利用反相高效液相色谱测定香椿叶中槲皮素含量

用乙醇对香椿叶粉末进行提取,树脂柱浓缩,真空冷冻干燥,甲醇溶解,制备香椿黄酮。用7.6 mol.L-1盐酸85℃水浴回流2 h进行水解,以反相ODS柱甲醇-水(体积比为50:50,磷酸调pH至2.53)为流动相,在波长368 nm处对香椿叶中的槲皮素进行分离、测定。结果表明:香椿叶中含槲皮素平均质量分数为1.28%,平均加样回收率为98.9%,RSD为1.75%,反相高效液相色谱法测定香椿叶中槲皮素含量操作简便易行、结果准确可靠。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定十种五加属植物叶中三萜Chiisanoside和Chiisaogenin

建立反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定chiisanoside和chiisanogenin的定量分析方法,利用最优色谱条件对十种中韩五加属植物叶中的三萜chiisanoside和chiisanogenin进行定量分析.研究结果表明,最佳色谱条件为:ODS-C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-水(55:45);检测波长:205 nm;柱温:40℃;流速:1.0 mL/min.Chiisanoside和chiisanogenin线性范围和回归方程分别为16.5～ 181.5 μg/mL,Y=5498356X-9738(r=0.9995)和4.88～78.0 μg/mL,Y=5753131X-8289 (r=0.9979),加样回收率分别为98.87％(标准偏差为1.14％)和98.83％(标准偏差为0.72％).     

忍冬属植物开花过程中绿原酸类化合物含量的变化

忍冬是中国传统中药材金银花的药源植物。采用高效液相色谱—光电二极管阵列检测器联用技术(HPLC-PAD)和高效液相色谱—电喷雾离子化—多级质谱联用技术(HPLC-ESI-MSn)对忍冬和4种同属植物在开花不同阶段中绿原酸类化合物进行了定性和定量分析,以明确忍冬属植物花的利用价值及其最佳采收期。结果发现:4种忍冬属植物花蕾及开放花朵中均含有新绿原酸、绿原酸、绿原酸甲酯、异绿原酸A和一种异绿原酸的异构体;绿原酸和总绿原酸在花蕾中的含量高于开放花朵,但贯月忍冬变化不显著;火焰忍冬、贯月忍冬、台尔曼忍冬中绿原酸和总绿原酸的含量在花蕾膨大期(大白期)和初花期(银花期)都高于忍冬,而格雷姆忍冬和忍冬差异不显著,研究表明,4种忍冬属植物花及花蕾都具有较高的开发利用价值。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定不同品种花椒中芦丁和槲皮素的含量

目的:建立RP-HPLC测定花椒中芦丁与槲皮素含量的方法,并对不同种花椒的中芦丁与槲皮素含量进行测定与比较。方法:Zorbax Eclipse C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相∶甲醇-0.4%磷酸(50∶50);流速1 mL/min;检测波长:360 nm;柱温25℃。结果:芦丁在0.25~5.0μg,r=0.999 9峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率为99.1%,RSD为4.3%(n=3)。槲皮素在0.25~0.5μg,r=0.999 9峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率为111.2%,RSD为5.1%(n=3)。结论:该方法可用于花椒中芦丁和槲皮素的测定。测定结果表明,韩城红花椒中芦丁含量最高,茂汉红花椒次之,四川青花椒较少,云南青花椒最低。槲皮素在韩城红花椒中含量较高,在其他三种花椒中差别不大。     

糯米香茶中角鲨烯含量的RP-HPLC测定

建立测定糯米香茶中角鲨烯含量的RP-HPLC分析方法。采用DiamonsilTMC18色谱柱,流动相为甲醇/乙腈(60/40,v/v),流速1.2 mL/min,柱温40℃,检测波长203 nm。在该条件下角鲨烯标准品和糯米香茶中角鲨烯分离效果均良好,在0.4144～2.0720 ug范围内呈良好线性关系(R2=0.9999)。该方法精密度试验结果RSD为1.146%,角鲨烯平均回收率为100.97%,RSD为2.32%,供试液稳定性良好,符合2005版《中国药典》要求。     

三种山茶属金花茶组植物花朵类黄酮成分研究

该研究以山茶属金花茶组的金花茶、凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用技术定性定量分析其花朵中类黄酮成分与含量。结果表明:三种植物中检测到15种类黄酮,其中天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷为金花茶组首次发现;槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山萘酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷为凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶中首次发现。儿茶素、表儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山萘酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷为三个物种主体成分;天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷为金花茶特有,槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷为崇左金花茶特有;木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷主要存在于金花茶和崇左金花茶;木犀草素主要存在于凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶。类黄酮类型主要为儿茶素类、槲皮素类、木犀草素类和山萘酚类;崇左金花茶中槲皮素类、木犀草素类及类黄酮总量远高于金花茶和凹脉金花茶,凹脉金花茶和崇左金花茶儿茶素类高于金花茶,金花茶和崇左金花茶山萘酚类高于凹脉金花茶。     

黑水缬草和毛节缬草中缬草素的含量测定

目的:测定黑龙江省黑水缬草和毛节缬草中主要活性成分缬草素的含量.方法:RP-HPLC法.采用岛津ODSC18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-水(体积比40:60);流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为256nm.结果:缬草素在12.5～300 μg/mL范围内线形良好,回归方程式为y=1 006.17X-748.90(r=0.999 3),平均回收率为97.4%,RSD为2.33%(n=5).结论:该方法简便快速、结果准确,适用于黑水缬草和毛节缬草中缬草素的定量分析.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定青蒿中青蒿酸的含量

本文建立了反相高效液相色谱快速测定青蒿中青蒿酸含量的方法。色谱条件为:Diamonsil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温为(30±1)℃,流动相采用乙腈与0.2%磷酸水溶液混合液(体积比65:35),流速1 mL/min,检测波长220 nm。标准曲线回归方程:Y=8.784573×10-8X-6.443559×10-5,r=0.9997,青蒿酸回收率为102.4%。实验证明该方法稳定可靠、精密度高、重现性好、简单可行,适用于青蒿酸的分析检测。     

RP-HPLC法测定葫芦巴中葫芦巴皂苷B的含量

本文采用Kromasil C18(250×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液(83:17)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,DAD检测器,检测波长203 nm,对葫芦巴中葫芦巴皂苷B含量进行测定,能将葫芦巴皂苷B与杂质分开,葫芦巴皂苷B在1.60~11.20μg范围内峰面积与其浓度线性关系良好(R=0.99996),样品的平均加样回收率为99.83%,RSD为1.47%(n=6)。该法测定样品快速准确,重现性好。     

虫草制品中腺苷和虫草素含量的RP-HPLC分析

采用超声提取,反相高效液相色谱方法分析了各种虫草制品中的腺苷和虫草素的含量,以含0．05mol／L 的磷酸二氢钾：甲醇（85／15,V／V）作为流动相。检测波长为260nm。进样量为10μL,40℃条件下检测。在5mg／L到250mg／L的浓度范围内呈线性相关。研究显示利用蒸馏水在60℃超声提取20min,腺苷和虫草素的回收率在85％-95％之间。     

Cinnamic Acid and Cinnamaldehyde Ameliorate Cisplatin‐Induced Splenotoxicity in Rats

Cinnamic acid (CA) and cinnamaldehyde (CD) are major constituents of cinnamon species. They possess various pharmacological properties of which their antioxidant activity is a prime one. This study aims to investigate potential protective effects against cisplatin (CP)‐induced splenotoxicity in rats. A single dose of CP (5 mg/kg) injected i.p. caused a significant decrease in hemoglobin content (18%), total leucocytic count (46%), neutrophils (78%), and catalase (CAT) splenic activity (64%) with a marked increase in lymphocytes (26%) and splenic content of malondialdehyde (68%) and TNF‐α (69%) as compared with the control group. Contrarily, CA (50 mg/kg, p.o.) or CD (40 mg/kg, p.o.) administration for 7 days before CP ameliorated CP‐induced splenotoxicity as indicated by mitigation of the biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. These results revealed the promising protective effects of CA and CD on CP‐induced splenotoxicity in rats; an effect that might be attributed to antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities.     

Comparative Study of the Possible Protective Effects of Cinnamic Acid and Cinnamaldehyde on Cisplatin‐Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

This study aimed to assess the protective effect of cinnamic acid (CA) and cinnamaldehyde (CD) against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity. A single dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg), injected intraperitoneally to male rats, caused significant increases in serum urea, creatinine levels, and lipid peroxides measured as the malondialdehyde content of kidney, with significant decreases in serum albumin, reduced glutathione, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) of kidney as compared with the control group. On the other hand, administration of CA (50 mg/kg, p.o.) or CD (40 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days before cisplatin ameliorated the cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity as indicated by the restoration of kidney function and oxidative stress parameters. Furthermore, they reduced the histopathological changes induced by cisplatin. In conclusion, CA and CD showed protective effects against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity where CD was more effective than CA; affects that might be attributed to their antioxidant activities.     

A Chromosomal Study of Eight Species in Allium Sect. Rhiziridium G. Don in China

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of eight species of Sect. Rhiziridium in Allium (Liaceae). The materials were all collected from their natural populations in east Inner Mongolia, China. The karyotype analysis is made on the basis of Li et al. (1985).The results are as follows (for chromosomes parameters, voucher specimens and localities, see Table 1 and Plate 1--2 the idiograms of the eight species in Fig. 1): (1) Auium leucocephalum Turcz. The somatic chromosome number and karyotype of this species is 2n=16=12m=2sm+2st (2SAT), in Stebbinsl(1971) kayotype classification, which belongs to 2A (Plate 1: 1; Fig. 1: 1). The range of chromosome relative length varies between 8.90--15.55%. Two small satellites are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosomes. (2) A. strictum Schrader has 2n (4x) =32=16m+4sm+12st, belonging to 2B (Plate 1: 2 & Fig. 1: 2). Satellites were not observed., and the range of chromosome relative length is between 3. 67-11.00%. (3) A. ramosum L. 2n=16=14m+ 2st (2SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 1: 3 & Fig. 1: 3), Two small satellies are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosomes. The range of chromosome relative length is between 9.17-16.39%. The chromosome number and karyotype of this species are in accordancewith those reported by Li et al. (1982) with the material from Jinshan, Beijing. (4) A. bidentatum Fisch. ex Prokh. 2n (4x) =32=24m+4sm+4T, belonging to 2B (Plate 1: 4 & Fig. 1: 4). Satellites were not observed. A small median B-chromosome was found in root-tip cells of the population growing in sandy soil, and it is the first discovery (Plate 2: 9). The species has terminal chromosomes, which are seldom seen in Sect. Rhiziridium. The range of chromosome relative length is between 3.32—9.06%. (5) A. tenuissimu L. 2n=16= 10m+4sm+2st(2SAT), belonging to 2B(Plate 1:5 & Fig. 1:5). Two large satellites are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosome. The range of chromosome relative length is between 8.27--17.56%. (6)A. anisopodium Ledeb. 2n = 16 = l2m +2sm + 2st (2SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 2:7 & Fig. 1: 7). Two large satellites are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosomes. In somatic cells of some plants of this species, a small submedian B-chromosome was found (Plate 2: 10, 11). The range of chromosome relative length is between 8.05-17.08 %. (7) A. anisopodium Ledeb. var. zimmermannianum (Gilg) Wang et Tang 2n (4x)=32=24m+4sm+4st( 4SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 1: 6 & Fig. 1: 6). Four large satellites are attached to the short arms of the 15 and 16th pairs of chromosomes. The range of chromosome relative length is between 4.45--8.35%. This variety is similar to A. anisopodium Ledeb. in morphological characters, and their karyotype formulas are also very similar. The present authors consider that the variety is an allotetraploid derived from A. anisopodium Ledeb. (8) A. condensatum Turcz. 2n=16=14m+2st (2SAT), belonging to 2B (Plate 2:8 & Fig. 1:8). Two. small satellites are attached to the short arms of the 6th pair of chromosomes. In a few individuals of this species median (M) B-chromosome was discovered, and the number is stable (Plate 2: 12). The range of chromosome relative length is between 7.64--17.07%. In short, the chromosome numbers of the species studied in the present work are found to be 2n=16 or 32, and the karyotypes belong to 2A or 2B, highly symmetrical. The karyotypes of Chinese materials of these species are mostly reported for the first time. Threespecies have B-chromosomes.     

肉桂酸和邻苯二甲酸对沙芥属植物幼苗光合特性的影响

为探讨肉桂酸和邻苯二甲酸对沙芥属植物光合特性的影响,以沙芥和斧翅沙芥幼苗为试验材料,研究 0、0.01、0.1、1和10 mmol·L-1肉桂酸和邻苯二甲酸处理下其生长、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和气体交换参数的变化。结果表明：（1）肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸对沙芥幼苗生长均表现为低浓度促进高浓度抑制,而对斧翅沙芥生长则表现为抑制作用,肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸浓度为10 mmol·L-1时对沙芥属植物的生长抑制作用最显著。（2）不同浓度肉桂酸和邻苯二甲酸处理后沙芥与斧翅沙芥的叶绿素a（Chl a）、叶绿素b（Chl b）、叶绿素总量(Chl.a+b)均出现不同程度的下降（3）沙芥和斧翅沙芥叶片净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）在肉桂酸和邻苯二甲酸浓度为10 mmol·L-1显著低于对照,胞间 CO2浓度（Ci）无显著变化,其光合速率降低的主要原因是由非气孔因素所致。（4）沙芥和斧翅沙芥的最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、实际光化学效率（ФPSII）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）均在肉桂酸和邻苯二甲酸浓度为10 mmol·L-1显著低于对照,而非光化学荧光猝灭系数( NPQ ) 则显著高于对照。研究表明,高浓度邻苯二甲酸和肉桂酸抑制沙芥和斧翅沙芥幼苗的光合作用,降低其光合速率,导致沙芥和斧翅沙芥叶片的PSII反应中心活性和开放程度受损,进而影响沙芥和斧翅沙芥的生长。另外肉桂酸和邻苯二甲酸对沙芥属植物光合特性的影响表现出差异,这可能是由于植物类型和胁迫类型不同而表现出不同的变化趋势。     

Enzymatic Synthesis of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives

Using Novozym 435 as catalyst, the syntheses of ethyl ferulate (EF) from ferulic acid (4-hydroxy 3-methoxy cinnamic acid) and ethanol, and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) from p-methoxycinnamic acid and 2-ethyl hexanol were successfully carried out in this study. A conversion of 87% was obtained within 2 days at 75 °C for the synthesis of EF. For the synthesis of OMC at 80 °C, 90% conversion can be obtained within 1 day. The use of solvent and high reaction temperature resulted in better conversion for the synthesis of cinnamic acid derivatives. Some cinnamic acid esters could also be obtained with higher conversion and shorter reaction times in comparison to other methods reported in the literature. The enzyme can be reused several times before significant activity loss was observed. Revisions requested 10 January 2006; Revisions received 17 January 2006     

桂皮醛亚微乳注射剂中桂皮醛的含量测定研究

目的:建立桂皮醛亚微乳注射剂中桂皮醛含量的测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,按照固定相为色谱柱Diamonsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈:0.5%冰乙酸水溶液(60:40),检测波长为288 nm,流速为1.0 m L·min~(-1),柱温为25℃,进样量为10μL的进样条件,测定桂皮醛亚微乳注射剂中桂皮醛的含量。结果:桂皮醛在5~100μg·mL~(-1)浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,标准曲线方程为Y=1703 X-1996(r~2=0.999,n=6)。在低、中、高三个浓度下,一天内连续3次和连续3天测定样品,测定的RSD值均小于2.0%,精密度良好。加速试验中,在温度30℃,相对湿度60%的条件下放置6个月,样品测定结果与0天相比无变化。本实验中3批桂皮醛亚微乳注射剂中桂皮醛含量的均值为19.89μg·mL~(-1),平均回收率为100.98%,RSD为1.45%。结论:本方法操作简便、快速准确,稳定性高,系统重现性良好可有效控制桂皮醛亚微乳注射剂中有效成分含量。     

山茶属连蕊茶组和毛蕊茶组资源及其种质创新研究进展

山茶属(Camellia)植物集茶叶、茶油及茶花三大特色为一身。近年来,该属连蕊茶组(Sect. Theopsis)和毛蕊茶组(Sect. Eriandria)植物随着野生资源在束花茶花种质创新等方面的发展而逐渐受到关注。为在未来山茶的开发应用中进一步利用两组资源,本文重点总结连蕊茶组和毛蕊茶组的植物资源、观赏性及适应性、种质创新等方面的研究进展。1)山茶属主要包括闵天禄、张宏达及Sealy三个分类系统研究,按照张宏达分类系统,连蕊茶组资源48种,毛蕊茶组15种;闵天禄分类学系统连蕊茶组19种,毛蕊茶组9种。2)两组资源具开花繁密,叶形较小的特点;花的挥发性成分以苯乙醇、芳樟醇、柏木醇为主。3)在应用研究中主要体现在束花茶花的育种,连蕊茶组植物10余种,毛蕊茶组1～2种已用于种质创新。从目前的研究来看,两组资源的基础研究相对薄弱,亟需结合经典分类及现代分子生物等技术开展全面的综合性基础研究;在充分发挥我国特有连蕊茶组和毛蕊茶组资源的基础上,聚焦抗逆性及观赏性的种质创新,不断丰富该类资源在园林景观等方面的应用。     

Relationships Between Climate and Flowering of Eight Herbs in a Swedish Deciduous Forest

Effects of annual variation in rainfall, temperature and humidityon flowering abundance of eight temperate woodland plants (Anemonenemorosa, Cardamine bulbifera, Lamiastrum galeobdolon,Oxalisacetosella , Ranunculus ficaria, Stellaria holostea, Viola reichenbachianaand Viola riviniana) were studied during 12 consecutive years(1989–2000) in a hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) forest insoutheast Sweden. Above-average rainfall/humidity in late summerto early autumn of the preceding year increased flowering abundancein L. galeobdolon, O. acetosella, V. reichenbachiana, V. rivinianaand, especially, in R. ficaria, but not in S. holostea and A.nemorosa. Moreover, flowering of R. ficaria and O. acetosellawas positively related to rainfall/humidity during several partsof, or the entire, preceding year. On the contrary, floweringof S. holostea and A. nemorosa was closely related to low valuesof rainfall/humidity in autumn and/or winter of the precedingyear and also to low humidity in the current year in A. nemorosa.Two long periods (3–4 years) of increasing rainfall deficitcoincided with decreasing flowering abundance in most of thespecies, but not with decreasing vegetative development. Temperaturevariability was less consistently related to flowering. A coolperiod during the preceding summer or autumn seemed importantfor flowering in L. galeobdolon, O. acetosella and the Violaspecies, although these relations were, at least partly, causedby interactions with rainfall/humidity. No significant (P <0.05) correlations were found between flowering and the conditionsprevailing in April to May—the main flowering season—ofthe current year. Copyright 2001 Annals of Botany Company Climate, flowering, rainfall, temperature, Anemone nemorosa, Cardamine bulbifera, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Oxalis acetosella, Ranunculus ficaria, Stellaria holostea, Viola reichenbachiana, Viola riviniana     

肉桂酸和咖啡酸对莴苣生长的化感作用及其机理研究

该研究以莴苣为受体植物,分析了酚酸类化感物质肉桂酸和咖啡酸对莴苣幼苗生长的活性效应及其作用机理,以揭示酚酸类化合物的化感作用机制。结果显示:(1)不同浓度的肉桂酸均对莴苣幼苗根长、茎长及鲜重产生明显的抑制作用,当肉桂酸的浓度为1 000μmol/L时其对莴苣幼苗根长、茎长及鲜重的抑制率分别达到了89%、74%和49%;咖啡酸对莴苣幼苗根长和茎长均表现出低浓度(0.1、1.0和10μmol/L)促进、高浓度(100和1 000μmol/L)抑制的活性作用模式,且高浓度下肉桂酸对幼苗生长的抑制作用明显强于咖啡酸。(2)较低浓度(0.1、1.0和10μmol/L)的肉桂酸和咖啡酸对莴苣根尖细胞活力均无明显影响;高浓度(100和1 000μmol/L)的肉桂酸和咖啡酸使莴苣根尖细胞的死亡数明显增加。(3)低浓度(0.1和1.0μmol/L)的肉桂酸和较低浓度(0.1、1.0和10μmol/L)的咖啡酸对莴苣根部的活性氧积累均无明显影响;当肉桂酸处理浓度大于10μmol/L及咖啡酸处理浓度大于100μmol/L时,随着浓度的升高莴苣根部活性氧的积累大量增加。研究表明,一定浓度的肉桂酸和咖啡酸均能够诱导莴苣体内活性氧的产生和积累,并降低幼苗根尖细胞的活力,进而影响莴苣幼苗的生长发育,且肉桂酸的生长抑制作用明显强于咖啡酸。