陕西府谷晚中新世Acerorhinus属(奇蹄目,犀科)一新种

记述的 Acerorhinus fuguensis sp. nov是 Acerorhinus属中一个相当进步的种。府谷 保存完整的标本使我们对Acerorhinus的特征有了更全面且准确的认识。新种以强烈外展的鼓后突和头骨顶面在眶前的骤然收缩区别于塞瓦斯托波尔的A. zernowi和柴达木的A.tsaidamensis。新种下门齿内刃上翻的特点显示Acerorhinus属有向Chilotherium属演化的趋势。     

内蒙古高特格上新世三趾马化石及其意义

描述了产自内蒙古高特格上新世地层中的三趾马属化石,分别归入两个种。下部层位的材料因吻部间颌突较高、犬齿粗壮并在其内侧前后缘形成嵴和沟、下颊齿齿冠较低、双叶较圆以及外中谷很深等特征而归入意外(笨重)三趾马(Hipparion(Baryhipparion)insperatum Qiuet al.,1987),其古地磁年龄为4.3Ma;上部层位的标本因下颊齿高冠、双叶贺风型、外中谷宽浅以及下马刺发育等特征而归入黄河(近)三趾马(H.(Plesiohipparion)huangheense Qiu etal.,1987),其年龄约为3.9 Ma。在此之前,这两种三趾马的分布局限,仅发现于山西榆社和陕西蒲城的上新世地层,高特格新材料的发现增加了人们对于其地理和地史分布以及特征演化的了解。此外,还对高特格颊齿标本进行了连续横切,结果显示,随着年龄增加H.insperatum的双叶一直较圆,下后尖逐渐大于下后附尖,但外中谷形态并不随磨蚀加深而有大的改变;H.huangheense的双叶稳定、贺风型,外中谷内端随着磨蚀的加深变得宽圆,下马刺渐弱而下反马刺逐渐显现,下内尖逐渐变得圆钝,其后的凹也逐渐变小。高特格地点相对较低齿冠的H.insperatum向极高齿冠的H.huangheense的转变,指示了内蒙古中部地区在上新世逐步干旱化和草原化的过程。     

Dating the “red beds” of the Eastern Moroccan High Plateaus: Evidence from late Late Cretaceous charophytes and dinosaur eggshells

A new locality in the poorly known “red beds” of Tendrara (High Plateaus, Morocco) has yielded four charophytes species (Feistiella anluensis, Lamprothamnium stipitatum, Peckisphaera portezueloensis, Platychara caudata) and dinosaur eggshells (Pseudomegaloolithus atlasi). These red beds, which overly the Cenomanian-Turonian marine deposits, generally assigned to “Senonian” based on geometric position, are directly dated by these fossils: the charophytes species and dinosaur oospecies association indicates a Campano-Maastrichtian or Maastrichtian age for these calm floodplain deposits.     

Ademosynoides asiaticus Martynov, 1936, the earliest known member of an extant beetle family (Insecta, Coleoptera, Trachypachidae)

Fossil beetles are described from Kedrovka beds of the locality Babii Kamen’, Kuznetsk Basin, Siberia. According to different authors, this locality is dated to the terminal Permian or basal Triassic. SEM studies have shown that Ademosynoides asiaticus Martynov, 1936, described from this locality, should be placed in the family Trachypachidae, which makes it the earliest known extant family of beetles. In addition to the re-studied holotype, further material is described for this species; a new species of the same genus and a new genus and species of the same family are also described. As a result, almost 10% of the 78 beetle fossils known from this locality are identified as belonging to Trachypachidae. Unfortunately, the study of these beetles is complicated by the rather poor preservation quality and very small size of the majority of the fossils, which usually cannot be properly studied without using SEM. However, even in this case there is no full certainty that the results are absolutely reliable.     

Review of the non-tritylodontid synapsids from bone beds in the Rhaetic Sandstone,southern Germany

Since the nineteenth century, bone beds in the Rhaetic Sandstone (Rhätsandstein) exposed around Bebenhausen near Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, have been a source of small vertebrate fossils. These bone beds were part of deltas formed during a stillstand in a marine transgression from the western and northern parts of the Germanic Basin. The fossils in these bone beds appear to be time-averaged assemblages of Rhaeto-Liassic or older age. A collection of fossils from excavations at Olgahain made in 1948 augmented those reported by E. von Huene (Jahreshefte des Vereins vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg 84:65–128, 1933). The synapsids, other than tritylodonts, represented by fossils from the Olgahain locality include Tricuspes, a non-mammaliaform eucynodont; the haramiyid Thomasia antiqua is the most abundantly represented mammaliaform, and a morganucodontid. Tricuspes tuebingensis was based on a tooth found at the nearby Gaisbrunnen locality. Tricuspes tuebingensis, Thomasia antiqua, and a probably different morganucodontid are known from the Hallau bone bed (Switzerland), which apparently is older than the Olgahain bone bed in Baden-Württemberg.     

Les empreintes de pas de Dinosauriens dans le Jurassique moyen du Haut Atlas central (Maroc): Nouveaux gisements et precisions stratigraphiques

Ten new Dinosaur foot prints fields have been discovered in Middle Jurassic red beds of Central High Atlas (Morocco). Ovoid prints (Sauropod) are there more common than tridactyle (Theropod). The trace fossils appear at two distinct levels of the red beds which have been previously rattached to Cretaceous.     

南召发现的人类和哺乳类化石

本文记述的人类化石是一枚右下第二前臼齿,发现于河南省南召县鸡河右岸第二级阶地的堆积中。一起发现的哺乳类化石有剑齿虎、中国鬣狗、肿骨鹿、剑齿象、三门马和巨等二十一种。时代为中更新世。     

The Cambrian of Malaysia

The Cambrian of Malaysia is best represented by the quartzose Machinchang Formation in Langkawi, Kedah, northwest Peninsular Malaysia. It is divisible into three members. The oldest Hulor Member (>1260 m thick) is a coarsening upward succession of rhythmically interlayered graded siltstone, mudstone and clayey sandstone deposited as a prograded prodelta deposit. The middle Chinchin Member (>1575 m thick) is a fining upward succession of quartzose conglomerate and sandstone subdivisible into three beds. The lowest Anak Datai Bed (575 m thick) is made up of graded bedded, cross-bedded pebbly sandstone and conglomerate of estuarine channel-fills and thin to thick beds of low angle, planar cross-bedded sandstone with heavy mineral concentrations deposited as upper shoreface to beach deposits. The Temurun Bed (340 m thick) is of upper estuarine deposits of wavy-bedded sandstone and pebbly sandstone, fine tuffs and thin argillites. The upper Tengkorak Bed (>200 m thick) spans the Cambro-Ordovician boundary and consists of thick tabular bedded upper shoreface to beach fine sandstone with interbeds of fine rippled sandstone, acid tuff beds and mudstone belonging to a series of barrier beach complexes. The youngest Jemurok Member (>420 m thick) is a fining upward succession of siltstone, mudstone and hummocky cross-bedded sandstone and thin limestone deposited in storm influenced shoreface to back barrier lagoon with tidal channel environments. It has fragmentary trilobites, brachiopods, abundant trace fossils and the Kinneyian wrinkle marks.The overall sequence belongs to a highly destructive, wave-influenced delta deposit with a series of preserved beach-ridge complexes. Clastic sedimentation was reduced by peneplation of the source area as shown by the finer and thinner beds that grade into limestone of the overlying Ordovician Setul Formation.     

Jurassic dinosaurs of Transbaikalia and prospects of searching for them in Mongolia

Three Transbaikalian localities of dinosaur remains confined to concretions of the Tarbagatai Coal Field, coal deposits of the Arbagarskaya deposits, and tuffaceous sedimentary deposits of the Ukureiskaya Formation of the Olov Depression (Kulinda locality) are considered. In concretions, dinosaur fossils co-occur with fragmentary and complete skeletons of Salmo and Palaeoniscidae and tuffaceous sedimentary beds of volcanic lakes have yielded fossils of temporary inhabitants, such as notostracans, conchostracans, izophlebiid dragonflies, ostracods, and plants with index species of the Late Jurassic Unda–Daya Assemblage. These characteristics can be used in searching for Jurassic dinosaur burials in Mongolia. The horizons with concretions are known in the Tormkhon, Tevsh, Unduruhin, Anda-Khuduk, and Ulanereg formations. Remains of notostracans and izophlebiid dragonflies were recorded in the Ulugei Formation and terrigenous deposits of the Khalgyn-Ula locality and mass burials of large izophlebiid dragonflies and Palaeoniscidae have occur in the Dorogot Formation.     

Scientific drilling and biological evolution in ancient lakes: lessons learned and recommendations for the future

Scientific drilling to recover sediment core and fossil samples is a promising approach to increasing our understanding of species evolution in ancient lakes. Most lake drilling efforts to date have focused on paleoclimate reconstruction. However, it is clear from the excellent fossil preservation and high temporal resolution typical of lake beds that significant advances in evolutionary biology can be made through drill core studies coordinated with phylogenetic work on appropriate taxa. Geological records can be used to constrain the age of specific lakes and the timing of evolutionarily significant events (such as lake level fluctuations and salinity crises). Fossil data can be used to test speciation and biogeographic hypotheses and flesh out phylogenetic trees, using a better-resolved fossil record to estimate timing of phylogenetic divergences. The extraordinary preservation of many fossils in anoxic lake beds holds the hope of collecting fossil DNA from the same body fossils that improve our understanding of morphological character evolution and adaptation. Moreover, fossils allow calibration of molecular clocks, which are currently largely inferential. Lake Malawi Drilling Project results provide some guideposts on what might be expected in a drilling project for studies of evolution. The extreme variability in lake level and environmental history that most ancient lakes experience (exemplified by the Lake Malawi record) demonstrates that no one drilling locality is likely to provide a complete record of phylogenetic history for a radiating lineage. Evolutionary biologists should take an active role in the design of drilling projects, which typically have interdisciplinary objectives, to ensure their sampling needs will be met by whatever sites in a lake are ultimately drilled.     

贵州盘县中三叠统混鱼龙类化石的初步研究

记述贵州省盘县新民乡羊圈村中三叠统关岭组上段的混鱼龙3种,其中有一新种:Mixosaurus mao-taiensis Young,1965,emend.nov.,Mixosaurus cornalianus(Bassani),1886和Mixosaurus yangjuanensis sp.nov.。与混鱼龙类化石同层产出的有真颌鱼类和龙鱼类化石,真颌鱼类的特征比意大利和瑞士边界地区安尼-拉丁期和拉丁期早期普罗山头组(Prosanto Formation)所产的始真颌鱼Eoeugnathus进步,混鱼龙新种也比意-瑞边界地区安尼-拉丁期过渡期的混鱼龙进步。因此,我们推测当前混鱼龙类化石的层位可能包括从下安尼阶上部到拉丁阶下部的一段地层,不是简单的一个化石层,此问题尚待进一步深入研究。     

Ladinian carbonates of the Cabo Cope Unit (Betic Cordillera,SE Spain): a tethys-maláguide palaeogeographic gateway

Summary The Cabo Cope Unit, which outcrops east of Aguilas (Murcia), belongs to the Maláguide tectonic Complex (Betic Internal Zone) and displays stratigraphic characteristics of particular interest, including Triassic bioclastic carbonate beds which are not common in the Maláguide units. Biostratigrafic fossils have been found in these beds and may correlate with Triassic alpine biofacies. Alpine fauna fossils only appeared in those palaeogeographic units of the Internal Zone of the Cordillera referred to as Alpujárride units, while the influence of the Sephardic faunal province is evident in almost all the cordillera. For these reasons it is noteworthy that new alpine fauna fossils have been found in an Internal Zone unit in which relevant fossils rarely appear. The Triassic succession of the unit studied in this paper can be subdivided into two members: a lower one, which is clastic and contains thick gypsum beds, and an upper one, consisting of carbonate rocks. The lower member has been interpreted as a fluvial-coastal deposit. The upper member is interpreted as a sequence of carbonate ramp deposits. This ramp evolved into a shallow platform with tidal flats typical of a coastal zone. The bivalve fossilsDaonella cf.lommeli (Wissmann) and “Posidonia” sp. have been found in the carbonate member, along with the conodontSephardiella mungoensis (Diebel). These fossils are of the Late Ladinian age and have been found only in this outcroup of the Betic Cordillera. The presence of this fossil assemblage, which belongs to the alpine faunal province, indicates a connection during the Late Ladinian between the Tethys sea and this area of the Maláguide palaeogeographic domain. The palaeogeographic location of the Cabo Cope Unit during the Middle Triassic was at the south-easternmost part of the Betic Basin, implying that the connection between the Tethys and the Betic Basin was established in the easternmost domains of the basin.     

山西闻喜早更新世地层和哺乳动物化石

山西闻喜早更新世的哺乳动物化石发现并不十分丰富,由于地层出露较好,层位清楚,虽然地层较薄,但对确定早更新世,为今后进一步深入研究汾渭盆地的第四纪下限,古气候、古地理环境可提供依据。     

河南西峡盆地含恐龙蛋地层中无脊椎动物化石的首次发现

河南省西南部西峡盆地以含有大量的恐龙蛋化石而著称。以往研究限于化石证据不足,使得对含恐龙蛋地层时代认识上存在较大分歧。本次研究在西峡盆地含恐龙蛋地层中首次发现了无脊椎动物化石,如双壳类、叶肢介、腹足类和介形类。从而确定含化石层位的时代为晚白垩世中期。     

大荔人化石地点第二次发掘简报

对大荔人化石地点进行再次的发掘,不仅发现了新的文化层,而且在含大荔人化石层中找到了384件石器和一些哺乳动物化石,为探讨“大荔人”文化的性质及其时代提供了有意义的资料。     

Trace fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Taylor group (Devonian) of Antarctica

The Taylor Group of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica contains varied and abundant trace fossils, which have been interpreted by palaeontologists as indicating marine deposition. However, sedimentologists have largely favoured non-marine deposition on the basis of desiccation polygons, fining upward cycles, unidirectional paleocurrents, small channels, red beds and paleosols.

The debate is reconciled by a reinterpretation of the trace fossil assemblage. It is shown that widespread and well preserved Cruziana, Diplichnites, Rusophycus and Skolithos which have previously been used as marine indicators comprise an ichnofacies (Scoyenia) which is entirely typical of fresh water.     

新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘洪古勒楞组时代的新认识

标准地点的洪古勒楞组长期以来一直被认为是准噶尔盆地西北缘,乃至整个新疆北部以海相为主的层位上最高的晚泥盆世晚期的沉积。然而牙形类和微体脊椎动物的研究证实,该组跨弗拉阶－法门阶（Ｆ－Ｆ）界线,它至少包括了一小部分弗拉晚期和主体部分为法门早期的沉积。两个牙形类带ＬａｔｅｒｈｅｎａｎａＺｏｎｅ和ＭｉｄｄｌｅｃｒｅｐｉｄａＺｏｎｅ被识别出,它们在Ｆ－Ｆ界线附近,并分别在大绝灭事件（在ｌｉｎｇｕｉｆｏｒｍｉｓＺｏｎｅ内）之前后。另一个层位更高的牙形类带ＬａｔｅｃｒｅｐｉｄａＺｏｎｅ也可能存在。同时还证实,长期以来一直被认为“正常层序”的标准地点的洪古勒楞组的层序是倒转的。由此,含植物大化石Ｌｅｐｔｏｐｈｌｏｅｕｍｒｈｏｂｉｃｕｍ等的陆相层在下（此层可能归于该组下伏的朱鲁木特组）,而产牙形类和其它丰富的无脊椎动物的海相层在上。按牙形类年代带的年代地层时间表（Ｆｏｒｄｈａｍ,１９９２）,该组距今约３６８－３６４百万年。至于它和邻近地区和布克河组的关系,由于后者发现了更高层位的牙形类,两者还不能完全对比。     

安徽贵池晚古新世哺乳类

记述了在安徽省贵池县梅埂地区红层中发现的3种哺乳动物化石,其中包括钝脚目全棱齿兽科1新属新种——翟氏贵池脊齿兽（Guichilambdazhaiigen．etsp．nov.）。新属与古脊齿兽属较为相似,但在个体大、上颊齿横宽、上臼齿中附尖弱、下颌骨具前外凸缘、下臼齿三角座和跟座V形夹角小等方面又明显不同于该属任何已知种。文中还根据所发现化石的进化水平和组合性质,并与国内外有关层位对比,定地层时代为晚古新世。     

内蒙古巴彦乌兰地区始新世哺乳类及相关地层问题

记述了在内蒙古巴彦乌兰地区发现的４种始新世哺乳动物化石,其中包括１个啮齿类新种──Ｍｅｒｇｅｎｏｍｙｓ ｎｅｉｍｏｎｇｏｌｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。新种与在蒙古共和国发现的属型种Ｍ．ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ的不同在于个体大,下臼齿下外脊和下次小尖相对偏于唇侧。新化石的发现以及对岩石地层的分析表明巴彦乌兰剖面上原认为的伊尔丁曼哈组应包含伊尔丁曼哈及沙拉木伦组两个地层单位。     

内蒙古宝格达乌拉地区新发现再沉积古近纪化石材料(英文)

报道了发现于宝格达乌拉地区的少量古近纪化石材料(包括零碎的牙齿和头后骨骼)。材料产自不整合覆盖在细粒红层之上的河相沉积物,显示出再沉积特点。经鉴定,它们可归入Breviodon minutus,Rhinocerotidae gen.et sp.indet.,Brontotheriidae gen.et sp.indet.及其他未定奇蹄类。材料在时代上确属古近纪无疑,但产出层位的时代尚有疑问。宝格达乌拉地区过去只出产新近纪脊椎动物化石,古近纪的地层和化石都未曾报道。根据新化石点与附近地层的接触关系,我们怀疑这些古近纪化石是后期再沉积在新近纪的宝格达乌拉组中的。新材料的发现提示该地区可能还有更多的古近纪地层。