急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤大鼠海马AQP4的表达

目的:探讨大鼠急性酒精中毒合并颅脑外伤后AQP4在海马区表达的变化.方法:健康成年雄性SD大鼠96只,随机分为4组:假手术组(N组)、急性酒精中毒组(A组)、中度创伤性脑损伤组(T组)和急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤(AT组).腹腔注射酒精(2.5g/kg),2h后以重物自由落体击打大鼠头部建立急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)动物模型.各组动物分别存活1、3、5、14天.免疫组化方法检测海马CA1区AQP4的表达.结果:AQP4阳性产物分布于胶质纤维和毛细血管壁,各实验组表达均高于N组.术后1天T组比AT组表达显著增高(P＜0.01),术后3天AT组比T组表达增高(P＜0.05),术后14天AT组比T组表达显著增高(P＜0.01).结论:大鼠急性酒精中毒合并颅脑外伤后晚期,海马CA1区AQP4表达增高,可能加重晚期继发性脑水肿,是急性酒精中毒合并颅脑外伤预后不良的原因之一.     

急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤大鼠海马AQP4的表达

目的:探讨大鼠急性酒精中毒合并颅脑外伤后AQP4在海马区表达的变化.方法:健康成年雄性SD大鼠96只,随机分为4组:假手术组(N组)、急性酒精中毒组(A组)、中度创伤性脑损伤组(T组)和急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤(AT组).腹腔注射酒精(2.5g/kg),2h后以重物自由落体击打大鼠头部建立急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)动物模型.各组动物分别存活1、3、5、14天.免疫组化方法检测海马CAI区AQP4的表达.结果:AQP4阳性产物分布于胶质纤维和毛细血管壁,各实验组表达均高于N组.术后1天T组比AT组表达显著增高(P＜0.01),术后3天AT组比T组表达增高(P＜0.05),术后14天AT组比T组表达显著增高(P＜0.01).结论:大鼠急性酒精中毒合并颅脑外伤后晚期,海马CAI区AQP4表达增高,可能加重晚期继发性脑水肿,是急性酒精中毒合并颅脑外伤预后不良的原因之一.     

急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤对大鼠海马NOS2表达和学习记忆的影响

目的:探讨急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤对大鼠海马NOS2表达和学习记忆的影响。方法:健康成年雄性SD大鼠96只,水迷宫训练3天后分为4组:生理盐水组(N组)、急性酒精中毒组(A组)、中度创伤性脑损伤组(T组)和急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤(AT组)。腹腔单注射25%酒精(2.5g/kg),2 h后以重物自由落体击打大鼠头部建立动物模型,存活1、3、5、7、14天。免疫组化方法检测海马CA1区NOS2表达,水迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆。结果:NOS2免疫组化染色发现各实验组阳性细胞数均高于N组。术后1天T组比AT组表达显著增高(P0.01);术后5天AT组比T组表达增高(P0.05);术后14天AT组比T组表达显著增高(P0.05)。水迷宫实验测潜伏期,术后1天AT组比T组延长(P0.05),术后3天AT组比T组缩短(P0.05),术后14天AT组比T组显著延长(P0.01)。结论:大鼠急性酒精中毒合并颅脑外伤后晚期,潜伏期延长,空间位置学习与记忆能力显著下降;在海马CA1区NOS2表达阳性细胞增多,为继发性脑损伤致其表达上调,是酒精急性中毒合并中度颅脑外伤预后欠佳的原因之一。     

白藜芦醇甙对慢性酒精中毒大鼠学习记忆及海马Cdk5激酶活性的影响

目的:研究白藜芦醇甙对慢性酒精中毒大鼠学习记忆及海马细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5(Cdk5)活性的影响。方法:40只大鼠随机分为4组(n=10):对照组、酒精中毒模型组、酒精中毒+白藜芦醇甙低剂量组、酒精中毒+白藜芦醇甙高剂量组。以灌胃法(每天3.0 g/kg酒精)建立慢性酒精中毒大鼠模型。戒断评分法观察戒断症状;Morris水迷宫测试学习记忆成绩;免疫荧光法检测大鼠海马区Cdk5蛋白表达;液闪法检测海马组织Cdk5激酶活性。结果:酒精中毒模型组戒断评分、水迷宫测试结果、Cdk5激酶活性,均明显高于对照组(P0.05);白藜芦醇甙高剂量组戒断评分、水迷宫测试结果,均明显低于酒精中毒模型组(P0.05);白藜芦醇甙高低剂量组Cdk5激酶活性均明显低于酒精中毒模型组(P0.05);酒精中毒模型组大鼠海马区Cdk5阳性细胞较对照组明显增加(P0.05),给予白藜芦醇甙干预后Cdk5阳性细胞数量较酒精中毒模型组减少(P0.05)。结论:白藜芦醇甙能够缓解酒精中毒所致的记忆损伤,这种作用可能与下调Cdk5激酶活性有关。     

吸烟大鼠肺脏AQP4和MUC5AC的表达及其与一氧化氮的关系

目的：研究烟草烟雾吸入对大鼠肺组织水通道蛋白4（AQP4）和粘蛋白5AC（MUC5AC）表达的影响及其与支气管肺泡灌洗液内一氧化氮代谢物水平的关系,探讨氧化应激对肺部水转运和粘液分泌的影响。方法：免疫组化法观察AQP4在肺组织内的表达,平均光密度法比较模型组和空白组大鼠AQP4的表达差异;半定量RT—PCR法检测肺组织内AQP4及MUC5ACmRNA的表达水平;硝酸还原酶法测定各组大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液内一氧化氮代谢产物的浓度,分析模型组AQP4、MUC5ACmRNA的表达水平与支气管肺泡灌洗液内一氧化氮代谢物浓度之间的相关关系：结果：AQP4在空白对照组呈强阳性染色,在模型组呈弱阳性染色,两者平均光密度值有显著差异（P〈0．05）。模型组动物肺组织AQP4mRNA的表达降低,MUC5ACmRNA的表达升高,与空白组比较均有显著差异（P〈0．05）,模型组动物支气管肺泡灌洗液内一氧化氮代谢产物的浓度与肺组织AQP4mRNA表达水平呈负相关,相关系数r=-0．798,（P〈0．05）,与MUC5ACmRNA的表达水平呈正相关,相关系数r=0．857,（P〈0．05）。结论：吸烟可导致肺组织AQP4表达下降进而影响气道内水的转运。一氧化氮可能参与了烟雾吸入动物模型中AQP4与MUC5AC基因袁达的调控．     

牛磺酸对脑创伤大鼠的脑保护作用

目的:探讨牛磺酸(Tau)预处理对弥漫性脑创伤(TBI)大鼠脑皮层超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脑含水量(BWC)和脑皮层水孔通道蛋白4(AQP4)表达的影响。方法:复制大鼠TBI模型,分为假手术组(S组)、TBI组(T组)、低剂量Tau组(L组)和高剂量Tau组(H组),用比色法测定脑皮层匀浆液中SOD活力和MDA含量;干/湿法测定BWC;免疫组织化学检测脑皮层AQP4的表达。结果:T组大鼠脑皮层SOD活力显著低于S组,T组MDA含量、BWC和脑皮层AQP4的表达显著高于S组;H、L组脑皮层SOD活力显著高于T组,H、L组MDA含量、BWC和脑皮层AQP4的表达显著低于T组;H、L组之间差异无显著性。结论:Tau可能通过清除TBI后产生的的氧自由基、下调TBI大鼠脑皮层AQP4的表达减轻脑水肿,发挥其脑保护作用。     

人参低聚肽对急性酒精中毒大鼠的作用研究

目的：评价人参低聚肽（ginseng oligopetides,GOPs）对急性酒精中毒大鼠的作用效果。方法：根据体重将大鼠随机分为酒精模型组、乳清蛋白组（250 mg/kg·BW）和4个GOPs剂量组（62.5、125、250、500 mg/kg·BW）,另设1个正常对照组,每组10只。GOPs灌胃30 d后,以4 g/kg·BW浓度灌胃染毒造成大鼠急性酒精中毒模型（翻正反射实验为7 g/kg·BW）,进行行为学实验（包括翻正反射、转棒和网上攀附实验）、检测血乙醇浓度,并检测大鼠肝脏乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH）的活性。结果：GOPs干预能明显减少急性酒精中毒大鼠的翻正反射消失比率,延长网上攀附时间,增加醉酒大鼠在转棒上的停留时间,降低血乙醇浓度及提高肝脏ADH、ALDH活性。结论：GOPs可以通过加速酒精在体内的代谢,加强肝脏乙醇代谢酶活性,改善酒精引起的行为异常,从而对急性酒精中毒大鼠具有保护作用。     

硫酸软骨素酶ABC治疗减少大鼠脊髓损伤引起的酪氨酸蛋白激酶A4的表达

本研究旨在探讨大鼠脊髓损伤(spinal cord impairment,SCI)后硫酸软骨素酶ABC (chondroitinase ABC,ChABC)对酪氨酸蛋白激酶A4 (ephrin A4,EphA4)表达变化的影响.选取成年雌性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、生理盐水(NS)组和ChABC组.NS组和ChABC...     

急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤大鼠海马GFAP的表达

目的:观察急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤后大鼠海马星形胶质细胞标记物胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达的变化.方法:健康成年雄性SD大鼠72只,随即机分为4组:假手术组(N组)、急性酒精中毒组(E组)、中度创伤性脑损伤组(T组)和急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤组(E T组).腹腔注射酒精(2.5g/kg)致使大鼠急性酒精中毒,2h后,按改进的Feeney's自由落体硬膜外撞击方法使其合并中度创伤性脑损伤(600g.cm).各组动物术后6h、24h和48h处死.中性红染色观察海马CA1区神经元形态学改变;用免疫组织化学的方法检测海马CA1区GFAP表达变化.结果:与N组和E组相比,T组和E T组GFAP表达显著增多(P＜0.01).术后6h和24h,T组GFAP表达显著高于E T组(P＜0.05);T组和E T组的海马CA1区神经元细胞出现胞体肿胀,排列散乱,但T组上述形态学改变较E T组明显.结论:急性酒精中毒合并中度创伤性脑损伤的早期可通过减少GFAP的表达,抑制星形胶质细胞激活,减少炎症反应发挥保护作用.     

金葡菌α-溶血素致大鼠急性肺损伤时肺水通道蛋白AQP1表达的变化

目的观察金葡菌α-溶血素(α-Toxin)致急性肺损伤时大鼠肺部AQP1表达的变化。方法将24只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为盐水对照组,α-Toxin 6h组,α-Toxin 10h组及α-Toxin 24h组,每组各6只。对照组给予腹腔内注入生理盐水;实验组则注入α-Toxin(5μg/100g),分别于6h、10h及24h采集标本。结果金葡菌α-Toxin可诱导大鼠急性肺损伤,肺组织出现不同程度的水肿、充血,动脉血氧下降,且损伤程度与毒素作用时间明显相关。免疫组化结果显示AQP1主要分布在肺微血管内皮,肺泡毛细血管内皮AQP1密度明显低于小血管内皮及细支气管旁毛细血管内皮(P0.05)。注入α-Toxin后6h肺AQP1表达显著下降,10h下降达高峰,24h后AQP1表达有部分恢复(P0.05)。结论α-Toxin可致大鼠肺损伤,并可同时下调肺AQP1表达,提示AQP1可能参与了金葡菌致急性肺损伤时肺内的异常液体转运。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418