SOME ORDOVICIAN GONIOCERATIDS OF NORTH CHINA

The cephalopods described in the present paper were mainly collected from the Badou Formation in the Zhangqiu district of central Shandong and the Fengfeng Formation in the Fengfeng city of southern Hebei by the writer and his colleagues in 1982-1983. They consist of 3 genera and 11 species, including 1 new genus and 9 new species. This paper also discusses previous reports on the Gonioceras from China and the contrast of the Badou Formation with the Fengfeng Formation as well as ecology, migration, origin and evolution of gonioceratids.     

Fossil Plants from the Taohaiyingzi Formation (Late Permian) in Eastern Nei Mongol

The fossil plants were collected from Taohaiyingzi Formation occurring at Taohaiyingzi and Ailaishaorong of eastern Nei Monggol. The new species, such as Rhipidopsis taohaiyingensis (sp. nov.) and P. ailaishaorongensis (sp. nov.) are described. The writer considered that the fossil plants indicate that this bearingbeds belong to Late Permian.     

CONCHOSTRACAN ASSEMBLAGE FROM BOTTOM OF ERMAYIN FORMATION, SHAANXI

This paper deals with characteristics of the conchostracan assemblage and describes some new species of fossil conchostracan collected from the bottom of the Ermayin Formation near Changjiayan of Wupu County, Shaanxi in 1983.After studying and comparing this conchostracan assemblage, the writer here suggests that (1) this assemblage is characterized by leading members of Protomonocarina and Euestheria, rare but very important members of Xiangxiella and many members of Palaeolimnadiopsis and Diaplexa; (2) this fossil fauna has a close relation to that of the Heshanggou Formation, but itis more different from that of the Tongchuan Formation.It is of great significance to compare the regional stratigraphical sequence, because the strata containing this conchostracan fauna are more stable in North China.This fossil fauna may be called the Protomonocarina-Euesteria fauna, representing the conchostracan fauna of early Middle Triassic in North China and resembling the Xiangxiella fauna in South China.     

Wood of Tapirira (Anacardiaceae) from the paleogene Clarno Formation of Oregon

A new species of fossil wood, Tapirira clarnoensis, is described from a probable late Eocene deposit in the Clarno Formation of Oregon known locally as the Nut Beds. The wood represents, to the knowledge of the writer, the earliest occurrence of Tapirira in the fossil record and the only occurrence of the genus outside its present neutropical range of distribution.     

辽宁辽阳晚寒武世崮山组树形笔石

笔石发现于辽宁辽阳兰家晚寒武世崮山组 Drepanura 带,他们为 Dendrograptus liaoyangensis sp. nov., Dendrograptus liaoyangensis latus subsp. nov., Callograptus lanjiaensis sp. nov., Callograptus sp. A, Callograptus sp. B.,这是我国已知最低层位的笔石.     

鄂尔多斯地台南缘中奥陶统双笔石类笔石的研究

记述陕西中部耀县、富平、泾阳三县中奥陶统平和挑启坡组双笔石类：Ｏｒｔｈｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓ，Ｇｌｙｐｔｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓ，Ｃｌｉｍａｃｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓ和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｃｌｉｍａｃｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓ等４属中的１４种，其中包括１新种和２新亚种。建立了Ｃｌｉｍａｃｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｂｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ带和Ｏｒｔｈｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｌｏｎｇｉｔｈｅｃａｌｉｓ带，并讨论了桃启坡组的时代问题。     

浅议峡东陡山沱组的“瓶状微化石”

通过对峡东晚震旦世陡山沱组岩石样品的化学浸解处理、连续切片研究及大量薄片观察,作者认为先前报道的陡山沱组“瓶状微化石”,即所谓最古老的原生动物的外壳遗骸,实际上并非什么瓶状微化石,而是一种有蓝藻（可能还有细菌）参与的沉积构造。     

贵州剑河八郎寒武系“清虚洞组”三叶虫DuyunaspisZhangandQianinZhouetal.,1977*

Duyunaspis Zhang and Qian in Zhou et al.,1977是黔东、湘西北杷榔组掘头虫类三叶虫的重要分子。本文描述剑河八郎"清虚洞组"的Duyunaspis,这些新材料的头鞍中部膨大且向前略有收缩,前颊类型面线,成虫具10个胸节;而杷榔组的Duyunaspis duyunensis Zhang and Qian in Zhou et al.,1977头鞍桶状,背沟较平直,后颊类型面线,成虫10个胸节,二者明显不同。本文将"清虚洞组"的Duyunaspis定为一个新种:剑河都匀盾壳虫Duyunaspis jianheensis sp.nov.。研究显示,D.jianheensis与杷榔组的D.duyunensis具有形态相似性,后者可能为其祖先种。     

NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CARBONIFEROUS TETRACORALS FROM JIANGSU AND ANHUI

The speciments described in the present paper were collected from Hezhou, Huanglong and Chuanshan Formations in Jiangsu and Anhui. They belong to 17 genera (including 1 new genus) and 24 new species or subspecies, together with a new species from the lowermost part of the Chihsia Formation in Jiangsu. Based on characteristics of tetracorals, the Huanglong Formation (Moscovian) and the Chuanshan Formation (Sphaeroschwagerina Zone) at Dushan of Guangde, Anhui may be divided into four assemblage zones as follows:     

长室姬蜂属一新种

本文描述了我国山东莱阳莱阳组中的长室姬蜂属(Tanychora)1个新种。这是世界上已知的最古老的姬蜂化石,在研究这个类群的起源和演化上具有重要意义。根据这个属在演化上的原始程度,推断含有此类昆虫化石的苏联、蒙古和我国的有关地层的沉积时代为晚侏罗世。     

辽西早白垩世九佛堂组两种新的翼手龙类化石(英文)

简要报道了辽西热河群上部九佛堂组两件新的翼手龙类化石 ,即夜翼龙科(Nyctosauridae)的张氏朝阳翼龙 (新属、新种 )Chaoyangopteruszhangigen .etsp .nov.和古魔翼龙科 (Anhangueridae)的顾氏辽宁翼龙 (新属、新种 )Liaoningopterusguigen .et.sp .nov.。前者为保存较完整的化石骨架 ,后者为一大型翼龙的头骨和部分头后骨骼化石。朝阳翼龙是夜翼龙科在亚洲大陆的首次确切的化石记录 ,也是层位最低和保存最完整的化石骨架。朝阳翼龙具有4节翼指骨 ,手指爪粗大弯曲 ,这些发现补充和修正了前人认为的夜翼龙科只有 3节翼指骨 ,手指爪退化缺失等一些重要的形态学特征。朝阳翼龙与该科的Nyctosaurusgracilis头后骨骼相比 ,具有许多不同的特征 ,如胫骨特长 ,远长于股骨 ,翼掌骨和第 1翼指骨相对较短 ,肩胛骨短于乌喙骨等。辽宁翼龙是我国已发现的个体最大的翼龙化石 ,发育前上颌骨和齿骨弧形脊突这一古魔翼龙科的重要鉴别特征。与该科的其他成员相比 ,辽宁翼龙上、下颌的牙齿较少 ,仅分布在其前部 ,齿列约占上、下颌长度的 1 / 2。上颌第 1、3齿小 ,第 2、4齿巨大 ,其中第 4齿最大 ,为已知翼龙中最大的牙齿。牙齿具有明显的替换现象。夜翼龙科的成员仅分布于美洲大陆的晚白垩世地层中 ,而古魔翼龙科的成员则是     

The late Sandbian – earliest Katian (Ordovician) brachiopod immigration and its influence on the brachiopod fauna in the Oslo Region, Norway

Bulk samples of brachiopods from the middle and upper parts of the Arnestad Formation and the entire Frognerkilen Formation in the Oslo Region demonstrate major vertical changes in the Sandbian to Katian amphicratonic fauna of this part of the Baltic Province. The main influx of new taxa occurred in the upper part of the Arnestad Formation (uppermost Sandbian), and in the succeeding Frognerkilen Formation (basal Katian). Faunal change is initially reflected in an increase in diversity and not as a replacement of the previously incumbent genera, which remain throughout the studied sequence. The majority of the new genera migrated from the East Baltic Region or through this region from Avalonia, while the marginal Laurentian taxa first occupied the Scandinavian part of Baltica. Six taxa migrated from Laurentia, three from Avalonia, two from Gondwana and one apparently originated on the South China palaeoplate. The faunal shifts and immigration of brachiopods appear to have been in response to an initial transgression together with the movement of Baltica into more warm temperate latitudes, but the diverse faunas developed both against a background of subsequent regression and in response to an offshore shift of biofacies. The new amphicratonic fauna was thus generated by faunal shifts from elsewhere in the Baltic Province to the marginal environments of the Oslo Region together with more exotic elements from neighbouring continents and microcontinents.     

New Martynoviidae from the Permian of Southern France (Lodève basin) (Insecta: Palaeoptera: Diaphanopterodea)

A new genus and two new species, Salagouneura chimaira nov. gen. and nov. sp. and Phaneroneura minuta nov. sp., together with several other specimens of uncertain affinities, are herein assigned to the family Martynoviidae. This family was previously only known from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma and Kansas (USA). The new specimens have been discovered in the Salagou Formation (Permian; Hérault, France). Stratigraphical and palaeoecological implications of the occurrence of this family in the Salagou Formation are discussed. These discoveries seem correlated with similar palaeoenvironmental conditions between the Salagou Formation and the Midco Salt Lake Formation (Oklahoma).     

北京西山石炭-二叠系蜚蠊类化石的发现兼论北京地区昆虫化石的时代

报道产于北京西山门头沟区色树坟石炭-二叠系太原组的一块蜚蠊类前翅化石,可归入Phyloblatta,代表一新种Phyloblatta beijingensis sp. nov.,以狭小的爪区别于该属其他已知种类。Phyloblatta蜚蠊类在我国山西省下二叠统山西组曾发现多种类型。对北京地区以前报道的昆虫化石所属时代和地层均进行厘定,如土城子组、大灰厂组、夏庄组的昆虫化石。     

苏皖志留纪鱼群及相关问题讨论

根据新发现的鱼化石和已记述的鱼类化石、无脊椎动物化石和沉积旋回,讨论了长江下游含鱼化石地层坟头组和茅山组（群）的时代,认为它们分别为早志留世的兰多维里阶和温洛克阶。     

New Sivapithecus postcranial specimens from the Siwaliks of Pakistan

Several new postcranial elements of Sivapithecus from the Siwaliks of Pakistan are described. These include a distal femur from the U-level of the Dhok Pathan Formation, a navicular from the Chinji Formation, and seven manual and pedal phalanges from the Nagri Formation. The functional morphology of these elements adds new detail to the reconstruction of Sivapithecus positional behavior. Femoral cross-sectional geometry indicates that the shaft was adapted to support mediolaterally directed loading. Femoral condylar asymmetry and a broad but shallow trochlea are distinctly ape-like, revealing capabilities for both rotation and withstanding eccentric loading in the knee. The navicular is characterized by features relating to a broad mid-tarsus and broad distal articulations for the cuneiforms. It also lacks a navicular tubercle as in Pongo. These features suggest that the foot was capable of a powerful grip on large supports, with an inversion/supination capability that would permit foot placement in a variety of positions. The morphology of the new phalanges, including evidence for a relatively large pollex, similarly suggests powerful grasping, consistent with prior evidence from the hallux and tarsus. The functional features of the new specimens permit refinement of previous interpretations of Sivapithecus positional capabilities. They suggest a locomotor repertoire dominated by pronograde activities and also such antipronograde activities as vertical climbing and clambering, but not by antipronograde suspensory activities as practiced by extant apes.     

北京延庆地区雾迷山组燧石相微体古生物研究

本文报道的微体化石产于北京延庆地区雾迷山组中的燧石相岩层中,共鉴定出10个属19个种,其中含1个新种,3个未定种,以及2个相似种。化石类型以蓝细菌中的颤藻科、念珠藻科和色球藻科属种为主,还保存有少量绿藻和大量分类位置未定的藻类。新的化石资料必将进一步丰富燕山雾迷山组的微化石群的内容,并为进一步评价雾迷山组微化石的生物演化和多样性的水平,及其生物地层意义提供更充分的依据。     

甘肃玉门下沟地区早白垩世下沟组介形类

甘肃玉门下沟地区下沟组介形类化石十分丰富,该地区下沟组介形类化石共计9属4亚属,21种,本文描述了其中4新种,即Cypridea(Cyamocypris)xiagouensissp.nov.,Cypridea(Cypridea)subunicostatasp.nov.,Stenestroemiasubpeculiarissp.nov.和Stenestroemiaxiagouensissp.nov.。该介形类化石组合尤以Cypridea最为繁盛,通过分析介形类属种的形态特征和化石组合特征并结合岩性特征,推断下沟组的地质时代为早白垩世巴列姆期;并认为下沟组为水动力较弱的淡水-微咸水河湖相沉积。     

Lower Devonian vertebrates, arthropods and brachiopods from northern Vietnam

Additional vertebrates and ostracods from the bituminous shale of the Khao Loc Formation at Tong Vai, Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam, corroborate its correlation with the upper part of the Xishancun (Xiaxishancun) Formation and the lower part of the Xitun and Lianhuashan formations of South China, and its Middle to Late Lochkovian age. The variations in morphology and ornamentation of the galeaspid Polybranchiaspis liaojaoshanensis from Tong Vai are discussed and regarded as possibly size and growth-related. A new acanthothoracid placoderm with a very deep dorsal process is described from Tong Vai and the specific distinction between the antiarchs Minicrania lissa from Tong Vai and M. lirouyii from Yunnan is supported by additional characters. Petalichthyid placoderms are recorded from this locality for the first time, and the skull of a juvenile youngolepidid sarcopterygian is described. Eurypterid fragments and a phyllocarid crustacean are also recorded from the Khao Loc Formation. A new species of the chonetid brachiopod genus Tulynetes, endemic to northern Vietnam, is described from the Pragian Mia Le Formation at Cu Le, Bac Kan Province, a new locality which yields a large diversity of taxa with outstanding preservation.     

新疆准噶尔盆地侏罗纪的几种昆虫化石

新疆准噶尔盆地中生代陆相地层产有丰富的昆虫化石,已研究报道的计有8属19种,归于4目5科。其中,Protorthophlebia strigata Zhang,1996和Orthophlebia exculpta Zhang,1996产自乌苏上三叠统小泉沟群;Mesohagla xinjiangensis Zhang,1996,Protorthophlebia latipennis Tillyard,1933,Ortlwphlebia latebrosa Sukatsheva,1985,Orthophlebia colorata Zhang,1996,Mesopanorpa brodiei(Tillyard,1933)Martynova,1948,Mesopanorpa kuliki Martynova,1948,Mesopanorpa obscura(Martynov,1925)Martynov,1927,Mesopanorpa densa Zhang,1996,Mesopanorpa monstrosa Zhang,1996,Fletcheriana jurassica Zhang,1997,Plachutella exculpta Zhang,1997和Pseudocossus strenus Zhang,1997产自克拉玛依下侏罗统八道湾组;Ovivagina longa Zhang,1997,Ovivagina propinqua Zhang,1997和Ovivagina prolixa Zhang,1997产自沙湾县八道湾组;Ovivagina immediata Zhang,1997产自克拉玛依中侏罗统西山窑组。根据产自准噶尔盆地下侏罗统的同翅目昆虫盖翅标本,建立3新种,即产自沙湾县南安集海八道湾组的Procercopis shawanensis sp．nov．,产自克拉玛依吐孜沟八道湾组的Procercopina delicata sp．nov．,以及产自吉木萨尔县西大沟三工河组的Eofulgoridium tenellum sp．nov．。前两种归入原沫蝉科,最后一种归入短足蜡蝉科;这是Procercopis Martynov和Procercopina Martynov在中国的首次记录。Procercopis shawanensis与P．longipennis Becker Migdisova相似,区别在于新种R脉近末端有一短分支,Rs脉分叉一次,Rs与M脉之间只有一条横脉;Procsrcopina delicata与P．asiatica Martynov的区别在于新种横脉r-rs和r-m没有在一条线上,Rs脉分为2支,M脉后支简单;Eofulgoridium tenellum与E．kisylkiense Martynov的区别在于后者Sc脉在C脉与R脉的中间,M脉三分支。CuA脉在R脉主干分为R与Rs脉之前分叉。