Specklinia integripetala and S. ianthina spp. nov. (Orchidaceae–Pleurothallidinae) from northeastern Brazil

Two new species of the genus Specklinia Lindl. (Orchidaceae) are described and illustrated from the septentrional portion of the Atlantic Forest, in northeastern Brazil. Specklinia integripetala comes from the highland forest of Pernambuco state, and S. ianthina from a dry forest of Bahia state. Specklinia integripetala E. Pessoa & F. Barros sp. nov. is morphologically related to S. semperflorens, but differs by a loose inflorescence, acute sepals, petals with entire margin and column with a clinandrium with an entire margin. Specklinia ianthina E. Pessoa & F. Barros sp. nov. is morphologically related to S. spiculifera, but differs by wider leaves, lateral sepals completely connate, lanceolate petals and oblong mid‐lobe of the lip with a rounded apex.     

Bryoerythrophyllum neimonggolicum X.-L.Bai & C.Feng (Pottiaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia,China

Abstract

A new Inner Mongolian endemic species, Bryoerythrophyllum neimonggolicum X.-L.Bai & C.Feng is described and illustrated from China. It is characterized by lingulate to broad-lanceolate leaves with obtuse or rounded apex, leaf margins broadly recurved to revolute to near the apex, bulging laminal cells, basal cells with thickened walls and the absence of lax and enlarged basal cells. This species is compared with closely related species and its ecology is discussed.     

A new species of Malaxis (Orchidaceae) from Morelos, Mexico

A new species from the Mexican state of Morelos, Malaxis lyonnetii, is described and illustrated. It is similar to M. lepanthiflora but is distinguished by its much smaller flowers, distally uncinate basal lip lobes, and entire, rounded apical lip lobe.

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Resumen  Se describe e ilustra a Malaxis lyonnetii, una nueva especie del estado mexicano de Morelos. Esta especie es similar a M. lepanthiflora, de la que se distingue por las flores mucho menores, los lóbulos basales del labelo distalmente uncinados y el lóbulo apical del labelo entero y redondeado.

     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stephanopodium</Emphasis> (Dichapetalaceae) from eastern Brazil

A new species of Stephanopodium (Dichapetalaceae) from tabuleiro forests in southern Bahia is here described and illustrated. This species, named Stephanopodium gracile because of its slender habit, is compared to S. blanchetianum and S. organense. From these two species, S. gracile can be distinguished by the inflorescences on the apical portion of the leaf petiole, young branches with sparse short appressed trichomes, and glabrous leaves; from S. blanchetianum it differs also by leaf blades with an acuminate (vs. usually obtuse or rounded, and sometimes acute) apex.     

Fissidens traversii,a new species from Queensland,Australia

Abstract

Fissidens traversii, a new species from Queenslahd, Australia, is characterised by the rounded leaf apex, costa papillose and finishing short of the apex, mamillose, multipapillose cells, short dorsal lamina and vaginant laminae (which usually have a marginal strip of transversely elongated calls in the lower half), reaching almost to the apex of the leaf.     

Carapa vasquezii (Meliaceae), a new species from western Amazonia

Carapa vasquezii from western Amazonia is described and illustrated. The new species differs from the closely related C. guianensis in having leaflets with an obtuse to rounded apex and a farinose midrib, farinose inflorescence and flower pedicels, 6-ovulate locules, and smaller seeds with a very much reduced hilum.     

Myoxanthus oliviae sp. nov. (Pleurothallidinae,Orchidaceae) from Peru

A new species of the orchid genus Myoxanthus, M. oliviae, is described based on Peruvian material. The novelty resembles M. serripetalus from which it differs by the 7–8‐veined lateral sepals (versus 6‐ or 9‐veined), the petals contracted below the apex and expanded again into a sagittate apex (versus apex caudate) and entire lip middle lobe (versus fimbriate). The flowers of M. oliviae are pale brownish‐purple, internally intensively suffused with yellow, dark‐purple spotted. The new species grows among rocks at the elevation of 2700–3100 m a.s.l. A key to Peruvian Myoxanthus representatives is provided.     

A new species of Govenia (Orchidaceae) from Chiapas, Mexico

Govenia rubellilabia, a new terrestrial orchid from Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters of this new species are compared with other species ofGovenia. Govenia rubellilabia is similar in appearance toG. matudae, but it can be distinguished from this species by a shorter inflorescence with fewer flowers, green-yellowish tepals, a reddish lip lacking spots in the margin of the apex, and by a shorter anther beak.     

Bletia greenwoodiana (Orchidaceae), a new species from Durango,Mexico

Bletia greenwoodiana, a species found in oak-pine forests in Durango and Jalisco, Mexico, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished by its purplis flowers, with the dorsal sepal and petals narrowly elliptic and acuminate at the apex. Its trilobed lip has wide lateral lobes, forming short sinuses, with rounded apices. The midlobe is very short, one third of the total length of the lip, with an emarginate apex dividing it into two small lobes.     

A new <Emphasis Type="Italic">Maxillariella</Emphasis> (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae) from Costa Rica and Panama

Maxillariella prostrata, a new species from Costa Rica and Panama is described and illustrated. This species is similar to M. acervata but differs in having a prostrate habit, elliptic leaves up to 2 cm long, pseudobulbs with two unequal apical leaves, one larger and the other smaller, a red-spotted lip, the column apex entire, and the pollinarium made up of two small globose pollinia on an oblong stipe. Maxillariella prostrata also resembles M. dichaeoides from Ecuador and Peru but differs in having yellow to white flowers spotted with red, and the lip with a well-defined callus.     

A new species of Ornithocephalus (Orchidaceae) from Panama

Ornithocephalus aristatus, a new species from Panama, is described and illustrated. Among the species of the genusOrnithocephalus, it can be distinguished by the nonresupinate flowers, the sepals each provided with a flexuous awn half as long as the sepal itself, the porrect petals with revolute margins, the hastate lip with triangular-ovate, crose lateral lobes, the linear, acute midlobe, conduplicate and subreflexed at apex, and the dise with a bilobed, obreniform callus provided with a conical tuft of stiff hairs. A key to the species ofOrnithocephalus from Panama is provided.     

Gentianella tumailica (Gentianaceae) – A new species from cold deserts of northwest Himalaya,India

A new species of Gentianella, G. tumailica sp. nov., from Tumail in the Kargil district of Ladakh, northwest Himalaya, India is described and illustrated. This novelity is morphologically similar to the sympatric G. stoliczka in inflorescence pattern, calyx and corolla shapes, sagitate anthers, more or less rounded seeds, but differs in smaller size of vegetative and floral structures, larger basal leaves, few cauline leaves, leaf apex obtuse to rounded, calyx lobes unequal (2 longer, 3 shorter), inflorescence enveloped by 4 foliaceous bracts, capsule elliptic to oblong and seed coat smooth. In addition, a diagnostic key to all Indian species of Gentianella is presented.     

A new pseudostipule-bearing species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aristolochia</Emphasis> (Aristolochiaceae) from Bahía and Espíritu Santo,Brazil

Aristolochia gracilipedunculata, a new pseudostipule-bearing species from Bahía and Espíritu Santo (eastern Brazil), is here described and compared to other species present in this area that belong to the informal group Pseudostipulosae. The new species is easily recognizable by the presence of a long, filiform peduncle, and by the oblong, fimbriate perianth limb with a rounded and emarginate apex. Floral morphology of the new species is also compared to other non-Pseudostipulosae South American species with similar perianth shape.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Miconia walterjuddii</Emphasis> (Miconieae: Melastomataceae), a new species from Cuba

Miconia walterjuddii, a new species of Melastomataceae from the mountains in northeast Cuba, is described. This species can be easily assigned to Miconia section Chaenopleura due to its short anthers that open by two longitudinal slits. Sequence data from nrITS confirm this placement. This new species is characterized by its inconspicuous lepidote indumentum of minute adpressed scales ca. 0.05 mm long; small flowers in dichasia, forming a compact, many-flowered, rounded to subcorymbose cymes, with purple to fuchsia colored petals.     

On the taxonomic position of Sciaromium lacustre Herz. & Rich. in Rich.

Abstract

Sciaromium lacustre Herz. & Rich. in Rich. from Peru is misplaced in Sciaromium and a new genus, Richardsiopsis, is erected to accommodate it. Richardsiopsis is considered most closely related to Donrichardsia macroneuron (Grout) Crum & Anderson from Texas on the basis of their similar gametophyte characters including the strong costa, oblong-rhomboidal to linear-flexuose, prorate lamina cells which are partly arranged in pluristratose strands and foliose, suborbicular, broadly rounded at the apex pseudoparaphyllia.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zamia</Emphasis> from Chocó, Colombia (Cycadales,Zamiaceae)

Zamia pyrophylla, a new species from Chocó, Colombia, is described and illustrated. It is compared to Z. amazonum, Z. cunaria, and Z. ipetiensis. It is distinguished by its bright orange and red emerging leaves with leaflets that progressively turn green from the apex to the base as they mature, petioles with branched prickles and with ferruginous pubescence when immature, villous strobilar axes, and adaxial microsporangia.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Desmosorus</Emphasis>, a new rust genus (Uredinales)

Uredo behnickiana (syn. Hemileia americana and H. oncidii) is known on orchids of the genera Cattleya, Epidendrum, Laelia, Lophiaris and Oncidium. Previously, only the uredinial stages of these fungi have been described. The telial stage of the rust species was found for the first time on Oncidium marshallianum. Because of a unique combination of morphological characters the fungus could not be assigned to Hemileia or any other known rust genus. Desmosorus is proposed, therefore, as a new genus with Desmosorus oncidii as the single known species. Desmosorus is characterised by (1) suprastomatal sori on which the spores are formed at the ends of branched hyphae, by (2) subglobose to ovoid, echinulate urediniospores with a smooth patch around the hilum and by (3) thin-walled, oblong elliptical to cylindrical teliospores with a rounded apex.     

Notes on the genus Quekettia (Orchidaceae) with descriptions of two new species from Colombia and Guyana

Two new species of the orchid genus Quekettia are described. Colombian Quekettia aureliae is distinguished from similar Q. microscopica by the pandurate lip with a pair of small, flap‐like calli in the isthmus between hypo‐ and epichile, and deeply emarginated epichile apex. Quekettia senghasiana found in Guyana resembles Q. papillosa but it is characterized by the free lateral sepals, oblanceolate, obtuse petals and much larger lip which is oblong–obovate in outline and with lip disc being papillate only near the base.