氨基酸自动分析仪测定血浆中牛磺酸程序的改进及其应用

<正> 牛磺酸是一种由胱氨酸转化而来的β—氨基酸。已有研究证实,牛磺酸与生长发育、体温调节、营养作用、学习记忆及某些疾病有关。由于牛磺酸具有调节生理功能的作用,目前牛磺酸代谢方面的     

牛磺酸的生物学效应与运动能力的研究进展

牛磺酸是人和动物的重要营养素,具有多种生物学作用,能清除自由基、对抗脂质过氧化、调节渗透压、维持体液平衡和胞内钙离子稳态、参与糖和氨基酸的代谢。在体育运动中,牛磺酸能显著提高运动能力。本文对牛磺酸在人体内的分布和代谢进行介绍,并对牛磺酸在人体内的功能及其与运动能力的关系进行概述。     

牛磺酸对急性运动后血清心肌酶的影响

牛磷酸是一种β—氨基酸的亚磺酸类似物,长期被认为是含硫氨基酸的无功能终末代谢产物。80年代开始,Huxtable等对牛磺酸的分布、代谢及其重要而广泛的生物学作用进行了深入的研究,尤其在牛磺酸对心血管系统的保护作用的研究方面,取得了一定的成果。为探讨急性运动时牛磺酸对心脏的作用,我们观察了牛磺酸对急性运动后血清心肌酶活性的影响。     

牛磺酸研究进展

牛磺酸具有抗肿瘤、增强免疫、保护心脏、降压、降血脂、降血糖、减轻脂肪肝、降转氨酶、抗衰老等诸多作用。本文查阅国内外相关文献,并将其分析归纳,综述了牛磺酸性质、药理作用的研究进展,以为含有牛磺酸的守宫及含守宫中成药的抗肿瘤等临床作用机理提供研究线索。     

牛磺酸研究进展

牛磺酸具有抗肿瘤、增强免疫、保护心脏、降压、降血脂、降血糖、减轻脂肪肝、降转氨酶、抗衰老等诸多作用。本文查阅国内外相关文献,并将其分析归纳,综述了牛磺酸性质、药理作用的研究进展,以为含有牛磺酸的守宫及含守宫中成药的抗肿瘤等临床作用机理提供研究线索。     

牛磺酸对HepG2细胞甘油三酯合成的影响研究

本文探讨牛磺酸对HepG2细胞甘油三酯合成的影响,为牛磺酸预防/改善机体高脂状态的深入研究提供参考。在DMEM培养基中添加0.05 mmol/L油酸建立高甘油三酯细胞模型,分别以终浓度为1、5、10、20 mmol/L的牛磺酸处理细胞24、48、72 h,测定细胞内甘油三酯水平;并检测5 mmol/L牛磺酸作用24 h后细胞内固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(SREBP-1c)及脂肪合成相关酶乙酰辅酶A合成酶(AceCS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、长链酰基辅酶A合成酶1(ACSL1)的蛋白表达水平。1 mmol/L牛磺酸作用72 h,5和10 mmol/L牛磺酸作用24、48、72 h,20 mmol/L牛磺酸作用24和48 h均可使高脂HepG2细胞内甘油三酯水平显著下降(P0.05);5 mmol/L牛磺酸作用24 h,高脂HepG2细胞的SREBP-1c、FAS、ACC、AceCS1、ACSL1表达明显减少(P0.05),磷酸化ACC表达显著增加(P0.05)。结论:牛磺酸通过调控SREBP-1c及其下游靶基因而抑制高脂HepG2细胞脂肪酸/甘油三酯的合成。     

牛磺酸对大鼠红细胞的保护作用

牛磺酸对大鼠红细胞的保护作用刘雪芬,莫志贤（第一军医大学南方医院药材科第一军医大学中医系广州５１０５１５）陈晓佳（北京解放军２９２医院药械科１００１６８）牛磺酸广泛存在动物细胞内,对多种有害因素引起的细胞损伤具有保护作用,但对于牛磺酸细胞保护作用的机...     

牛磺酸对脑创伤大鼠脑超微结构及P2X7受体表达的影响

目的:探讨牛磺酸对脑创伤大鼠脑超微结构及P2X7受体蛋白表达的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分成4组(n=10):假手术组、脑创伤组、脑创伤+低剂量牛磺酸组和脑创伤+高剂量牛磺酸组。采用Marmarou’s方法建立脑创伤模型,免疫组织化学法观察顶叶皮层、海马P2X7受体蛋白表达,透射电镜观察顶叶皮层超微结构。结果:与假手术组相比,脑创伤组顶叶皮层、海马P2X7阳性表达细胞显著增多(P<0.01);与脑创伤组相比,脑创伤+低、高剂量牛磺酸组顶叶皮层、海马P2X7阳性表达细胞显著减少(P<0.01或P<0.05),与脑创伤+低剂量牛磺酸组相比,脑创伤+高剂量牛磺酸组顶叶皮层、海马P2X7阳性表达细胞显著减少(P<0.05或P<0.01)。脑创伤+高剂量牛磺酸组顶叶皮层病理改变明显减轻。结论:牛磺酸可对脑创伤大鼠发挥脑保护作用,其机制可能与下调P2X7受体蛋白表达有关。     

牛磺酸跨膜转运的意义及机制

牛磺酸是正常存在于体内的含硫氨基酸,其跨膜转运对细胞渗透压的维持及细胞内外Ca~(2 )的稳态调节具有重要的作用。心肌细胞膜上存在Na~ /taurine协同转运系统。牛磺酸跨膜转运主要受Na~ 的调控,另外,渗透压、Ca~(2 )和K~ 等亦影响牛磺酸的转运。牛磺酸转运蛋白的克隆为进一步研究牛磺酸跨膜转运的 机制提供了新的手段。     

用氨基酸自动分析仪测定牛磺酸

<正> 牛磺酸抗癫痫、降低血压,抗心律失常及脑发育和渗透压调节中的作用,最近令人关注。牛黄、全蝎、原蚕子等抗癫痫的中药中都含有牛磺酸,过去测定牛磺酸的含量多用薄层层析法,较为麻烦、费时,而且分析精度、准确性也较低。我们用日立835型氨     

Position of ultimobranchial body cysts in the human fetal thyroid gland

In a series of 21 human fetal thyroid glands examined histologically in serial sections, seven ultimobranchial body cysts were found. The position of these cysts correlated well with the distribution of calcitonin-containing cells found by previous investigators in the adult thyroid gland. Ultimobranchial body cysts found external to the thyroid lobes may offer a developmental explanation for the paucity of calcitonin found in some adult thyroid glands. The close developmental relationship between the parathyroid gland and the ultimobranchial body could explain the presence of calcitonin found in these glands in some adults.     

酸梨金属元素的分析

采用电感耦合等离子体发育光谱仪（ICP）对野生酸梨的金属元素进行了测试分析。结果表明：其常量元素中Ca的含量高达66.84%(mg/g),同时含有人体必需的微量元素Fe,Mn,V,Cu,Zn,Ni,Co等。及对人体有益的稀土元素Nd,Tm,Yb等。     

The adaptive response of human skin to the savanna

In the early stage of human evolution, as the hominids began to inhabit the savanna mosaic in Africa some three or four million years ago, a functional complex of skin features contributed to their effective exploitation of resources and survival in the new environment. Thermal radiation from the sun combined with internally generated heat from muscular effort posed problems of thermoregulation. As a mechanism for dissipating body heat and maintaining brain temperature, eccrine sweat glands throughout the body surface combined with reduction in body hair enhanced the evaporative cooling effects of sweating. As body hair diminished, deeply pigmented skin was selected for as a protection against harmful ultraviolet radiation. When human populations left the equatorial regions of Africa, the adaptive significance of deeply pigmented skin may have shifted in response to other factors, such as latitude, diet and cultural pratices. We view the structure and function of human skin within a comparative and evolutionary framework that focuses on the environment in which the hominids evolved.     

The voice as an anthropologic marker system, its constitutional correlates and characteristics

The nonverbal component of human speech contains some information about the speaker himself, which for example enables listeners to recognize speakers from their voice. Here it was examined to what extent the speaker's body size and shape are betrayed in his speech signal and thus can be recognized by listeners. Contrary to earlier constitutional studies only size and not shape correlates with acoustical parameters of speech; comparing listening experiments with acoustical analysis gives some evidence that the average sound spectrum is used by listeners for judging speaker's body size.     

肠道正常菌群与人体的关系

人体肠道正常菌群与人体有着非常密切的利害关系。正常情况下,人体内、外环境与肠道正常菌群保持着相对平衡状态,它确保着人体的健康,但一旦在某些因素的作用下,平衡被打破,将导致某些疾病的发生。主要介绍肠道正常菌群的概况、与人体的利害关系、以及菌群失调的调整等。     

人体体表超弱光发射的测量

研制了一种能在室温下正常工作的高灵敏度并具有极低暗计数的光子计数器。用它来研究人体体表超弱光的发射。测量结果表明：人体不同部位体表发光强度是很不一致的：手指发光最强、掌心次之、然后是面颊、前额、小臂、上臂、胸腹部等依次减弱。先照对体表的发光有很大影响。体表不同部位因光照引起发光强度的增加值差异很大;避光后先强的衰减速度也不同。体表的发光强度随体表温度的升高而增强。某些物质接触体表可以使体表发光强度发生很大变化。     

空气污染与神经退行性疾病

随着现代社会工业的发展,空气污染日益严重,空气污染对人体的损害也越来越大。空气污染中的有害物质,能通过各种途径引起各系统的疾病,甚至会影响儿童的身体和智力发育。研究发现,长期暴露或急性暴露在某些空气污染物中可以直接损伤中枢神经系统,或污染物引起呼吸系统和免疫系统等产生有害因子,通过外周循环到达大脑,导致大脑的神经炎症、神经毒性、氧化应激等反应,最终产生神经退行性病变,如阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）、帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease,PD）等。     

Changes of blood volume distribution by postural changes in rats

During a space flight the human body responds to many different gravities. The launching of the rocket, the weightlessness, the re-entry of the spacecraft, and other factors influence the astronaut's body. The fluid shifts and the effect on the cardiovascular system arising from these gravitational changes have been frequently studied in space medicine by using body tilting, lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and centrifugal accelerators. There exist, however, few reports about the changes in whole body blood volume distribution caused by body tilting. These changes can be measured using radioisotopes: scintigraphy using 99mTechnetium-labeled human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA), etc. In humans, however, because the visual field of the scintillation camera is so small, the simultaneous measurement of whole body blood volume distribution cannot be done during body tilting. We therefore used rats, whose whole bodies can be encompassed within the visual field of the camera, and we discussed the changes in blood volume distribution induced by body tilting. We also measured the blood concentrations in each organ by using whole body autoradiography in mice, and discussed the effect of postural changes on some abdominal organs.     

Carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in the diet: occurrence, formation, mechanisms and carcinogenic potential

Nitrosamines form a large group of genotoxic chemical carcinogens which occur in the human diet and other environmental media, and can be formed endogenously in the human body. N-Nitroso compounds can induce cancer in experimental animals. Some representative compounds of this class induce cancer in at least 40 different animal species including higher primates. Tumours induced in experimental animals resemble their human counterparts with respect to both morphological and biochemical properties. Extensive experimental, and some epidemiological data suggest that humans are susceptible to carcinogenesis by N-nitroso compounds and that the presence of these compounds in some foods may be regarded as an aetiological risk factor for certain human cancers including cancers of the oesophagus, stomach and nasopharynx.     

The rage of consent

Concern about the proprietary rights over human body parts has had a dramatic recent impact in some European countries with many implications for future research.