖泊景观,气候较温暖潮湿。     

Radiolarian faunal turnover across the Oligocene/Miocene boundary in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

The global warming trend of the latest Oligocene was interrupted by several cooling events associated with Antarctic glaciations. These cooling events affected surface water productivity and plankton assemblages. Well-preserved radiolarians were obtained from upper Oligocene to lower Miocene sediments at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 199 Sites 1218 and 1219 in the equatorial Pacific, and 110 radiolarian species were identified.Four episodes of significant radiolarian faunal changes were identified: middle late Oligocene (27.5 to 27.3 Ma), latest Oligocene (24.4 Ma), earliest Miocene (23.3 Ma), and middle early Miocene (21.6 Ma). These four episodes approximately coincide with increases and decreases of biogenic silica accumulation rates and increases in δ¹⁸O values coded as “Oi” and “Mi” events. These data indicate that Antarctic glaciations were associated with change of siliceous sedimentation patterns and faunal changes in the equatorial Pacific.Radiolarian fauna was divided into three assemblages based on variations in radiolarian productivity, species richness and the composition of dominant species: a late Oligocene assemblage (27.6 to 24.4 Ma), a transitional assemblage (24.4 to 23.3 Ma) and an early Miocene assemblage (23.3 to 21.2 Ma). The late Oligocene assemblage is characterized by relatively high productivity, low species richness and four dominant species of Tholospyris anthophora, Stichocorys subligata, Lophocyrtis nomas and Lithelius spp. The transitional assemblage represents relatively low values of productivity and species richness, and consists of three dominant species of T. anthophora, S. subligata and L. nomas. The characteristics of the early Miocene assemblage are relatively low productivity, but high species richness. The two dominant species present in this assemblage are T. anthophora and Cyrtocapsella tetrapera. The most significant faunal turnover of radiolarians is marked at the boundary between the transitional/early Miocene assemblages.We also reviewed changes in other microfossil assemblages in the low latitudes during the late Oligocene through early Miocene. The microfossil assemblages of major groups show sequential changes near the Oligocene/Miocene (O/M) boundary (23.8 Ma). Many extinction events and some first occurrences of calcareous nannofossils and many occurrences of radiolarians are found from about 24.8 to 23.3 Ma, and first occurrences of planktic foraminifers and diatoms followed from 23.2 through 22 Ma. Hence, the O/M boundary is identified as a significant level for microfossil evolutions.     

峨眉山啮齿类和食虫类秋季相对密度调查

2002年9月28日～l0月6日,主要用铗日法对四川峨眉山啮齿类和食虫类进行调查,得出以下结论：被捕的20种中,相对密度较大的为高山姬鼠(Apodemus chevrieri)占26．09％、龙姬鼠(Apdemus draco)占18．26％、长尾姬鼠(Apodemus sylvaticus)占15．65％及四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)占l0．43％;在5个典型生境样点中,金顶(15．33％)、雷洞坪(20．99％)和仙峰寺(13．95％)3处的兽类相对密度较大,但清音阁(1．01％)和报国寺(0)二处的相对密度很小,导致其显著差异的具体原因尚不清楚,有待进一步研究。     

甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组下段红色泥岩中的跳鼠化石

兰州盆地咸水河组下段上部红色泥岩共产有４属８种跳鼠：Ｐａｒａｓｍｉｎｔｈｕｓ　　ａｓｉａｅ－ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｓ, Ｐ． ｔａｎｇｉｎｇｏｌｉ． Ｐ． ｐａｒｖｕｌｕｓ Ｐａｒａｓｍｉｎｔｕｓ． ｓｐ． Ｉ, Ｐａｒａｓｍｉｎｔｕｓ　ｓｐ． ＩＩ,黄河简齿鼠（新属、种）Ｌｉｔｏｄｏｎｏｍｙｓ　ｈｕａｎｇｈｅｅｎｓｉｓ　ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ、,兰州异蹶鼠（新种）Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｍｉｎｔｈｕｓ　ｌａｎｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｓｉｎｏｓｍｉｎｔｈｕｓ　ｓｐ。Ｌｉｌｏｄｏｎｏｍｙｓ,ｈｕａｎｇｈｅｅｎｓｉｓ的主要特征是颊齿比例上较宽短,冠面结构较简单,脊较发育,下中脊短或无,下外脊直接由下原尖伸出。Ｈｅｔｅｒｓｍｉｎｔｈｕｓ ｌａｎｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ为Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｍｉｎｔｈｕｓ属的一较原始的种。它的臼齿的颊、舌侧主齿尖虽错位,但幅度还较小,Ｍ１／２具原小尖,但无原附尖,ｍｌ具发达的下中脊,下外脊折线形,下外中脊向前倾等。 兰州盆地下红泥岩所产跳鼠组合基本上与甘肃省党河流域Ｔａｂｅｎ－ｂｕｌｕｋ的一致。它们的时代可能大致相当,为晚渐新世。 本文用 ＰＡＵＰ３．１．１对早第三纪的各跳鼠属间的关系作了分析和讨论。 跳鼠在?     

内蒙阿左旗乌兰塔塔尔中渐新世的食虫类

这篇短文记述了在内蒙阿左旗乌兰塔塔尔地区中渐新世地层中发现的两属三种食虫类化石。     

甘肃兰州盆地中中新世泉头沟动物群的仓鼠类标题错(英文)

记述了甘肃兰州永登泉头沟发现的４种仓鼠化石：Ｐｌｅｓｉｏｄｉｐｕｓ ｌｅｅｉ Ｙｏｕｎｇ, １９２７;Ｍｅｇａｃｒｉｃｅｔｏｄｏｎ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ　Ｑｉｕ ｅｔ ａｌ．, １９８１; Ｇａｎｏｃｒｉｃｅｔｏｄｏｎ ｃｈｅｎｉ ｇｅｎ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．和Ｐａｒａｃｒｉｃｅｔｕｌｕｓ ｓｃｈａｕｂｉ Ｙｏｕｎｇ, １９２７。仓鼠类的组合和形态特征表明：泉头沟动物群与通古尔动物群的时代接近,同属中中新世通古尔期;指示的环境近似,同为相对干旱的温带丛林－草原环境;但它们的时代和生态环境略有差异,不排除泉头沟动物群时代略晚的可能。     

新疆准噶尔盆地早中新世的最早众古仓鼠及其与稀古仓鼠的对比(英文)

记述了新疆准噶尔盆地早中新世地层中发现的众古仓鼠类化石。材料采集于索索泉组的两个地点,古地磁年龄介于21.9～21.16Ma之间。这是迄今为止中亚和东亚地区众古仓鼠的最早记录。材料可以归入两个种:苏氏众古仓鼠(新种)Democricetodon sui sp.nov.和众古仓鼠未定种Democricetodon?sp.,该未定种材料很少,不足以准确分类。与早中新世其他仓鼠的比较及对稀古仓鼠Spanocricetodon模式种的重新观察表明,苏氏众古仓鼠是中亚地区谢家期的指示性化石,李传夔(1977)所定义的稀古仓鼠为一个有效属,与Democricetodon和Primus属有明显区别;以前归入稀古仓鼠的某些种类应归入其他属。苏氏众古仓鼠与同一地区晚渐新世的Eucricetodon aff.E.caducus形态明显不同,表明它可能不是起源于该地区的古近纪仓鼠,而是迁移至中亚的外来种。     

A ctenodactylid rodent (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Middle Miocene of Chios Island (Greece)

Field work carried out in 1991 and 1993 at the Middle Miocene locality of Thymiana (Chios Island, Greece), produced much rodent material including a number of ctenodactylid dental specimens. They represent a single taxon whose upper and lower cheek tooth morphology clearly differs from Prosayimys flynni and all Sayimys species known so far, except for Sayimys intermedius. The ctenodactylid teeth from the Middle Miocene of Chios are identified as pertaining to the latter species, despite minor differences from the Pakistani and Saudi Arabian representatives of S. intermedius.     

Distribution patterns of the small mammals (Insectivora and Rodentia) in a transitional zone between the Eurosiberian and the Mediterranean regions

To determine, by means of quantitative analyses, the distribution patterns of the insectivores and rodents in Catalonia using physiographical regions as Operative Geographical Units (OGUs). Catalonia (north‐eastern Iberian Peninsula). Based on the presence/absence of twenty‐five small mammals in thirteen physiographical regions, which were used as OGUs, the following aspects were studied: (a) identification of biotic boundaries; (b) determination of chorological association of species; (c) climatic characterization of the biotic regions and the chorotypes. Groups of biotic regions and species were established, and their statistical significance was tested. The possible effect of several climatic factors on these groupings was studied using discriminant analyses. A significant biotic boundary was found to separate the central and eastern Pyrenees from the remaining physiographical regions. The climatic variables that defined this boundary were related to the severity and the availability of environmental energy. Four chorotypes were identified. One chorotype was constituted by Pyrenean or Pre‐Pyrenean species, an association determined by their mid‐European requirements; another chorotype was formed by Eurosiberian species, but showed a variable degree of tolerance to Mediterranean conditions; a third chorotype included species with a wide distribution that are Mediterranean, anthropic, generalist or have very specific habitats; and finally the fourth chorotype was constituted by a strictly Mediterranean species. The climatic factors that accounted for the distribution of these chorotypes were the mean July temperature and the mean annual precipitation. We conclude that the axial zone of the Pyrenees, except the coastal portion, determines two biotic regions in Catalonia. As for the classification of species, using quantitative techniques for the first time, we offer a new biogeographicalal configuration for the small mammals in this temperate‐Mediterranean transition.     

The beaver (Mammalia,Castoridae) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (southern Germany)

The Early/Middle Miocene boundary locality Sandelzhausen (MN5, southern Germany) yielded three beaver teeth: one lower incisor fragment and two strongly worn upper premolars, a right and a left one. The latter are so similar in wear, height, size, and enamel pattern that they probably represent one individual. Although the teeth have been referred to Chalicomys jaegeri Kaup, 1832 (e.g., Hugueney 1999, Fahlbusch 2003), it seems more likely that they belong to Steneofiber depereti Mayet, 1908. However, the assignment of the present material to either one of these species is difficult, because in the advanced wear stage some diagnostic characteristics cannot be assessed. As to ecological implications for the locality Sandelzhausen the taxonomic identity of these two beaver species may not be important. Both are known from riverine, lacustrine or swamp sediments, and it can be assumed that they usually lived in close vicinity to water. Thus, the presence of beaver remains supports the presence of water at Sandelzhausen. However, the teeth might have an allochthonous origin from creeks of the rising Alps.      

内蒙古脑木根地区渐新世啮齿类及相关地层问题

描述了脑木根敖包顶部岩层中所产的啮齿类化石：阿尔泰查干鼠(Tsaganomys altaicus)和中间圆柱鼠(Cyclomylus intermedius)。脑木根敖包顶部地层最初被归人巴润索组。研究表明该层共含5种哺乳动物化石(Tsaganomys altaicus、Cyclomylus intermedius、Paracerotherium tran-souralicum、Ardynia kaxachstanensis和Etelodn gobiensis）,其时代为早渐新世晚期。巴润索组的层型是巴润索平台顶部的砂砾岩,其时代为晚始新世。脑木根敖包顶部岩层不应归人巴润索组,而与额尔登敖包顶部的上脑岗代组在岩性上接近,时代相同,因此应归人上脑岗代组。