人血管抑素（k1—3）在家蚕细胞和幼虫中的表达及活性测定

将人血管抑素 (angiostatin)基因重组于家蚕杆状病毒转移载体 pBacPAK8中 ,获得重组转移载体pBacPAK angiostatin ,并与被线性化的Bm BacPAK6病毒DNA共转染家蚕细胞 ,获得重组病毒BacPAK angiostatin。DNA点杂交结果表明重组病毒基因组中含有血管抑素基因。重组病毒以MOI=10感染家蚕细胞 (2×10 6个细胞 /瓶 )和家蚕 5龄幼虫 ,表达产物用体外培养的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞 (ECV30 4 )及体内鸡胚尿囊膜(CAM)新生血管实验检测其抑制活性 ,测得血管抑素可明显抑制体外培养的内皮细胞增殖 ,家蚕细胞的产物活性在表达 72h达到最高值 ,在 2× 10 6个细胞中的表达量约 2 2u ;在家蚕体内表达 14 4h生物活性达到最高值 ,表达量约 15 9u/ml。2 .5u/ml的血管抑素能使ECV30 4细胞在 2 4h发生明显凋亡 ;可使CAM新生血管化率明显下降。此外 ,用ELISA、Western印迹方法测定了表达产物的免疫反应性。     

30K蛋白对家蚕细胞及幼虫存活的作用

利用杆状病毒表达系统在家蚕BombyxmoriL.细胞BmN中表达家蚕30K蛋白,以亲本病毒BmPAK6为对照,将重组病毒Bm/r-30K分别感染BmN细胞及家蚕幼虫,观察其感染后不同时间的凋亡及存活率。与对照相比,重组病毒感染后的BmN细胞的存活率明显高于对照组,并且感染的家蚕幼虫存活时间也较长,表明体内过量表达家蚕30K蛋白有助于延长其细胞及幼虫的存活。     

High level expression of a mutant (K151E, R154G) of single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator in silkworm

A cDNA of a mutant (K151E, R154G) of single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (mscu-PA) was constructed to include the natural scu-PA signal peptide sequences and transferred into the genome of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) by transfer vectors pBE284 (derived from BmNPV) and pVL1392 (from AcNPV), respectively. Both Bombyx mori (BmN) cells and silkworm larvae were infected with the two recombinant viruses. Fibrin-plate assay showed that the re-virus from pVL1392 increased the yield of mscu-PA three times compared with the re-virus from pBE284.     

家蚕溶茧酶基因的真核表达及其产物的生物活性检测

为了研究家蚕 Bombyx mori 溶茧酶基因 （cocoonae）真核表达及其产物的生物活性,将溶茧酶基因（GenBank 登录号 EF428980）克隆至杆状病毒转移载体 pFastBac^TM 1 中获得 pFast-cocoonase,将其转化 DH10Bac 感受态细胞后,PCR 方法检测证实所分离的重组病毒 DNA 中含有目的片段溶茧酶基因。用脂质体法 转染家蚕 BmN 细胞,获得重组病毒。SDS-PAGE 分析显示,感染重组杆状病毒 Bac-cocoonase 的细胞表达产物在约为 27.6 kD 处出现特异性条带,这与预测的蛋白大小相符。用该表达产物与茧丝反应后,电镜下观察茧丝的形态,结果表明表达产物对茧丝的丝胶层有一定的水解作用。     

重组家蚕病毒表达传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2蛋白

将传染性囊病病毒ＨＺ９６株主要宿主保护性抗原ＶＰ２的ｃＤＮＡ基因克隆到杆状病毒转移载体ｐＢａｃ－ＰＡＫ８中,获得重组转移载体ｐＢａｃＰＡＫ－ＶＰ２,载体ｐＢａｃＰＡＫ－ＶＰ２与修饰病毒Ｂｍ－ＢａｃＰＡＫ６线性化基因组ＤＮＡ共转染单层家蚕Ｂｏｍｂｙｘ ｍｏｒｉ（Ｂｍ）Ｎ细胞,经细胞内同源重组,筛选到重组病毒。ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ免疫鲩迹结果表明,ＶＰ２在家蚕培养细胞和家蚕幼虫中均得到了表达。     

家蚕Bms3a基因真核表达载体的构建及其在家蚕细胞和蚕体中的表达

Bms3a基因可能在家蚕Bombyx mori抗病或细胞凋亡中有一定的作用。将融合有绿色荧光蛋白的Bins3a基因克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pFastBac1中获得了pFastBac-IE1-Bms3a-EGFP真核表达载体,利用杆状病毒(Bac-to-Bac)表达系统筛选重组杆状病毒,以重组病毒感染家蚕BmN细胞和五龄幼虫,分别在感染24h和48h检测到有绿色荧光蛋白的表达,Western blot证明表达的融合蛋白在相对分子量约57kD处出现特异条带,与预计的蛋白理论值相符。结果表明BmS3A-EGFP融合蛋白在家蚕细胞BmN及幼虫体中得到高效表达。研究结果为进一步研究BmS3A蛋白的功能奠定了基础。     

A new technique for producing recombinant baculovirus directly in silkworm larvae

A new technique for the direct production of recombinant baculovirus in the silkworm larvae is described. To assess the utility of this method, a combination of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedroviral genome, transfer vector and Lipofectin was co-injected directly into newly ecdysed fifth instar, silkworm larvae. The recombinant virus was obtained from the hemolymph of injected larvae and the hemolymph then re-injected into the larvae as an inoculum. This resulted in a high-level production of foreign protein in the silkworm larvae. This technique produces easy and rapid recombinant protein production in silkworms.     

用差异显示技术寻找家蚕诱导前后特异表达的基因

分别抽取诱导和未诱导家蚕(Bombyx mori)蛹脂肪体总RNA进行DDRT-PCR反应。产物于非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上电泳展开,得到的差异条带扩增后大多可以在2%琼脂糖凝胶上得到一条以上的带。Northern blot证明为阳性的一条带克隆后得到6个阳性转化子,SSCP证明它们含有相同的插入片段。对其中之一进行测序,结果显示片段长241bp,没有发现同源性较高的基因。对此基因的进一步研究有望揭示它在昆虫免疫反应中可能扮演的角色。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒多聚蛋白基因在家蚕中的表达

将传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)细胞致弱株(JD1株)的基因组A节段基因重组于家蚕杆状病毒转移载体pAcHLT-C中,获得的重组转移载体pAcHLT-C-A与线性化病毒Bm-BacPAK6 DNA共转染家蚕培养细胞,获得重组病毒BacPAK-A。DIG标记的DNA点杂交证实重组病毒基因组中含有A节段基因,重组病毒感染家蚕5龄幼虫进行表达, ELISA和Western blotting等结果表明多聚蛋白基因在蚕体内得到了表达,表达产物具有免疫反应性,表达量在感染后5～6 d达到最高。家蚕生物反应器表达IBDV多聚蛋白具有我国的资源优势,为今后研制低成本、实用化的IBDV基因工程疫苗打下基础。     

Ace2, rather than ace1, is the major acetylcholinesterase in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Abstract  Two acetylcholinesterase ( ace ) genes have been reported in many insect species. In pests such as Helicoverpa assulta and Plutella xylostellas , ace 1 gene encodes the predominant synaptic enzyme that is the main target of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate pesticides. It has been reported that pesticide selection has an impact on the ace gene evolution. The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori , also has two ace genes. We studied ace gene expression and enzyme activities in silkworm as this has not faced pesticide selection over the past decades. The expression levels of two ace genes, Bm- ace 1 and Bm- ace 2, were estimated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bm- ace 2 was expressed more highly than Bm- ace 1 in all tested samples of different developmental stages or tissues, suggesting ace 2, rather than ace 1, is the major type of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Bombyx mori . This is inconsistent with the aforementioned lepidopterons agricultural pests, partly be due to the widespread use of pesticides that may induce high expression of the ace 1 gene in these pests. Besides high expression in the head, Bm- ace 1 also expresses highly in the silk glands and Bm- ace 2 is abundant in the germline, implying both ace genes may have potential non-hydrolytic roles in development. Furthermore, we found that the mRNA levels of two ace genes and their ratios ( ace 2/ ace 1) change day to day in the first and third instars. This challenges the conventional method of estimating enzymatic activity using crude extract as an enzyme solution, as it is a mixture of AChE1 and AChE2. An efficient and simple method for separating different AChEs is necessary for reliable toxicological analyses.     

家蚕浓核病毒中国株非结构蛋白1(NS1)的表达

利用PCR技术扩增出BmDNV-3 NS1基因,将目的基因与原核表达载体pET-30a进行连接,转化BL2l star菌并在该菌中表达,经Western blot鉴定表达的产物为BmDNV-3 NS1蛋白,纯化NS1蛋白并制备兔多克隆抗体。同时BmDNV-3 NS1基因亚克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pFastBac-HTb-eGFP中,转化BmDH10BAC感受态细胞,提取的重组Bacmid通过脂质体包埋转染家蚕BmN细胞,再以收获的重组病毒感染家蚕幼虫。家蚕BmN细胞和幼虫感染重组病毒2d后均观察到绿色荧光,经SDS-PAGE分析真核表达的产物与预测的NS1-eGFP融合蛋白大小不一致,说明NS1-eGFP融合蛋白被昆虫内源性的蛋白酶降解。降解的产物用NS1蛋白抗体进行Western blot鉴定为BmDNV-3 NS1蛋白。     

家蚕BmPGRP-S5蛋白的抑菌活性及其在细胞免疫中的作用

【目的】肽聚糖识别蛋白(peptidoglycan-recognition proteins, PGRP)可以特异性识别细菌细胞壁中的肽聚糖peptidoglycan, PGN),并通过免疫缺陷(immune deficiency, IMD)途径和Toll途径诱导昆虫抗菌肽的产生。本研究旨在探讨家蚕Bombyx mori肽聚糖识别蛋白BmPGRP-S5的抑菌活性及在引发家蚕细胞免疫中的作用。【方法】用果蝇胚胎S2细胞表达BmPGRP-S5蛋白;通过细菌生长曲线法检测BmPGRP-S5蛋白对大肠杆菌Escherichia coli K₁₂D₃₁、金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus和巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium的抑菌活性;ELISA检测BmPGRP-S5蛋白与大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis胞壁组分的结合力;通过测定吸光值和观察家蚕血淋巴黑化反应分析BmPGRP-S5对细菌胞壁组分激活酚氧化酶原(prophenoloxidase, PPO)的影响,并通过异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记法检测BmPGRP-S5对家蚕血细胞吞噬细菌的影响。【结果】获得表达纯化的BmPGRP-S5蛋白。BmPGRP-S5蛋白对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌K₁₂D₃₁和巨大芽孢杆菌无抑菌效果,加入40 μmol/L的Zn²⁺后,其对巨大芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果明显增强。ELISA结果表明,BmPGRP-S5蛋白与来自金黄色葡萄球菌的PGN和枯草芽孢杆菌脂磷壁酸(LTA)的结合能力较强,同时也促进了这两种细菌胞壁组分激活家蚕血淋巴酚氧化酶原,加快胞璧组分介导的家蚕血淋巴黑化反应。加入BmPGRP-S5蛋白后,家蚕血细胞对金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率提高到53.33%左右,对大肠杆菌K₁₂D₃₁的吞噬率在25.83%左右,对巨大芽孢杆菌的吞噬率达30.83%左右,与对照组相比显著增强。【结论】BmPGRP-S5抑菌作用依赖于Zn²⁺,可能与其酰胺酶活性有关。BmPGRP-S5可以通过识别细菌胞壁组分PGN或LTA在家蚕的黑化反应和细胞吞噬中发挥作用。本研究使用的BmPGRP-S5蛋白是通过在果蝇 S2 细胞进行重组表达获得,更能真实地反映其在昆虫体内生理状态下的功能活性。因此,本研究的结果对进一步开发利用BmPGRP-S5有指导意义。     

抑前胸腺肽在家蚕体内的活性作用

家蚕Bombyx mori抑前胸腺肽是昆虫脑神经肽的一种,体外实验表明它能抑制处于活动时期的家蚕前胸腺合成蜕皮激素,因此抑前胸腺肽可能对昆虫的变态起着重要的作用。将抑前胸腺肽以不同的浓度分单一注射和加强注射导入家蚕体内,不同的时间间隔取样,利用蜕皮激素放射免疫分析方法,观察到了抑前胸腺肽在家蚕体内的活性作用以及引起家蚕体内血淋巴中蜕皮激素浓度的动态变化,首次证明了抑前胸腺肽在体内对家蚕前胸腺合成蜕皮激素有强烈的抑制作用。     

抑前胸腺肽在家蚕体内的活性作用

家蚕Bombyx mori抑前胸腺肽是昆虫脑神经肽的一种,体外实验表明它能抑制处于活动时期的家蚕前胸腺合成蜕皮激素,因此抑前胸腺肽可能对昆虫的变态起着重要的作用。将抑前胸腺肽以不同的浓度分单一注射和加强注射导入家蚕体内,不同的时间间隔取样,利用蜕皮激素放射免疫分析方法,观察到了抑前胸腺肽在家蚕体内的活性作用以及引起家蚕体内血淋巴中蜕皮激素浓度的动态变化,首次证明了抑前胸腺肽在体内对家蚕前胸腺合成蜕皮激素有强烈的抑制作用。     

Isolation and Identification of Two β-Hydroxy-pyridine Derivatives from the Nondialyzable Melanoidin-hydrolyzate

The hydrolyzate of the melanoidin prepared from glucose-ammonia system (kept in pH 5.3~6.0 during the reaction) was fractionated into the two fractions of non-adsorbate and adsorbate on Amberlite IR-120 (H⁺-form). In the present paper, the adsorbed fraction (Fraction B) was examined.

Paper chromatographic examination of the Fraction B indicated the presence of at least eight compounds positive to diazotized sulphanilic acid reagent. The two compounds of them (indicated orange and orange-yellow color) were isolated and identified as 2-methyl-5-hydroxy-pyridine and 2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-pyridine, respectively.

It is probable that these compounds would loosely be bound as a small moiety in the melanoidin molecule.